TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth Ellis A2 - Heather Menninger A2 - Roy Glauthier A2 - Valerie Sedig A2 - Beth Hamby A2 - Holly Chase A2 - Jason Quan A2 - Bennett Powell TI - Community Tools to Improve Transportation Options for Veterans, Military Service Members, and Their Families DO - 10.17226/22418 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22418/community-tools-to-improve-transportation-options-for-veterans-military-service-members-and-their-families PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 164: Community Tools to Improve Transportation Options for Veterans, Military Service Members, and Their Families explores ways to enhance transportation options for veterans, military service members, and their families by building on the concepts of transportation coordination and mobility management.The report provides guidance and tools to assess transportation needs of veterans, service members, and their families and ways to potentially improve public transit, specialized transportation, volunteer services, and other local transportation options needed to meet those needs.The report includes foundational information on community transportation services and initiatives currently available for veterans, service members, and their families. The report is designed to guide users through an organized process to help improve transportation options, building on the framework of coordination. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Patrick Son A2 - Carrie S. Long A2 - Ashwini Karanth A2 - Laurie Matkowski A2 - Todd Szymkowski A2 - Robert Brydia A2 - Margaret Fowler A2 - Beverly Storey A2 - Pat Noyes TI - Integrating Traffic Incident Management and Connected, Automated Technology Communities: A Guide for Communicating and Connecting DO - 10.17226/27654 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27654/integrating-traffic-incident-management-and-connected-automated-technology-communities-a-guide-for-communicating-and-connecting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - As vehicle technology advances, Traffic Incident Management (TIM) and emergency responders (ERs) are facing unprecedented circumstances in knowing how to engage with and respond to connected, automated vehicles (CAV). Uncertainty is complicated by limited communications and information exchanged between CAV developers, TIM, and ERs. NCHRP Research Report 1104: Integrating Traffic Incident Management and Connected, Automated Technology Communities: A Guide for Communicating and Connecting, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, aims to provide the resources to foster active collaboration and connection between CAV developers, TIM, ERs. The guide serves to equip ERs and members of the TIM community with the information, tools, and communication products to effectively engage CAV developers, CAV technologies, and the broader CAV industry. Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 395: Impacts of Connected, AutomatedVehicle Technologies on Traffic Incident Management Response. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Karen J. Alexander A2 - Catherine Heady A2 - Martin Balcazar A2 - Ryan Walsh TI - Inclusive Virtual Public Involvement for Public Transit DO - 10.17226/27106 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27106/inclusive-virtual-public-involvement-for-public-transit PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Virtual public engagement can be a more inclusive and equitable way to engage with communities, but it is important to consider the digital divide and use a variety of approaches and tools to reach all community members. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, transit agencies had limited virtual communication tools. However, the pandemic encouraged agencies to adopt new virtual strategies and practices.TCRP Research Report 241: Inclusive Virtual Public Involvement for Public Transit, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, is designed to assist public transit agencies to enhance public engagement by more effectively using virtual tools and strategies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - James N. Weinstein A2 - Amy Geller A2 - Yamrot Negussie A2 - Alina Baciu TI - Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity SN - DO - 10.17226/24624 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24624/communities-in-action-pathways-to-health-equity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Advancing Strategic Science: A Spatial Data Infrastructure Roadmap for the U.S. Geological Survey SN - DO - 10.17226/13506 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13506/advancing-strategic-science-a-spatial-data-infrastructure-roadmap-for-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Science is increasingly driven by data, and spatial data underpin the science directions laid out in the 2007 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science Strategy. A robust framework of spatial data, metadata, tools, and a user community that is interactively connected to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way--known as a spatial data infrastructure (SDI)--must be available for scientists and managers to find, use, and share spatial data both within and beyond the USGS. Over the last decade, the USGS has conducted breakthrough research that has overcome some of the challenges associated with implementing a large SDI. Advancing Strategic Science: A Spatial Data Infrastructure Roadmap for the U.S. Geological Survey is intended to ground those efforts by providing a practical roadmap to full implementation of an SDI to enable the USGS to conduct strategic science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future SN - DO - 10.17226/13446 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13446/transforming-glycoscience-a-roadmap-for-the-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - A new focus on glycoscience, a field that explores the structures and functions of sugars, promises great advances in areas as diverse as medicine, energy generation, and materials science, this report finds. Glycans—also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or simply as sugars—play central roles in many biological processes and have properties useful in an array of applications. However, glycans have received little attention from the research community due to a lack of tools to probe their often complex structures and properties. