%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Learning to Think Spatially %@ 978-0-309-09208-1 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11019/learning-to-think-spatially %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11019/learning-to-think-spatially %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 332 %X Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of K–12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the K–12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cross, Christopher T. %E Woods, Taniesha A. %E Schweingruber, Heidi %T Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood: Paths Toward Excellence and Equity %@ 978-0-309-12806-3 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12519/mathematics-learning-in-early-childhood-paths-toward-excellence-and-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12519/mathematics-learning-in-early-childhood-paths-toward-excellence-and-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 398 %X Early childhood mathematics is vitally important for young children's present and future educational success. Research demonstrates that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Furthermore, young children enjoy their early informal experiences with mathematics. Unfortunately, many children's potential in mathematics is not fully realized, especially those children who are economically disadvantaged. This is due, in part, to a lack of opportunities to learn mathematics in early childhood settings or through everyday experiences in the home and in their communities. Improvements in early childhood mathematics education can provide young children with the foundation for school success. Relying on a comprehensive review of the research, Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood lays out the critical areas that should be the focus of young children's early mathematics education, explores the extent to which they are currently being incorporated in early childhood settings, and identifies the changes needed to improve the quality of mathematics experiences for young children. This book serves as a call to action to improve the state of early childhood mathematics. It will be especially useful for policy makers and practitioners-those who work directly with children and their families in shaping the policies that affect the education of young children. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Computer-Aided Materials Selection During Structural Design %@ 978-0-309-05193-4 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4829/computer-aided-materials-selection-during-structural-design %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4829/computer-aided-materials-selection-during-structural-design %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Industry and Labor %P 84 %X The selection of the proper materials for a structural component is a critical activity that is governed by many, often conflicting factors. Incorporating materials expert systems into CAD/CAM operations could assist designers by suggesting potential manufacturing processes for particular products to facilitate concurrent engineering, recommending various materials for a specific part based on a given set of characteristics, or proposing possible modifications of a design if suitable materials for a particular part do not exist. This book reviews the structural design process, determines the elements, and capabilities required for a materials selection expert system to assist design engineers, and recommends the areas of expert system and materials modeling research and development required to devise a materials-specific design system. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Distributed Geolibraries: Spatial Information Resources, Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-06540-5 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9460/distributed-geolibraries-spatial-information-resources-summary-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9460/distributed-geolibraries-spatial-information-resources-summary-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Computers and Information Technology %P 136 %X A distributed geolibrary is a vision for the future. It would permit users to quickly and easily obtain all existing information available about a place that is relevant to a defined need. It is modeled on the operations of a traditional library, updated to a digital networked world, and focused on something that has never been possible in the traditional library: the supply of information in response to a geographically defined need. It would integrate the resources of the Internet and the World Wide Web into a simple mechanism for searching and retrieving information relevant to a wide range of problems, including natural disasters, emergencies, community planning, and environmental quality. A geolibrary is a digital library filled with geoinformation-information associated with a distinct area or footprint on the Earth's surface-and for which the primary search mechanism is place. A geolibrary is distributed if its users, services, metadata, and information assets can be integrated among many distinct locations. This report presents the findings of the Workshop on Distributed Geolibraries: Spatial Information Resources, convened by the Mapping Science Committee of the National Research Council in June 1998. The report is a vision for distributed geolibraries, not a blueprint. Developing a distributed geolibrary involves a series of technical challenges as well as institutional and social issues, which are addressed relative to the vision. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences %@ 978-0-309-07254-0 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9975/grand-challenges-in-environmental-sciences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9975/grand-challenges-in-environmental-sciences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 106 %X Scientists have long sought to unravel the fundamental mysteries of the land, life, water, and air that surround us. But as the consequences of humanity’s impact on the planet become increasingly evident, governments are realizing the critical importance of understanding these environmental systems—and investing billions of dollars in research to do so. To identify high-priority environmental science projects, Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences explores the most important areas of research for the next generation. The book’s goal is not to list the world’s biggest environmental problems. Rather it is to determine areas of opportunity that—with a concerted investment—could yield significant new findings. Nominations for environmental science’s “grand” challenges were solicited from thousands of scientists worldwide. Based on their responses, eight major areas of focus were identified—areas that offer the potential for a major scientific breakthrough of practical importance to humankind, and that are feasible if given major new funding. The book further pinpoints four areas for immediate action and investment. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Twigg, Emily %T Atlantic Offshore Renewable Energy Development and Fisheries: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25062/atlantic-offshore-renewable-energy-development-and-fisheries-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25062/atlantic-offshore-renewable-energy-development-and-fisheries-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Agriculture %P 12 %X The development of offshore energy on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) is overseen by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). In support of its mission to conduct its activities in an environmentally and economically responsible way, BOEM engaged a steering committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to facilitate a workshop about the research and monitoring needed to assess potential impacts from offshore wind turbine installation and operation on fisheries on the Atlantic OCS. This activity is specifically focused on fisheries resources and is one part of a suite of efforts by BOEM to understand the potential impact of offshore renewable energy on the environment. The workshop was focused on southern New England, where several offshore wind leases are progressing toward construction. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise: Determining When Noise Causes Biologically Significant Effects %@ 978-0-309-09449-8 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11147/marine-mammal-populations-and-ocean-noise-determining-when-noise-causes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11147/marine-mammal-populations-and-ocean-noise-determining-when-noise-causes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 142 %X Attention has been drawn to the subject of how ocean noise affects marine mammals by a series of marine mammal strandings, lawsuits, and legislative hearings, and most recently, the report from the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. One way to assess the impact of ocean noise is to consider whether it causes changes in animal behavior that are "biologically significant," that is, those that affect an animal's ability to grow, survive, and reproduce. This report offers a conceptual model designed to clarify which marine mammal behaviors are biologically significant for conservation purposes. The report is intended to help scientists and policymakers interpret provisions of the federal Marine Mammal Protection Act. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Building and Fire Research Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2008 %@ 978-0-309-12734-9 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12498/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-building-and-fire-research-laboratory %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12498/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-building-and-fire-research-laboratory %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 48 %X A panel of experts appointed by the National Research Council assessed the scientific and technical work of the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The scope of the assessment included the following criteria: (1) the technical merit of the current laboratory programs relative to the current state of the art worldwide; (2) the adequacy of the laboratory facilities, equipment, and human resources, as they affect the quality of the laboratory technical programs; and (3) the degree to which the laboratory programs in measurement science and standards achieve their stated objectives and desired impact. The book finds that, overall the technical merit of the programs reviewed within the BFRL is very high and generally at a state-of-the-art level. The programs have clear ties to the overall BFRL Strategic Priority Areas and are well aligned with the mission of NIST, which is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Millett, Lynette I. %E Estrin, Deborah L. %T Computing Research for Sustainability %@ 978-0-309-25758-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13415/computing-research-for-sustainability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13415/computing-research-for-sustainability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 172 %X A broad and growing literature describes the deep and multidisciplinary nature of the sustainability challenges faced by the United States and the world. Despite the profound technical challenges involved, sustainability is not, at its root, a technical problem, nor will merely technical solutions be sufficient. Instead, deep economic, political, and cultural adjustments will ultimately be required, along with a major, long-term commitment in each sphere to deploy the requisite technical solutions at scale. Nevertheless, technological advances and enablers have a clear role in supporting such change, and information technology (IT) is a natural bridge between technical and social solutions because it can offer improved communication and transparency for fostering the necessary economic, political, and cultural adjustments. Moreover, IT is at the heart of nearly every large-scale socioeconomic system-including systems for finance, manufacturing, and the generation and distribution of energy-and so sustainability-focused changes in those systems are inextricably linked with advances in IT. The focus of Computing Research for Sustainability is "greening through IT," the application of computing to promote sustainability broadly. The aim of this report is twofold: to shine a spotlight on areas where IT innovation and computer science (CS) research can help, and to urge the computing research community to bring its approaches and methodologies to bear on these pressing global challenges. Computing Research for Sustainability focuses on addressing medium- and long-term challenges in a way that would have significant, measurable impact. The findings and recommended principles of the Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability concern four areas: (1) the relevance of IT and CS to sustainability; (2) the value of the CS approach to problem solving, particularly as it pertains to sustainability challenges; (3) key CS research areas; and (4) strategy and pragmatic approaches for CS research on sustainability. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Estimating Water Use in the United States: A New Paradigm for the National Water-Use Information Program %@ 978-0-309-08483-3 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10484/estimating-water-use-in-the-united-states-a-new-paradigm %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10484/estimating-water-use-in-the-united-states-a-new-paradigm %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 190 %X Across the United States, the practices for collecting water use data vary significantly from state to state and vary also from one water use category to another, in response to the laws regulating water use and interest in water use data as an input for water management. However, many rich bodies of water use data exist at the state level, and an outstanding opportunity exists for assembling and statistically analyzing these data at the national level. This would lead to better techniques for water use estimation and to a greater capacity to link water use with its impact on water resources.This report is a product of the Committee on Water Resources Research, which provides consensus advice to the Water Resources Division (WRD) of the USGS on scientific, research, and programmatic issues. The committee works under the auspices of the Water Science and Technology Board of the National Research Council (NRC). The committee considers a variety of topics that are important scientifically and programmatically to the USGS and the nation and issues reports when appropriate. This report concerns the National Water-Use Information Program (NWUIP). %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nassereddine, Hala %E Ramadan, Bassam %E Li, Ying %E Sturgill, Roy %E Patel, Parshva %T Practices for the Collection, Use, and Management of Utility As-Built Information %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27034/practices-for-the-collection-use-and-management-of-utility-as-built-information %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27034/practices-for-the-collection-use-and-management-of-utility-as-built-information %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 102 %X As-builts, inclusive of utility as-builts—which are the recorded representation of the built or maintained infrastructure and show the actual location, dimensions, geometry, and other attributes of the work as completed—can provide a baseline for new design projects by providing information on current transportation infrastructure and other facilities such as underground and overhead utilities.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 600: Practices for the Collection, Use, and Management of Utility As-Built Information aims to document current state departments of transportation practices related to utility as-built data collection, use, and management. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Walsh, Amanda %E Gallaher, Michael %E Fein-Smolinski, Benjamin %T Evaluation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Connections %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26634/evaluation-of-ultra-high-performance-concrete-connections %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26634/evaluation-of-ultra-high-performance-concrete-connections %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 48 %X Beginning in 2019, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requested that TRB be directly involved in managing evaluations of selected projects undertaken by the agency. The TRB Cooperative Research Program's CRP Special Release 3: Evaluation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Connections presents an evaluation of the UHPC Research and Development Program. UHPC is used in highway bridges, particularly for bridge-deck-level connections for prefabricated bridge elements. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Geospatial Information Infrastructure for Transportation Organizations %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22065/geospatial-information-infrastructure-for-transportation-organizations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22065/geospatial-information-infrastructure-for-transportation-organizations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB Conference Proceedings 31: Geospatial Information Infrastructure for Transportation Organizations -- Toward a Foundation for Improved Decision Making summarizes the importance of geospatial information in decision making and the committee’s recommendations resulting from three workshops held in 2002. Also included are selected current practices, trends in decision-making tools, and a detailed discussion of the committee’s findings and recommendations related to geospatial information infrastructure. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Research Opportunities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey %@ 978-0-309-08516-8 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10486/research-opportunities-in-geography-at-the-us-geological-survey %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10486/research-opportunities-in-geography-at-the-us-geological-survey %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 144 %X Research Opportunities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides perspective and guidance to the geography discipline about its future research and strategic directions. The report makes specific recommendations about scientific research priorities and partnerships within and outside the agency, and outlines a long-term core research agenda for the USGS. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Geographic Information Systems Applications in Transit %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23342/geographic-information-systems-applications-in-transit %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23342/geographic-information-systems-applications-in-transit %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 70 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 55: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Applications in Transit examines the value of GIS to transit agencies in service and cost savings. The synthesis summarizes the experiences of a variety of transit agencies, with information from small- and medium-sized transit operators, as well as from large transit agencies. It documents current practices, effective applications, and challenges. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Quality and Accuracy of Positional Data in Transportation %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21953/quality-and-accuracy-of-positional-data-in-transportation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21953/quality-and-accuracy-of-positional-data-in-transportation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 506: Quality and Accuracy of Positional Data in Transportation presents guidance for practitioners on the use of positional, or spatial, data in Geographic Information Systems for transportation applications.Supporting Software-GIS Error Model %0 Book %T Forum on NOAA's National Spatial Reference System %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9082/forum-on-noaas-national-spatial-reference-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9082/forum-on-noaas-national-spatial-reference-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 72 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Pavement Management Applications Using Geographic Information Systems %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23344/pavement-management-applications-using-geographic-information-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23344/pavement-management-applications-using-geographic-information-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 65 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 335: Pavement Management Applications Using Geographic Information Systems examines the state of the practice and knowledge of pavement management systems (PMS) using geographic information systems (GIS) and other spatial technologies, and discusses how the technologies have been combined to enhance the highway management process. The synthesis reviews the principal issues related to PMS data collection, integration, management, and dissemination; applications of spatial technologies for map generation and PMS spatial analysis; and implementation-related issues, including approaches used for integrating PMS and GIS and the different tools used to support pavement management decisions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Tools and Methods for Estimating Populations at Risk from Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Crises %@ 978-0-309-10354-1 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11895/tools-and-methods-for-estimating-populations-at-risk-from-natural-disasters-and-complex-humanitarian-crises %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11895/tools-and-methods-for-estimating-populations-at-risk-from-natural-disasters-and-complex-humanitarian-crises %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Earth Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 264 %X Worldwide, millions of people are displaced annually because of natural or industrial disasters or social upheaval. Reliable data on the numbers, characteristics, and locations of these populations can bolster humanitarian relief efforts and recovery programs. Using sound methods for estimating population numbers and characteristics is important for both industrialized and developing nations. Ensuring that the data are geographically referenced for projection onto maps is essential. However, good data alone are insufficient. Adequate staff training and strong organizational and political desire to maintain and use the information are also required. Tools and Methods for Estimating Populations at Risk from Natural Disasters and Complex Humanitarian Crises, reviews the main methods and tools for making estimates of subnational populations and makes several recommendations to improve the collection and the use of population data for emergency response and development. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Future of Spatial Data and Society: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-05735-6 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5581/the-future-of-spatial-data-and-society-summary-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5581/the-future-of-spatial-data-and-society-summary-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 80 %X Public and private institutions are committing resources and making important long-term decisions concerning the collection, management, and use of spatial data. Although these actions are influenced by current pressures, priorities, and opportunities, their ultimate success depends on how these spatial data activities will be relevant to future needs and demands. The Mapping Science Committee, in cooperation with the Federal Geographic Data Committee, convened a workshop in April 1996 to examine societal and technological changes that might occur within the next 15 years. The purpose was to consider within the context of spatial data activities a series of long-term visions and to identify societal forces and changes that would make those visions more or less likely. The workshop provided a framework for thinking about the future of U.S. spatial data activities.