%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Chatti, Karim %E Haider, Syed Waqar %E Eisma, Ronell J. %E Musunuru, Gopikrishna %E Kim, Y. Richard %E Castorena, Cassie %E Adams, Javon %T Performance-Related Specifications for Pavement Preservation Treatments %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24945/performance-related-specifications-for-pavement-preservation-treatments %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24945/performance-related-specifications-for-pavement-preservation-treatments %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 158 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 857: Performance-Related Specifications for Pavement Preservation Treatments presents guidelines for use in preparing performance-related specifications (PRS) for pavement preservation treatments and, if desired, determining pay adjustment factors. Although PRS have been used for the construction of pavements, their use for pavement preservation treatments has been limited. These guidelines will help highway agencies develop and incorporate PRS in preservation treatment contracts, specify an optimum level of quality that represents a balance of costs and performance, and, if desired, establish quality-related pay adjustment factors. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Pellegrino, James W. %E Chudowsky, Naomi %E Glaser, Robert %T Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment %@ 978-0-309-29322-8 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10019/knowing-what-students-know-the-science-and-design-of-educational %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10019/knowing-what-students-know-the-science-and-design-of-educational %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 382 %X Education is a hot topic. From the stage of presidential debates to tonight's dinner table, it is an issue that most Americans are deeply concerned about. While there are many strategies for improving the educational process, we need a way to find out what works and what doesn't work as well. Educational assessment seeks to determine just how well students are learning and is an integral part of our quest for improved education. The nation is pinning greater expectations on educational assessment than ever before. We look to these assessment tools when documenting whether students and institutions are truly meeting education goals. But we must stop and ask a crucial question: What kind of assessment is most effective? At a time when traditional testing is subject to increasing criticism, research suggests that new, exciting approaches to assessment may be on the horizon. Advances in the sciences of how people learn and how to measure such learning offer the hope of developing new kinds of assessments-assessments that help students succeed in school by making as clear as possible the nature of their accomplishments and the progress of their learning. Knowing What Students Know essentially explains how expanding knowledge in the scientific fields of human learning and educational measurement can form the foundations of an improved approach to assessment. These advances suggest ways that the targets of assessment-what students know and how well they know it-as well as the methods used to make inferences about student learning can be made more valid and instructionally useful. Principles for designing and using these new kinds of assessments are presented, and examples are used to illustrate the principles. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also explored. With the promise of a productive research-based approach to assessment of student learning, Knowing What Students Know will be important to education administrators, assessment designers, teachers and teacher educators, and education advocates. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Karlsson, Joakim %E Allard, Scott %E Viswanathan, Rohit %E Furey, Robert %E McCredie, Jonathan %T Airport Capital Improvements: A Business Planning and Decision-Making Approach %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22259/airport-capital-improvements-a-business-planning-and-decision-making-approach %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22259/airport-capital-improvements-a-business-planning-and-decision-making-approach %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 64 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 120: Airport Capital Improvements: A Business Planning and Decision-Making Approach consist of a guidebook and a spreadsheet-based cost-estimating model to assist practitioners with estimating the cost of construction projects regularly proposed in an airport’s capital improvement plan. The spreadsheet model requires 32-bit Microsoft Excel 2007 or later. ACRP Web Only Document 18: Airport Capital Improvements: Developing a Cost-Estimating Model and Database describes the research process to develop and test the model.This spreadsheet is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rada, Gonzalo R. %E Jones, David J. %E Harvey, John T. %E Senn, Kevin A. %E Thomas, Mark %T Guide for Conducting Forensic Investigations of Highway Pavements %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22507/guide-for-conducting-forensic-investigations-of-highway-pavements %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22507/guide-for-conducting-forensic-investigations-of-highway-pavements %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 151 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 747: Guide for Conducting Forensic Investigations of Highway Pavements explores a process for conducting forensic investigations of pavements that is designed to help understand the reasons behind premature failures or exceptionally good performance. The process also allows for the collection of data for use in developing or calibrating performance-prediction models.The report includes example forms and checklists for use during the conduct of an investigation. These forms can be modified to suit the particular requirements and procedures for the agency. The example forms are included with the print version of the report in CD-ROM format.