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future presents a roadmap for transforming glycoscience from a field dominated by specialists to a widely studied and integrated discipline, which could lead to a more complete understanding of glycans and help solve key challenges in diverse fields. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Adam Blair A2 - Cecilia Viggiano A2 - Glen Weisbrod A2 - Dilara Sisman A2 - Brett Piercy A2 - Tess Ruderman A2 - Carrie Kissel A2 - Rachel Beyerle A2 - Susan Moses TI - Access to Jobs, Economic Opportunities, and Education in Rural Areas DO - 10.17226/27229 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27229/access-to-jobs-economic-opportunities-and-education-in-rural-areas PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Rural areas face unique challenges in providing connectivity and access to essential goods and services, including but not limited to jobs, education, health care, and social services. NCHRP Research Report 1059: Access to Jobs, Economic Opportunities, and Education in Rural Areas, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents a guide to defining and addressing the unique accessibility challenges in rural communities. Supplemental to the report are decision-support tools that can be used to facilitate agency assessment of accessibility needs within their service jurisdictions and to recommend methods for addressing accessibility needs in a decision-making context and an implementation plan that describes expected challenges and opportunities in the implementation of research findings. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kari Edison Watkins A2 - Yanzhi Xu A2 - Susan Bregman A2 - Kathryn Coffel TI - Use of Web-Based Rider Feedback to Improve Public Transit Services DO - 10.17226/22134 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22134/use-of-web-based-rider-feedback-to-improve-public-transit-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 179: Use of Web-Based Rider Feedback to Improve Public Transit Services provides toolkit of practices, emerging platforms, and promising approaches for customer web-based and electronic feedback to help improve public transit services. Part I of the report identifies promising practices among transit agencies and other industries using in-house or third-party web-based and mobile platforms. These mobile platforms are meant to engage customers and provide guidance on managing web-based feedback. Part II includes a Tool Selection Guide to assist transit agencies with selecting a web-based feedback tool based on their needs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Refining the Concept of Scientific Inference When Working with Big Data: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/23616 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23616/refining-the-concept-of-scientific-inference-when-working-with-big-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Big Data – broadly considered as datasets whose size, complexity, and heterogeneity preclude conventional approaches to storage and analysis – continues to generate interest across many scientific domains in both the public and private sectors. However, analyses of large heterogeneous datasets can suffer from unidentified bias, misleading correlations, and increased risk of false positives. In order for the proliferation of data to produce new scientific discoveries, it is essential that the statistical models used for analysis support reliable, reproducible inference. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to discuss how scientific inference should be applied when working with large, complex datasets. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jane S. Durch A2 - Linda A. Bailey A2 - Michael A. Stoto TI - Improving Health in the Community: A Role for Performance Monitoring SN - DO - 10.17226/5298 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5298/improving-health-in-the-community-a-role-for-performance-monitoring PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Dam and Levee Safety and Community Resilience: A Vision for Future Practice SN - DO - 10.17226/13393 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13393/dam-and-levee-safety-and-community-resilience-a-vision-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Although advances in engineering can reduce the risk of dam and levee failure, some failures will still occur. Such events cause impacts on social and physical infrastructure that extend far beyond the flood zone. Broadening dam and levee safety programs to consider community- and regional-level priorities in decision making can help reduce the risk of, and increase community resilience to, potential dam and levee failures. Collaboration between dam and levee safety professionals at all levels, persons and property owners at direct risk, members of the wider economy, and the social and environmental networks in a community would allow all stakeholders to understand risks, shared needs, and opportunities, and make more informed decisions related to dam and levee infrastructure and community resilience. Dam and Levee Safety and Community Resilience: A Vision for Future Practice explains that fundamental shifts in safety culture will be necessary to integrate the concepts of resilience into dam and levee safety programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anna Nicholson A2 - Claire Giammaria A2 - Justin Snair TI - Preparing for a Rapid Response to Major Marine Oil Spills: Protecting and Assessing the Health and Well-Being of Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/24924 