TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces: Letter Report DO - 10.17226/12897 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12897/national-security-implications-of-climate-change-for-us-naval-forces PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The leaders of the U.S. Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps have recognized the potential impact of climate change on naval forces' missions and have positioned their organizations to make adaptive changes. This report is the first component of a study to assess the implications of climate change for the U.S. Naval Services. Specifically, this report highlights issues that could have potential near-term impacts, impose a need for near-term awareness, or require near-term planning to ensure that longer-term naval capabilities are protected. The final report of this study will address all of the elements in the study's terms of reference and explore many potential implications of climate change not covered in this letter report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - A Review of the Florida Keys Carrying Capacity Study SN - DO - 10.17226/10316 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10316/a-review-of-the-florida-keys-carrying-capacity-study PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Nearly thirty years ago the Florida Keys were designated as an Area of Critical State Concern. The state recognized that Monroe County contained many valuable natural, environmental, historical, and economic resources that required thoughtful management. In 1996, as a result of many years of discussion, negotiation, and litigation, the Florida Administration Commission issued an Executive Order requiring the preparation of a "carrying capacity analysis" for the Florida Keys. To fulfill this requirement, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Florida Department of Community Affairs jointly sponsored the Florida Keys Carrying Capacity Study (FKCCS). The key component of this study is a carrying capacity analysis model (CCAM) that provides a technical tool for state and local jurisdictions to "determine the ability of the Florida Keys ecosystem, and the various segments thereof, to withstand all impacts of additional land development activities."This National Research Council (NRC) report provides a critical review of the Florida Keys Carrying Capacity Study: Test Carrying Capacity Analysis Model, First Draft, hereafter referred to as the Draft CCAM. This independent review offers critical commentary in order to assist the sponsors and contractors in making final adjustments to their report and the Carrying Capacity Analysis Model. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council TI - Electricity from Renewable Resources: Status, Prospects, and Impediments SN - DO - 10.17226/12619 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12619/electricity-from-renewable-resources-status-prospects-and-impediments PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - A component in the America's Energy Future study, Electricity from Renewable Resources examines the technical potential for electric power generation with alternative sources such as wind, solar-photovoltaic, geothermal, solar-thermal, hydroelectric, and other renewable sources. The book focuses on those renewable sources that show the most promise for initial commercial deployment within 10 years and will lead to a substantial impact on the U.S. energy system. A quantitative characterization of technologies, this book lays out expectations of costs, performance, and impacts, as well as barriers and research and development needs. In addition to a principal focus on renewable energy technologies for power generation, the book addresses the challenges of incorporating such technologies into the power grid, as well as potential improvements in the national electricity grid that could enable better and more extensive utilization of wind, solar-thermal, solar photovoltaics, and other renewable technologies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper TI - Community-Based Health Literacy Interventions: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24917 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24917/community-based-health-literacy-interventions-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In its landmark report, Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion, the Institute of Medicine noted that there are 90 million adults in the United States with limited health literacy who cannot fully benefit from what the health and health care systems have to offer. Since the release of that report, health literacy has become a vibrant research field that has developed and disseminated a wide range of tools and practices that have helped organizations, ranging in size from large health care systems to individual health care providers and pharmacists, to engage in health literate discussions with and provide health literate materials for patients and family members. Improving the health literacy of organizations can be an important component of addressing the social determinants of health and achieving the triple aim of improving the patient experience, improving the health of populations, and reducing the cost of care. However, the focus on organizations does not address the larger issue of how to improve health literacy across the U.S. population. To get a better understanding of the state of community-based health literacy interventions, the Roundtable on Health Literacy hosted a workshop on July 19, 2017 on community-based health literacy interventions. It featured examples of community-based health literacy programs, discussions on how to evaluate such programs, and the actions the field can take to embrace this larger view of health literacy. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Approach to Evaluate the Effects of Concomitant Prescribing of Opioids and Benzodiazepines on Veteran Deaths and Suicides SN - DO - 10.17226/25532 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25532/an-approach-to-evaluate-the-effects-of-concomitant-prescribing-of-opioids-and-benzodiazepines-on-veteran-deaths-and-suicides PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Opioid prescriptions for acute and chronic pain increased dramatically from the late 1990s into the current decade in both the civilian and the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense treatment environments. Similarly, prescriptions for benzodiazepines also increased significantly for anxiety and insomnia. Combinations of opioid and benzodiazepines have proven fatal when taken concurrently, with research demonstrating this phenomenon for nearly 40 years. This issue is exacerbated within the veteran population because of higher rates of pain, anxiety and other related health issues due to military life. An evaluation of the relationship between opioid and benzodiazepine medication practices at the VA is necessary to improve treatment for mental health and combat-related trauma for veterans. An Approach to Evaluate the Effects of Concomitant Prescribing of Opioids and Benzodiazepines on Veteran Deaths and Suicides investigates the effects of opioid initiation and tapering strategies in the presence of benzodiazepines in veterans. This report explores neurobiology and the principles of addiction and tolerance, in addition to the current use of opioids and benzodiazepines for treating pain and anxiety in both the veteran and general population. It also provides a protocol to evaluate the relationship between opioid and benzodiazepine medication practices. This framework is a critical foundation for further research to improve concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine medication practices for veterans and the general population. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jocelyn Widmer TI - Innovations in Investing in Young Children Globally: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/24679 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24679/innovations-in-investing-in-young-children-globally-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally, in partnership with the Jacobs Foundation, the Institute for Human Development at Aga Khan University, and the Bernard van Leer Foundation, convened its ninth and final workshop
in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, on October 20–21, 2016, to explore topics related to innovations in investing in young children globally. During the course of the 2-day workshop, researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, industry partners, funders, and other experts came together to highlight innovative research, policy, business models, and implementation strategies occurring in West Africa and around the world that positively affect investments made in young children. Innovations ranged from prioritizing the needs of children in national agendas
to unique partnerships that enable services to reach children in remote contexts. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jorge G. Zornberg, Amr M. Morsy, Behdad Mofarraj Kouchaki, Barry Christopher, Dov Leshchinsky, Jie Han, Burak F. Tanyu, Fitsum T. Gebremariam, Panpan Shen, and Yan Jiang TI - Proposed Refinements to Design Procedures for Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Structures in AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications DO - 10.17226/25416 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25416/proposed-refinements-to-design-procedures-for-geosynthetic-reinforced-soil-grs-structures-in-aashto-lrfd-bridge-design-specifications PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 260: Proposed Refinements to Design Procedures for Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Structures in AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications explores the effect of adopting a closely‐spaced reinforcement layout in geosynthetic‐reinforced soil structures.While research since the early 1980s has identified the beneficial effect of closely‐spaced reinforcement in reinforced soil structures, such improvement in performance is not accounted for in the simplified methodologies established by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.Considering the effect of closely‐spaced reinforcement may be particularly relevant in critical structures, such as load‐carrying geosynthetic‐reinforced MSE (GMSE) bridge abutments, which eliminate the use of deep foundations to support the bridge loads. In fact, the adoption of closely‐spaced reinforcement was identified as being particularly relevant for these type of structures, leading to specific design guidelines developed by FHWA for structures that became identified as Geosynthetic‐Reinforced Soil Integrated Bridge System, or GRS‐IBS. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Statewide Travel Forecasting Models DO - 10.17226/13958 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13958/statewide-travel-forecasting-models PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 358: Statewide Travel Forecasting Models examines statewide travel forecasting models designed to address planning needs and provide forecasts for statewide transportation, including passenger vehicle and freight movements. The report explores the types and purposes of models being used, integration of state and urban models, data requirements, computer needs, resources (including time, funding, training, and staff), limitations, and overall benefits. The report includes five case studies, two that focus on passenger components, two on freight components, and one on both passenger and freight. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Research Council TI - Review of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Restructured Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway Feasibility Study: Second Report SN - DO - 10.17226/11109 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11109/review-of-the-us-army-corps-of-engineers-restructured-upper-mississippi-river-illinois-waterway-feasibility-study PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - For the past few years, the Corps has been working on what is known as the Restructured Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway Feasibility Study, the heart of which is a multibillion-dollar proposal to double the length of up to a dozen locks on the river. The Research Council first reviewed the feasibility study in 2001 during controversies over the accuracy of models being used by the Corps to justify lock expansion based on increased demand for barge transportation. More than 100 million tons of cargo--half of it grain destined for international markets, the other half goods such as construction materials, coal, and chemicals--are shipped along the navigation system each year. The locks, which along with dams allow barges to traverse uneven river depths, were originally designed for "tows" of barges up to 600 feet long, but the length of a typical tow has increased, forcing the Corps to look for ways to relieve congestion. The book finds the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has made good progress in broadening its proposed plan for navigation improvements on the Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway system to give greater consideration to ecological restoration. However, the plan still does not provide sufficient economic justification for expanding locks on the rivers because of flaws in the models the Corps used to predict demand for barge transportation. Little attention is paid to inexpensive, nonstructural navigation improvements that could help better manage existing levels of barge traffic. The revised plan has been usefully expanded to include many creative and potentially useful ecosystem restoration measures. These measures, however, should be more firmly grounded in river science principles and more broadly consider ways the river's ecology might affect or be affected by navigation, recreation and other uses. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Reinventing the Urban Interstate: A New Paradigm for Multimodal Corridors DO - 10.17226/14579 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14579/reinventing-the-urban-interstate-a-new-paradigm-for-multimodal-corridors PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 145: Reinventing the Urban Interstate: A New Paradigm for Multimodal Corridors presents strategies for planning, designing, building, and operating multimodal corridors—freeways and high-capacity transit lines running parallel in the same travel corridors. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Christine Coussens A2 - Rose Marie Martinez TI - Health Impact Assessment of Shale Gas Extraction: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18376 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18376/health-impact-assessment-of-shale-gas-extraction-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Natural gas extraction from shale formations, which includes hydraulic fracturing, is increasingly in the news as the use of extraction technologies has expanded, rural communities have been transformed seemingly overnight, public awareness has increased, and regulations have been developed. The governmental public health system, which retains primary responsibility for health, was not an early participant in discussions about shale gas extraction; thus public health is lacking critical information about environmental health impacts of these technologies and is limited in its ability to address concerns raised by regulators at the federal and state levels, communities, and workers employed in the shale gas extraction industry. Health Impact Assessment of Shale Gas Extraction is the summary of a workshop convened in 2012 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine to discuss the human health impact of shale gas extraction through the lens of a health impact assessment. Eminent scientists, physicians, public health experts, and representatives from government agencies at federal and state levels, from nongovernment organizations, from the business sector, and from interest groups representing the interests of the citizens met to exchange ideas and to inform on hydraulic fracturing as a means of extraction of natural gas. This report examines the state of the science regarding shale gas extraction, the direct and indirect environmental health impacts of shale gas extraction, and the use of health impact assessment as a tool that can help decision makers identify the public health consequences of shale gas extraction. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Long-Term Infrastructure Program Letter Report: January 27, 2023 DO - 10.17226/26882 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26882/long-term-infrastructure-program-letter-report-january-27-2023 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - A January 31, 2023 letter report from TRB's Committee for the Review of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Infrastructure R&D Program's Long-Term Infrastructure Program (LTIP) summarizes recent program progress, strategic issues, and committee recommendations for future actions. The program has produced some useful products and results over the past year. Although FHWA’s infrastructure research and development is considerably broader than the LTIP, the latter is the sole focus of this committee’s efforts. The LTIP collects long-term performance data on the condition of bridges and pavements that are valuable for guiding decisions regarding the maintenance, repair, and replacement of vital transportation infrastructure assets. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Michael Greene TI - The Future of Personal Transport in China: Summary of a Symposium, January 12, 2001 DO - 10.17226/10214 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10214/the-future-of-personal-transport-in-china-summary-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - AB - In August 1999 a delegation from the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) visited The National Academies in Washington to discuss opportunities for collaboration on a study of the future of personal use vehicles in China. Barely motorized at present, China is confronted with the prospect of a massive increase in demand for automobiles. This is a summary of the first meeting of the Committee on the Future of Personal Use Vehicles in China, where the committee invited a group of experts to join some members of the committee to review the issues surrounding rapid motorization in China and the world experience in confronting similar problems in other countries. This symposium was designed to serve as the initial technical presentation to the committee and enabled some of the more difficult issues to be introduced by non-member experts in a setting outside of the committee room where they would be debated. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council TI - Second Report of the National Academy of Engineering/National Research Council Committee on New Orleans Regional Hurricane Protection Projects DO - 10.17226/11668 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11668/second-report-of-the-national-academy-of-engineeringnational-research-council-committee-on-new-orleans-regional-hurricane-protection-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Lynn Goldman A2 - Abigail Mitchell A2 - Margie Patlak TI - Review of the Proposal for the Gulf Long-Term Follow-Up Study: Highlights from the September 2010 Workshop: Workshop Report SN - DO - 10.17226/13025 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13025/review-of-the-proposal-for-the-gulf-long-term-follow-up-study PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The Gulf of Mexico oil spill is unprecedented not only in its size but also in the use of chemical dispersants and controlled burns to remove the oil. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is designing a study to investigate the health effects on clean-up workers. The IOM held a workshop to review and comment on NIEHS'o;s study protocol. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - W. D. Nowlin, Jr. TI - Physical Oceanography for the Year 2000 DO - 10.17226/19178 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19178/physical-oceanography-for-the-year-2000 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Disposition of the Air Force Health Study SN - DO - 10.17226/11590 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11590/disposition-of-the-air-force-health-study PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Vietnam War was fought in a jungle environment that provided cover to the enemy and made battlefield observations difficult, so military strategists used herbicides to remove foliage along key roads and waterways, defoliate areas surrounding enemy bases and supply and communications routes, and improve visibility in heavily canopied forests. The last three decades have seen an ongoing debate about the effects of this military use of herbicides and the potential adverse long-term health effects on those who may have been exposed to these herbicides. In response to these concerns, the Air Force Health Study (AFHS) was created to investigate the potential relationship between the herbicides used and the health problems of those exposed. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study assesses the scientific merit of the AFHS operations and procedures, and makes recommendations for improvement. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Alexandra Beatty A2 - Lynn W. Paine A2 - Francisco O. Ramirez TI - Next Steps for TIMSS: Directions for Secondary Analysis SN - DO - 10.17226/6433 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6433/next-steps-for-timss-directions-for-secondary-analysis PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Now that the initial results of The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) have been released, the Board on International Comparative Studies in Education (BICSE) has turned its attention to what happens next. The TIMSS data are potentially useful to researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and others interested in evidence regarding factors that influence student learning. But although the study has produced a remarkable volume of intriguing data, it is by no means complete. Scholarly review of the initial data, evaluations of claims based on the data, and follow-up secondary analysis based on the primary findings are all integral parts of a study of this magnitude, but the bulk of this very important work has not yet begun. Because of the board's serious concern that this necessary work has not been undertaken, or funded, it held a workshop on June 17 and 18, 1998, to explore different perspectives on possible next steps. The workshop was an invaluable opportunity for the board to explore issues and questions it has addressed over the years and to solidify its thinking about many of them. Because the board is convinced of the importance of moving forward with the TIMSS data, it presents in this report both recommendations as to what ought to be done and many of the innovative specific ideas that emerged from the workshop. These recommendations reflect the board's conviction, based on its many years of involvement with and deliberations about TIMSS, that this study is an extremely rich resource for the policy, scholarly, and practice communities, and that all of these groups have a responsibility to take full advantage of it. The recommendations and discussion in this report are intended to assist both researchers and funders who are considering further work with TIMSS, and a broader audience of researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and others who have followed the TIMSS results and are eager to use them. This report is, in a sense, the culmination of many years of effort for the board. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Identification of Results-Oriented Public Involvement Strategies Between Transportation Agencies and Native American Tribal Communities DO - 10.17226/22878 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22878/identification-of-results-oriented-public-involvement-strategies-between-transportation-agencies-and-native-american-tribal-communities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 171: Identification of Results-Oriented Public Involvement Strategies Between Transportation Agencies and Native American Tribal Communities documents the project that led to development of NCHRP Report 690.NCHRP Report 690: A Guidebook for Successful Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination Strategies Between Transportation Agencies and Tribal Communities includes guidelines designed to help departments of transportation and tribal communities work together to achieve successful transportation projects on tribal lands.NCHRP Report 690 explores a wide range of issues and topics to be considered and offers a flexible approach that can be adapted to most situations. The report also includes case studies to illustrate successful practices. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - David Newcomb A2 - Edith Arámbula-Mercado A2 - Amy Epps Martin A2 - Mengge Yuan A2 - Nam Tran A2 - Fan Yin TI - Field Verification of Proposed Changes to the AASHTO R 30 Procedures for Laboratory Conditioning of Asphalt Mixtures DO - 10.17226/25608 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25608/field-verification-of-proposed-changes-to-the-aashto-r-30-procedures-for-laboratory-conditioning-of-asphalt-mixtures PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Laboratory conditioning of asphalt mixtures during the mix design process to simulate their short-term aging influences the selection of the optimum asphalt content. In addition, long-term conditioning affects the mixture and binder stiffness, deformation, and strength evaluated with fundamental characterization tests to assess mixture performance. The current standard conditioning procedure, AASHTO R 30, Standard Practice for Mixture Conditioning of Hot-Mix Asphalt, was developed over two decades ago.In reviewing whether to update the standard, TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 919: Field Verification of Proposed Changes to the AASHTO R 30 Procedures for Laboratory Conditioning of Asphalt Mixtures seeks to (a) develop a laboratory short-term aging protocol to simulate the aging and asphalt absorption of an asphalt mixture during production and transportation based on factors thought to affect aging, and (b) develop a laboratory longer-term aging protocol to simulate the aging of the asphalt mixtures after construction.The key outcome of the research is that the current long-term oven aging (LTOA) procedure in AASHTO R 30 is not realistic. Replacing the aging of a compacted specimen with aging of loose mix for 5 days at 85°C (185°F) before compaction for testing should be considered by the AASHTO Committee on Materials and Pavements. ER -