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T Tires and Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy: Informing Consumers, Improving Performance -- Special Report 286 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11620/tires-and-passenger-vehicle-fuel-economy-informing-consumers-improving-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11620/tires-and-passenger-vehicle-fuel-economy-informing-consumers-improving-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 174 %X TRB and the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, part of the National Academies’ Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences (DEPS), have released Special Report 286, Tires and Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy: Informing Consumers, Improving Performance. This report examines the contribution of tires to vehicle fuel consumption and the prospects for improving tire energy performance without adversely affecting tire life, traction capability, and retail prices. The report reviews the technical literature and analyzes energy performance data from nearly 200 passenger tires on the market today. National fuel savings from improving the energy efficiency of passenger tires by 10 percent are quantified and the implications for consumer spending on tires, motor vehicle safety, and scrap tire generation are considered. Observing that consumers are given little, if any, information on the fuel economy effects of tires, the report recommends that government and industry cooperate to fill this information gap. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Von Quintus, Harold L. %E Rao, Shree %E Gopisetti, Praveen %E Rao, Chetana %T Incorporating Nondestructive Testing in Quality Assurance of Highway Pavement Construction: Conduct of Research Report %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27442/incorporating-nondestructive-testing-in-quality-assurance-of-highway-pavement-construction-conduct-of-research-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27442/incorporating-nondestructive-testing-in-quality-assurance-of-highway-pavement-construction-conduct-of-research-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 187 %X Good quality pavement construction translates directly to good performance and long life. State departments of transportations (DOTs) apply established standards and specifications to perform a wide range of material tests through various stages of a construction contract in accordance with federal aid requirements and state DOT specific requirements. NCHRP Web-Only Document 375: Incorporating Nondestructive Testing in Quality Assurance of Highway Pavement Construction: Conduct of Research Report, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, develops a manual to assist state DOTs and contractors in selecting and incorporating NDT procedures in their QA programs. The document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1082: Incorporating Nondestructive Testing in Quality Assurance of Highway Pavement Construction: Manual. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hilton, Margaret %T Protecting Student Records and Facilitating Education Research: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-12799-8 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12514/protecting-student-records-and-facilitating-education-research-a-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12514/protecting-student-records-and-facilitating-education-research-a-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Computers and Information Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 106 %X Designed to protect the privacy of individual student test scores, grades, and other education records, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 places limits the access of educational researches, and slows research not only in education but also in related fields, such as child welfare and health. Recent trends have converged to greatly increase the supply of data on student performance in public schools. Education policies now emphasize education standards and testing to measure progress toward those standards, as well as rigorous education research. At the same time, private firms and public agencies, including schools, have replaced most paper records with electronic data systems. Although these databases represent a rich source of longitudinal data, researchers' access to the individually identifiable data they contain is limited by the privacy protections of FERPA. To explore possibilities for data access and confidentiality in compliance with FERPA and with the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects, the National Academies and the American Educational Research Association convened the Workshop on Protecting Student Records and Facilitating Education Research in April 2008. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Chabbott, Colette %E Elliott, Emerson J. %T Understanding Others, Educating Ourselves: Getting More from International Comparative Studies in Education %@ 978-0-309-08855-8 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10622/understanding-others-educating-ourselves-getting-more-from-international-comparative-studies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10622/understanding-others-educating-ourselves-getting-more-from-international-comparative-studies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 99 %X Since 1988, the Board on International Comparative Studies in Education (BICSE) at the (U.S.) National Research Council of the National Academies has engaged in activities designed to increase the rigor and sophistication of international comparative studies in education by encouraging synergies between large and smaller scale international comparative education research, to identify gaps in the existing research base, and to assist in communicating results to policy makers and the public. Under the current grant (1998-2002), funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics, BICSE has sponsored public events and commissioned papers on the effects of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), the power of video technology in international education research, international perspectives on teacher quality, and advances in the methodology of cross-national surveys of education achievement. This report responds to a request from the board's sponsors under the current grant to produce a report that builds on its previous work. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E McDaniel, Rebecca S. %T Impact of Asphalt Thickness on Pavement Quality %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25498/impact-of-asphalt-thickness-on-pavement-quality %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25498/impact-of-asphalt-thickness-on-pavement-quality %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 128 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 537: Impact of Asphalt Thickness on Pavement Quality documents transportation agency policy for lift thickness and minimum compaction requirements on resultant asphalt pavement quality.To achieve expected pavement performance, it is important that asphalt concrete (AC) have adequate density. A critical factor in achieving this density is the ratio of lift thickness to nominal maximum aggregate size (t/NMAS).The information in the report is designed to help make agencies aware of a range of practices other agencies use to achieve a desired t/NMAS ratio, ensuring that density of AC is adequate to meet expected pavement performance. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Rusek, Benjamin %E Lowenthal, Micah %T Brazil-U.S. Workshop on Strengthening the Culture of Nuclear Safety and Security: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-37586-3 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21761/brazil-us-workshop-on-strengthening-the-culture-of-nuclear-safety-and-security %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21761/brazil-us-workshop-on-strengthening-the-culture-of-nuclear-safety-and-security %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 100 %X On August 25-26, 2014, the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) and the National Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences convened the Brazil-U.S. Workshop on Strengthening the Culture of Nuclear Safety and Security. The workshop, held on the IPEN Campus in São Paulo, Brazil, examined how a culture of nuclear safety and security is built and maintained within the nuclear science, technology, and industrial sectors. Participants identified opportunities for cooperation to strengthen that culture and shared research, perspectives, and practices. This report summarizes the presentation and discussion of that event. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Savitz, David A. %E Styka, Anne N. %E Butler, David A. %T Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry %@ 978-0-309-45117-8 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23677/assessment-of-the-department-of-veterans-affairs-airborne-hazards-and-open-burn-pit-registry %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23677/assessment-of-the-department-of-veterans-affairs-airborne-hazards-and-open-burn-pit-registry %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 252 %X Military operations produce a great deal of trash in an environment where standard waste management practices may be subordinated to more pressing concerns. As a result, ground forces have long relied on incineration in open-air pits as a means of getting rid of refuse. Concerns over possible adverse effects of exposure to smoke from trash burning in the theater were first expressed in the wake of the 1990–1991 Gulf War and stimulated a series of studies that indicated that exposures to smoke from oil-well fires and from other combustion sources, including waste burning, were stressors for troops. In January 2013, Congress directed the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain a registry for service members who may have been exposed to toxic airborne chemicals and fumes generated by open burn pits. Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry analyzes the initial months of data collected by the registry and offers recommendations on ways to improve the instrument and best use the information it collects. This report assesses the effectiveness of the VA's information gathering efforts and provides recommendations for addressing the future medical needs of the affected groups, and provides recommendations on collecting, maintaining, and monitoring information collected by the VA's Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Hand, Adam J. T. %E Na, Rita I., sr %E Hajj, Elie Y. %E Sebaaly, Peter E. %E Moura, Geverson De Jesus %E Daranga, Codrin %E Baumgardner, Gaylon L. %E Cowley, Shelly R. %T Developing Laboratory Methods and Specification Language to Test Tack Coat Materials %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27394/developing-laboratory-methods-and-specification-language-to-test-tack-coat-materials %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27394/developing-laboratory-methods-and-specification-language-to-test-tack-coat-materials %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 186 %X Most asphalt pavement design methodologies assume pavements as monolithic structures composed of multiple layers to transfer the traffic loads on the surface to the bottom layers. However, this assumption is compromised when the pavement layers are not fully bonded. NCHRP Web-Only Document 381: Developing Laboratory Methods and Specification Language to Test Tack Coat Materials, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, seeks to develop draft specification language for a detailed procedure to select tack coats in terms of bonding, durability, and tracking performance in the field. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Tierney, Kevin F. %T Use of the U.S. Census Bureau’s Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) by State Departments of Transportation and Metropolitan Planning Organizations %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22772/use-of-the-us-census-bureaus-public-use-microdata-sample-pums-by-state-departments-of-transportation-and-metropolitan-planning-organizations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22772/use-of-the-us-census-bureaus-public-use-microdata-sample-pums-by-state-departments-of-transportation-and-metropolitan-planning-organizations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 73 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 434: Use of the U.S. Census Bureau’s Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) by State Departments of Transportation and Metropolitan Planning Organizations describes ways that transportation planners are using the PUMS data.The report is designed to serve as a reference for transportation planners who may be able to exploit these data. Census microdata are the confidential records of specific individuals and housing units from whom Decennial Census or American Community Survey responses have been obtained.The U.S. Census Bureau also draws a sample from the full set of microdata and makes these sampled records available in the PUMS data products, so that users can develop their own tabulations.These data are being used by state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations for studies, such as analyses of the commuting characteristics of population subgroups, and for supporting travel demand model and land use models.In July 2012 an Errata was issued on this report. On page iv of NCHRP Synthesis 434 an incorrect list of Topic Panel members was included. The pdf version of the report has been corrected and a correct panel list is available for download. %0 Book %T Framework for Implementing Constructability Throughout Project Development from NEPA to Final Design %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27446/framework-for-implementing-constructability-throughout-project-development-from-nepa-to-final-design %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27446/framework-for-implementing-constructability-throughout-project-development-from-nepa-to-final-design %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 475 %X Since the inception of using sets of plans for construction purposes, a persistent challenge has been the miscommunication between designers and constructors, even when they were part of the same organization. NCHRP Web-Only Document 388: Framework for Implementing Constructability Throughout Project Development from NEPA to Final Design, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, develops a decision-making framework that is scalable to all contract delivery methods and that complies with all environmental statutory requirements. Supplemental to the report are a technical memorandum, an adaptation guide for the framework toolkit, a full presentation, and an abridged presentation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Heitzman, Michael %E Rodezno, Carolina %E Leiva, Fabricio %E Gu, Fan %E Elkins, Gary %E Serigos, Pedro %T Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26219/investigating-the-relationship-of-as-constructed-asphalt-pavement-air-voids-to-pavement-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26219/investigating-the-relationship-of-as-constructed-asphalt-pavement-air-voids-to-pavement-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 209 %X Several controlled laboratory studies have shown that air voids (AV) can have a large effect on the performance of asphalt pavements. AVs that are either too high or too low can cause a reduction in pavement life.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 299: Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance determines the effect of in-place AVs on the performance of asphalt concrete (AC) pavements.The document also has supplemental appendices that are available by request to Ed Harrigan. They include data sets for LTPP, Pavement ME Design Validation, MnROAD Validation, and NCAT Validation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Karlsson, Joakim %E Allard, Scott %E Viswanathan, Rohit %E Furey, Robert %E McCredie, Jonathan %T Airport Capital Improvements: Developing a Cost-Estimating Model and Database %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22295/airport-capital-improvements-developing-a-cost-estimating-model-and-database %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22295/airport-capital-improvements-developing-a-cost-estimating-model-and-database %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web Only Document 18: Airport Capital Improvements: Developing a Cost-Estimating Model and Database describes the research process to develop and test a cost estimating model and database intended for use during airport capital planning. The guidebook and spreadsheet tool are available online. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Reassessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry %@ 978-0-309-69423-0 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26729/reassessment-of-the-department-of-veterans-affairs-airborne-hazards-and-open-burn-pit-registry %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26729/reassessment-of-the-department-of-veterans-affairs-airborne-hazards-and-open-burn-pit-registry %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 292 %X Beginning with the 1990–1991 Gulf War, more than 3.7 million U.S. service members have been deployed to Southwest Asia, where they have been exposed to a number of airborne hazards, including oil-well fire smoke, emissions from open burn pits, dust and sand, diesel exhaust, and poor-quality ambient air. Many service members, particularly those who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, have reported health problems they attribute to their exposure to emissions from open-air burn pits on military installations. In 2013, Congress directed the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain the Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit (AH&OBP) Registry to "ascertain and monitor" the health effects of such exposures. This report serves as a follow-up to an initial assessment of the AH&OBP Registry completed by an independent committee of the National Academies in 2017. This reassessment does not include any strength-of-the-evidence assessments of potential relationships between exposures to burn pits or airborne hazards and health effects. Rather, this report assesses the ability of the registry to fulfill the intended purposes that Congress and VA have specified for it. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lipscomb, Joseph %T Physician Staffing for the VA: Volume I %@ 978-0-309-04549-0 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1845/physician-staffing-for-the-va-volume-i %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1845/physician-staffing-for-the-va-volume-i %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 432 %X The Department of Veterans Affairs—the VA—operates the nation's largest and most diverse health care system. How many physicians does it need to carry out its principal mission-related responsibilities of patient care, education, and research? This book presents and demonstrates by concrete example a methodology to answer this basic, but extraordinarily complex, question. The heart of the methodology is a decision-making process in which both statistical and expert judgment approaches can be used separately or in concert to calculate the number of physicians required, by specialty, for any facility in the VA system. Although the analyses here focus entirely on the VA, the methodology could be used to determine physician staffing for a wide range of public and private sector health care organizations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tienda, Marta %E Mitchell, Faith %T Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies: Hispanics and the American Future %@ 978-0-309-09667-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11314/multiple-origins-uncertain-destinies-hispanics-and-the-american-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11314/multiple-origins-uncertain-destinies-hispanics-and-the-american-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 176 %X Given current demographic trends, nearly one in five U.S. residents will be of Hispanic origin by 2025. This major demographic shift and its implications for both the United States and the growing Hispanic population make Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies a most timely book. This report from the National Research Council describes how Hispanics are transforming the country as they disperse geographically. It considers their roles in schools, in the labor market, in the health care system, and in U.S. politics. The book looks carefully at the diverse populations encompassed by the term “Hispanic,” representing immigrants and their children and grandchildren from nearly two dozen Spanish-speaking countries. It describes the trajectory of the younger generations and established residents, and it projects long-term trends in population aging, social disparities, and social mobility that have shaped and will shape the Hispanic experience. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions %@ 978-0-309-45078-2 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23670/strengthening-data-science-methods-for-department-of-defense-personnel-and-readiness-missions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23670/strengthening-data-science-methods-for-department-of-defense-personnel-and-readiness-missions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Surveys and Statistics %P 164 %X The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel & Readiness), referred to throughout this report as P&R, is responsible for the total force management of all Department of Defense (DoD) components including the recruitment, readiness, and retention of personnel. Its work and policies are supported by a number of organizations both within DoD, including the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC), and externally, including the federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) that work for DoD. P&R must be able to answer questions for the Secretary of Defense such as how to recruit people with an aptitude for and interest in various specialties and along particular career tracks and how to assess on an ongoing basis service members' career satisfaction and their ability to meet new challenges. P&R must also address larger-scale questions, such as how the current realignment of forces to the Asia-Pacific area and other regions will affect recruitment, readiness, and retention. While DoD makes use of large-scale data and mathematical analysis in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and elsewhere—exploiting techniques such as complex network analysis, machine learning, streaming social media analysis, and anomaly detection—these skills and capabilities have not been applied as well to the personnel and readiness enterprise. Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions offers and roadmap and implementation plan for the integration of data analysis in support of decisions within the purview of P&R.