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24924/preparing-for-a-rapid-response-to-major-marine-oil-spills PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - On August 2–3, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Preparing for a Rapid Response to Major Offshore Oil Spills: A Workshop on Research Needs to Protect the Health and Well-Being of Communities. Its objectives were to explore research needs and other opportunities for improving public health preparedness, response, and protection related to oil spills; consider how to work within and how to complement the existing oil spill response framework to improve the protection of community health and well-being; to inform discussions about how the Gulf Research Program and other divisions of the National Academies can support these efforts; and to foster connections among public health, oil spill practitioners, disaster research communities, and leaders from communities affected by oil spills. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Frances Johnson A2 - Lynette I. Millett TI - Recoverability as a First-Class Security Objective: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25240 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25240/recoverability-as-a-first-class-security-objective-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - The Forum on Cyber Resilience of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the Workshop on Recoverability as a First-Class Security Objective on February 8, 2018, in Washington, D.C. The workshop featured presentations from several experts in industry, research, and government roles who spoke about the complex facets of recoverability—that is, the ability to restore normal operations and security in a system affected by software or hardware failure or a deliberate attack. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Priority Issues of Access to Research Resources -- Letter Report DO - 10.17226/9707 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9707/priority-issues-of-access-to-research-resources-letter-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola A2 - Ellen Mantus TI - Data Science: Opportunities to Transform Chemical Sciences and Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25191 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25191/data-science-opportunities-to-transform-chemical-sciences-and-engineering-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - New technologies and approaches are generating large, diverse data sets, and data science offers the tools that are needed to interrogate, analyze, and manage these data sets. Biology, material sciences, and other fields have embraced data science tools and used them to gain insights into, for example, gene–environment interactions, molecular mechanisms of disease, and implications of material characteristics on performance. Chemical sciences and engineering have also used data science tools to, for example, monitor and control chemical processes, predict activity depending on chemical structures or properties, and inform business and research decisions. However, data science applications in the chemical sciences and engineering community have been relatively limited, and many opportunities for advancing the fields have gone unexplored. Accordingly, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore opportunities to use data science to transform chemical sciences and engineering on February 27–28, 2018, in Washington, DC. Stakeholders from academia, government, and industry convened to discuss the challenges and opportunities to integrate data science into chemical sciences and engineering practice and data science training for the future chemical sciences and engineering workforce. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Transforming Combustion Research through Cyberinfrastructure SN - DO - 10.17226/13049 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13049/transforming-combustion-research-through-cyberinfrastructure PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Combustion has provided society with most of its energy needs for millenia, from igniting the fires of cave dwellers to propelling the rockets that traveled to the Moon. Even in the face of climate change and the increasing availability of alternative energy sources, fossil fuels will continue to be used for many decades. However, they will likely become more expensive, and pressure to minimize undesired combustion by-products (pollutants) will likely increase. The trends in the continued use of fossil fuels and likely use of alternative combustion fuels call for more rapid development of improved combustion systems. In January 2009, the Multi-Agency Coordinating Committee on Combustion Research (MACCCR) requested that the National Research Council (NRC) conduct a study of the structure and use of a cyberinfrastructure (CI) for combustion research. The charge to the authoring committee of Transforming Combustion Research through Cyberinfrastructure was to: identify opportunities to improve combustion research through computational infrastructure (CI) and the potential benefits to applications; identify necessary CI elements and evaluate the accessibility, sustainability, and economic models for various approaches; identify CI that is needed for education in combustion science and engineering; identify human, cultural, institutional, and policy challenges and how other fields are addressing them. Transforming Combustion Research through Cyberinfrastructure also estimates the resources needed to provide stable, long-term CI for research in combustion and recommends a plan for enhanced exploitation of CI for combustion research. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Sammantha L. Magsino TI - Applications of Social Network Analysis for Building Community Disaster Resilience: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12706 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12706/applications-of-social-network-analysis-for-building-community-disaster-resilience PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Social Network Analysis (SNA) is the identification of the relationships and attributes of members, key actors, and groups that social networks comprise. The National Research Council, at the request of the Department of Homeland Security, held a two-day workshop on the use of SNA for the purpose of building community disaster resilience. The workshop, summarized in this volume, was designed to provide guidance to the DHS on a potential research agenda that would increase the effectiveness of SNA for improving community disaster resilience. The workshop explored the state of the art in SNA and its applications in the identification, construction, and strengthening of networks within U.S. communities. Workshop participants discussed current work in SNA focused on characterizing networks; the theories, principles and research applicable to the design or strengthening of networks; the gaps in knowledge that prevent the application of SNA to the construction of networks; and research areas that could fill those gaps. Elements of a research agenda to support the design, development, and implementation of social networks for the specific purpose of strengthening community resilience against natural and human-made disasters were discussed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anna Nicholson A2 - Tamara Haag TI - Navigating Infodemics and Building Trust During Public Health Emergencies: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27188 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27188/navigating-infodemics-and-building-trust-during-public-health-emergencies-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - An infodemic is the rapid spread of large amounts of sometimes conflicting or inaccurate information that can impede the ability of individuals, communities, and authorities to protect health and effectively respond in a crisis. The National Academies Board on Health Sciences Policy hosted a two-day, public workshop in April 2023 to explore the history of public health infodemics, the impact of infodemics on trust in the public health enterprise, and tools and practices used to address infodemics. Attendees learned action-oriented strategies and tactics for inspiring public trust and about the roles, responsibilities, and partnerships among relevant organizations and agencies in managing infodemics during a public health emergency. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Darla Thompson A2 - Joe Alper TI - Exploring Equity in Multisector Community Health Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24786 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24786/exploring-equity-in-multisector-community-health-partnerships-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Building on previous National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine workshops that explored how safe and healthy communities are a necessary component of health equity and efforts to improve population health, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement wanted to explore how a variety of community-based organizations came together to achieve population health. To do so, the roundtable hosted a workshop in Oakland, California, on December 8, 2016, to explore multisector health partnerships that engage residents, reduce health disparities, and improve health and well-being. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: Focus on Communities - Brief Summary: Institute of Medicine Regional Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/11580 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11580/progress-in-preventing-childhood-obesity-focus-on-communities-brief-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The nation faces a growing epidemic of childhood obesity that threatens the immediate health of our children and their prospects of growing up healthy into adulthood. During the past 30 years, obesity in the United States has more than doubled among young children aged 2-5 years and adolescents aged 12-19 years, and it has more than tripled among youth aged 6-11 years. Currently, more than 9 million children 6 years of age and older are considered to be obese. The sequelae of obesity among children and youth are also rapidly increasing, including an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, asthma, and social and psychological consequences including low self-esteem and depression. To develop a prevention-focused action plan to reduce the number of obese children and youth in the United States, the Institute of Medicine organized three regional symposia, and held its second regional symposium in Atlanta, Georgia on October 6-7, 2005. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: Focus on Communities highlights the recurring themes that emerged from the symposium for accelerating change and moving forward with obesity prevention efforts: empower communities and neighborhoods, change the environment, forge strategic partnerships, garner and mobilize political support, educate stakeholders, identify leaders and build on cultural assets, collect and disseminate local data, evaluate programs and interventions, and translate successful interventions to other communities. Approximately 90 individuals active in childhood obesity prevention efforts in the southeastern region of the United States who represented a range of stake holder perspectives and innovative practices in local communities including students, community leaders, physicians, health educators, clergy, teachers, and state and federal government officials were invited to participate in the symposium. The contents of this summary reflect specific examples presented and discussed during the symposium, and unless otherwise noted, the general perspectives of the participants. This summary, along with two other symposia summaries, and a more detailed discussion of insights and regional examples, will be incorporated in the IOM committee's final report on progress in preventing childhood obesity that will be released in the fall of 2006. ER -