TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - A. Catharine Ross A2 - Christine L. Taylor A2 - Ann L. Yaktine A2 - Heather B. Del Valle TI - Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D SN - DO - 10.17226/13050 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13050/dietary-reference-intakes-for-calcium-and-vitamin-d PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Health and Medicine AB - Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for the human body. Establishing the levels of these nutrients that are needed by the North American population is based on the understanding of the health outcomes that calcium and vitamin D affect. It is also important to establish how much of each nutrient may be "too much." Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D provides reference intake values for these two nutrients. The report updates the DRI values defined in Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride, the 1997 study from the Institute of Medicine. This 2011 book provides background information on the biological functions of each nutrient, reviews health outcomes that are associated with the intake of calcium and vitamin D, and specifies Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for both. It also identifies Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, which are levels above wish the risk for harm may increase. The book includes an overview of current dietary intake in the U.S. and Canada, and discusses implications of the study. A final chapter provides research recommendations. The DRIs established in this book incorporate current scientific evidence about the roles of vitamin D and calcium in human health and will serve as a valuable guide for a range of stakeholders including dietitians and other health professionals, those who set national nutrition policy, researchers, the food industry, and private and public health organizations and partnerships. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids SN - DO - 10.17226/9810 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9810/dietary-reference-intakes-for-vitamin-c-vitamin-e-selenium-and-carotenoids PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series of quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is the newest framework for an expanded approach developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists. This book discusses in detail the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. For each nutrient the committee presents what is known about how it functions in the human body, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. Dietary Reference Intakes provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), designed to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc SN - DO - 10.17226/10026 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10026/dietary-reference-intakes-for-vitamin-a-vitamin-k-arsenic-boron-chromium-copper-iodine-iron-manganese-molybdenum-nickel-silicon-vanadium-and-zinc PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - Human Vitamin B6 Requirements: Proceedings of a Workshop DO - 10.17226/19913 PY - 1978 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19913/human-vitamin-b6-requirements-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK TI - Vitamin E and Retinopathy of Prematurity DO - 10.17226/21284 PY - 1986 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21284/vitamin-e-and-retinopathy-of-prematurity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Food and Nutrition ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Carol West Suitor A2 - Linda D. Meyers TI - Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11767 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11767/dietary-reference-intakes-research-synthesis-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - What information is available to inform the planning of a nutrition research agenda for the United States and Canada? This question provided the backdrop for the Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis project undertaken by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative reference values for recommended intakes and tolerable upper intake levels for a range of nutrients. They are used widely by dietitians in individual counseling, by federal nutrition officials in program and policy development, and by the nutrition research and education communities in government, academia, and industry. Between 1997 and 2005, the IOM published a series of six DRI reports covering a total of 45 nutrients, energy, and other food components. The IOM also issued two reports describing ways to apply the DRIs in assessment and planning. Together, these eight reports contain more than 450 research recommendations and thus a wealth of information pertinent to a nutrition research agenda. To make the recommendations more accessible, the Food and Nutrition Board undertook a project with two major elements: (1) the development of a searchable database of all the DRI research recommendations, and (2) the Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis Workshop, held June 7-8, 2006, which was designed to provide a venue for hearing and discussing experts' perspectives on the research recommendations identified in the DRI reports. Two members of the workshop planning group—Drs. John W. Suttie and Susan J. Whiting—moderated the DRI Research Synthesis Workshop. After an overview and demonstration of the DRI Research Synthesis Database, panels of experts addressed DRI research recommendations related to each of the six DRI nutrient reports, the two DRI applications reports, and three cross-cutting topics: (1) setting DRIs for children, (2) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, and (3) relevant new and underutilized research techniques. This report is a summary of the workshop presentations and discussions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Vitamin A Supplementation: Methodologies for Field Trials DO - 10.17226/18898 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18898/vitamin-a-supplementation-methodologies-for-field-trials PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Food and Nutrition ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 2001 SN - DO - 10.17226/9825 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9825/nutrient-requirements-of-dairy-cattle-seventh-revised-edition-2001 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Food and Nutrition AB - This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jennifer J. Otten A2 - Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig A2 - Linda D. Meyers TI - Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements SN - DO - 10.17226/11537 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11537/dietary-reference-intakes-the-essential-guide-to-nutrient-requirements PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Widely regarded as the classic reference work for the nutrition, dietetic, and allied health professions since its introduction in 1943, Recommended Dietary Allowances has been the accepted source in nutrient allowances for healthy people. Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, in partnership with Health Canada, has updated what used to be known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and renamed their new approach to these guidelines Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Since 1998, the Institute of Medicine has issued eight exhaustive volumes of DRIs that offer quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. Now, for the first time, all eight volumes are summarized in one easy-to-use reference volume, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment. Organized by nutrient for ready use, this popular reference volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, food sources, usual dietary intakes, and effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes. For each nutrient of food component, information includes: Estimated average requirement and its standard deviation by age and gender. Recommended dietary allowance, based on the estimated average requirement and deviation. Adequate intake level, where a recommended dietary allowance cannot be based on an estimated average requirement. Tolerable upper intake levels above which risk of toxicity would increase. Along with dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, this book presents recommendations for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Also included is a "Summary Table of Dietary Reference Intakes," an updated practical summary of the recommendations. In addition, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment provides information about: Guiding principles for nutrition labeling and fortification Applications in dietary planning Proposed definition of dietary fiber A risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients Proposed definition and plan for review of dietary antioxidants and related compounds Dietitians, community nutritionists, nutrition educators, nutritionists working in government agencies, and nutrition students at the postsecondary level, as well as other health professionals, will find Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment an invaluable resource. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Workshop on Biochemical and Clinical Criteria for Determining Human Vitamin A Nutriture: Summary of Proceedings DO - 10.17226/21236 PY - 1971 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21236/workshop-on-biochemical-and-clinical-criteria-for-determining-human-vitamin-a-nutriture PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Food and Nutrition ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Meghan Harrison TI - Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25841 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25841/nutrition-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-exploring-new-evidence-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Food and Nutrition AB - The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine last reviewed the state of the science on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation 30 years ago. The resulting consensus study reports from the Institute of Medicine—Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) and Nutrition During Lactation (IOM, 1991)—summarized the scientific evidence and provided nutrient recommendations. In the decades since the release of these two reports, the body of evidence on the relationships between nutrition during pregnancy and lactation and maternal and infant health and chronic disease has continued to grow and evolve. At the same time, the demographics of the population have shifted, giving rise to new considerations. To explore the evidence that has emerged, the National Academies conducted a 2-day workshop in January 2020. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jennifer J. Otten A2 - Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig A2 - Linda D. Meyers TI - Les apports nutritionnels de référence: Le guide essential de besoins en nutriments SN - DO - 10.17226/11758 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11758/les-apports-nutritionnels-de-rfrence-le-guide-essential-de-besoins PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Une bonne santé commence par une saine alimentation, et une saine alimentation repose sur un régime alimentaire équilibré qui fournit les quantités adéquates d'énergie et de nutriments. Les apports nutritionnels de référence (ANREF), qui constituent une révision et un élargissement des anciens Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) aux états-Unis qu' et des Apports nutritionnels recommandés (ANR) au Canada, établissent une base scientifique servant à élaborer des lignes directrices en matiére d'alimentation, tant aux états-Unis qu'au Canada. Ces lignes directrices proposent une façon d'atteindre une alimentation équilirée en consommant une variété d'aliments provenant de différents groupes alimentaires. Si vous utilisez encore les anciens RDA ou ANR, il est temps de passer aux ANREF. Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements, rédigé par l'Institute of Medicine en partenarait avec Santé Canada fournit les renseignements les plus exacts, pratiques et à jour pour élaborer des programmes éducatifs sur la nutrition, évaluer et planifier des régimes alimentaires pour des individus et des groupes, fixer des normes pour les programmes d'aide alimentaire et l'étiquetage nutritionnel, faciliter le développment de nouveaux produits par l'industrie et évaluer l'appovisionnement alimentaire relatifs aux besoins nutritionnels de la population. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Supplementation of Human Diets With Vitamin E DO - 10.17226/21500 PY - 1973 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21500/supplementation-of-human-diets-with-vitamin-e PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities: Final Report SN - DO - 10.17226/6009 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6009/vitamin-c-fortification-of-food-aid-commodities-final-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - John Erdman A2 - Maria Oria A2 - Laura Pillsbury TI - Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel SN - DO - 10.17226/13121 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13121/nutrition-and-traumatic-brain-injury-improving-acute-and-subacute-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Vitamin Tolerance of Animals SN - DO - 10.17226/949 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/949/vitamin-tolerance-of-animals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Many feedstuffs and forages do not provide the dietary vitamins necessary for optimum growth and development, making supplementation necessary. This volume offers a practical, well-organized guide to safe levels of vitamin supplementation in all major domestic species, including poultry, cattle, sheep, and fishes. Fourteen essential vitamins are discussed with information on requirements in various species, deficiency symptoms, metabolism, indications of hypervitaminosis, and safe dosages. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline SN - DO - 10.17226/6015 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6015/dietary-reference-intakes-for-thiamin-riboflavin-niacin-vitamin-b6-folate-vitamin-b12-pantothenic-acid-biotin-and-choline PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approach—the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age group—from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition SN - DO - 10.17226/9826 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9826/nutrient-requirements-of-nonhuman-primates-second-revised-edition PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - This new release presents the wealth of information gleaned about nonhuman primates nutrition since the previous edition was published in 1978. With expanded coverage of natural dietary habits, gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology, and the nutrient needs of species that have been difficult to maintain in captivity, it explores the impact on nutrition of physiological and life-stage considerations: infancy, weaning, immune function, obesity, aging, and more. The committee also discusses issues of environmental enrichment such as opportunities for foraging. Based on the world's scientific literature and input from authoritative sources, the book provides best estimates of nutrient requirements. The volume covers requirements for energy: carbohydrates, including the role of dietary fiber; proteins and amino acids; fats and fatty acids; minerals, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins; and water. The book also analyzes the composition of important foods and feed ingredients and offers guidelines on feed processing and diet formulation. ER -