%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Cuff, Patricia A. %T Building Health Workforce Capacity Through Community-Based Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-31387-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18973/building-health-workforce-capacity-through-community-based-health-professional-education %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18973/building-health-workforce-capacity-through-community-based-health-professional-education %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 210 %X There is growing evidence from developed and developing countries that community-based approaches are effective in improving the health of individuals and populations. This is especially true when the social determinants of health are considered in the design of the community-based approach. With an aging population and an emphasis on health promotion, the United States is increasingly focusing on community-based health and health care. Preventing disease and promoting health calls for a holistic approach to health interventions that rely more heavily upon interprofessional collaborations. However, the financial and structural design of health professional education remains siloed and largely focused on academic health centers for training. Despite these challenges, there are good examples of interprofessional, community-based programs and curricula for educating health professionals. In May 2014, members of the Institute of Medicine's Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education came together to substantively delve into issues affecting the scale-up and spread of health professional education in communities. Participants heard a wide variety of individual accounts from innovators about work they are undertaking and opportunities for education with communities. In presenting a variety of examples that range from student community service to computer modeling, the workshop aimed to stimulate discussions about how educators might better integrate education with practice in communities. Building Health Workforce Capacity Through Community-Based Health Professional Education summarizes the presentations and discussion of this event. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Ballard, David %E Weingart, David %E Garrow, Laurie %E Herring, Jordan %E Mills, Russell W. %E Burns, Will %E Rex, Justin M. %E Caniglia, Michael %T Building and Maintaining Air Service Through Incentive Programs %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25758/building-and-maintaining-air-service-through-incentive-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25758/building-and-maintaining-air-service-through-incentive-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 54 %X Airports and the communities they serve view robust air service as an important element for economic well-being and overall quality of life. Incentive programs are often used to encourage airlines to maintain or augment service to a community. Recent airline industry trends, including airline consolidation, use of larger aircraft, the rise of ultra-low-cost airlines, and challenges with pilot supply as well as regulatory and policy developments, have affected the significance of these programs.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 218: Building and Maintaining Air Service Through Incentive Programs is a guidebook offering advice for using incentive programs for growing and maintaining commercial air service. The development, execution, and monitoring of air service incentive programs can be complex, involve multiple stakeholders, and must address federal compliance issues.An additional resource accompanying the report is Building and Maintaining Air Service Through Incentive Programs:Contractor’s Final Technical Report. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Eccles, Jacquelynne %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %T Community Programs to Promote Youth Development %@ 978-0-309-10590-3 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10022/community-programs-to-promote-youth-development %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10022/community-programs-to-promote-youth-development %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 432 %X After-school programs, scout groups, community service activities, religious youth groups, and other community-based activities have long been thought to play a key role in the lives of adolescents. But what do we know about the role of such programs for today's adolescents? How can we ensure that programs are designed to successfully meet young people's developmental needs and help them become healthy, happy, and productive adults? Community Programs to Promote Youth Development explores these questions, focusing on essential elements of adolescent well-being and healthy development. It offers recommendations for policy, practice, and research to ensure that programs are well designed to meet young people's developmental needs. The book also discusses the features of programs that can contribute to a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. It examines what we know about the current landscape of youth development programs for America's youth, as well as how these programs are meeting their diverse needs. Recognizing the importance of adolescence as a period of transition to adulthood, Community Programs to Promote Youth Development offers authoritative guidance to policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and other key stakeholders on the role of youth development programs to promote the healthy development and well-being of the nation's youth. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Patlak, Margie %E Trang, Cyndi %E Nass, Sharyl J. %T Establishing Effective Patient Navigation Programs in Oncology: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47454-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25073/establishing-effective-patient-navigation-programs-in-oncology-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25073/establishing-effective-patient-navigation-programs-in-oncology-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 114 %X Delivering high-quality cancer care to all patients presents numerous challenges, including difficulties with care coordination and access. Patient navigation is a community-based service delivery intervention designed to promote access to timely diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases by eliminating barriers to care, and has often been proposed and implemented to address these challenges. However, unresolved questions include where patient navigation programs should be deployed, and which patients should be prioritized to receive navigation services when resources are limited. To address these issues and facilitate discussion on how to improve navigation services for patients with cancer, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on November 13 and 14, 2017. At this workshop, a broad range of experts and stakeholders, including clinicians, navigators, researchers, and patients, explored which patients need navigation and who should serve as navigators, and the benefits of navigation and current gaps in the evidence base. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Improving the Effectiveness of U.S. Climate Modeling %@ 978-0-309-07257-1 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10087/improving-the-effectiveness-of-us-climate-modeling %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10087/improving-the-effectiveness-of-us-climate-modeling %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 144 %X Information derived from climate modeling has become increasingly important in recent years. More and more we understand that climate variability and change impacts society and that dealing with climate-related disasters, conflicts, and opportunities requires the best possible information about the past, present, and future of the climate system. To this end, Improving the Effectiveness of U.S. Climate Modeling describes ways to improve the efficacy of the U.S. climate modeling enterprise, given the current needs and resources. It discusses enhanced and stable resources for modeling activities, focused and centralized operational activities, how to give researchers access to the best computing facilities, the creation of a common modeling and data infrastructure, and research studies on the socioeconomic aspects of climate and climate modeling. %0 Book %T Symposium on Direct Broadcast Satellite Communications: April 8, 1980, Washington, D.C. %D 1980 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20476/symposium-on-direct-broadcast-satellite-communications-april-8-1980-washington %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20476/symposium-on-direct-broadcast-satellite-communications-april-8-1980-washington %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Engineering and Technology %P 121 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Health Care in a Context of Civil Rights %D 1981 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18680/health-care-in-a-context-of-civil-rights %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18680/health-care-in-a-context-of-civil-rights %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 202 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wolfgram, Laura %E Pollan, Cyndy %E Hostetter, Kirstie %E Martin, Amy %E Spencer, Tina %E Rodda, Scott %E Amey, Andrew %T Measuring and Managing Fare Evasion %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26514/measuring-and-managing-fare-evasion %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26514/measuring-and-managing-fare-evasion %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 402 %X Fare evasion is generally defined as a passenger using public transit without paying the required fare or possessing the required fare media or valid proof of fare payment. Fare evasion has significant implications for the financial sustainability of transit systems and must be replaced by another stable source of funding.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program TCRP Research Report 234: Measuring and Managing Fare Evasion explores in detail the recent past and emerging future of fare enforcement on transit systems. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Beatty, Alexandra %T Service-Learning in Undergraduate Geosciences: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-45272-4 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24621/service-learning-in-undergraduate-geosciences-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24621/service-learning-in-undergraduate-geosciences-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 90 %X The term “service-learning” generally refers to projects planned as components of academic coursework in which students use knowledge and skills taught in the course to address real needs in their communities. This kind of learning experience, which allows students to focus on critical, reflective thinking and civic responsibility, has become an increasingly popular component of undergraduate science education. In April 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planned a workshop to explore the current and potential role of service-learning in undergraduate geosciences education. Participants explored how service learning is being used in geoscience education, its potential benefits, and the strength of the evidence base regarding the nature and benefits of these experiences. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Integration of Paratransit and Fixed-Route Transit Services %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13993/integration-of-paratransit-and-fixed-route-transit-services %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13993/integration-of-paratransit-and-fixed-route-transit-services %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 48 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 76: Integration of Paratransit and Fixed-Route Transit Services explores the experiences of transit agencies that have attempted to depart from the traditional binary model of separate fixed-route and paratransit services by seeking a variety of ways to integrate their services. Options examined in the report include the provision of paratransit feeder services, community bus or circulators, connectors, fixed-route fare incentives, and route deviation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Mobley, Jane %E Matherly, Deborah %T Using Pictograms to Make Transit Easier to Navigate for Customers with Communication Barriers %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22598/using-pictograms-to-make-transit-easier-to-navigate-for-customers-with-communication-barriers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22598/using-pictograms-to-make-transit-easier-to-navigate-for-customers-with-communication-barriers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 59: Using Pictograms to Make Transit Easier to Navigate for Customers with Communication Barriers explores whether pictograms–picture-based communication tools that use illustrations with few or no words–can be effective in communicating emergency information and behavioral modification to people with communication challenges during a transit emergency situation.A PowerPoint presentation that summarizes Web-Only Document 59 is available for download. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Reducing Litter on Roadsides %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14250/reducing-litter-on-roadsides %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14250/reducing-litter-on-roadsides %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 68 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 394: Reducing Litter on Roadsides explores the state of the practice in reducing roadside litter as it involves state departments of transportation (DOTs). The report provides information concerning the prevention and removal of roadside litter, unfulfilled needs, knowledge gaps, and underperforming activities. It covers enforcement, education, awareness, and engineering methods for both litter prevention and collection. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Passenger Air Service Development Techniques %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14309/passenger-air-service-development-techniques %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14309/passenger-air-service-development-techniques %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 159 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 18; Passenger Air Service Development Techniques explores the underlying competitive challenges that small communities face in retaining or enhancing their commercial air service, examines how communities can address those challenges, and describes the basic components and tools of an air service development program. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health %@ 978-0-309-39262-4 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21923/a-framework-for-educating-health-professionals-to-address-the-social-determinants-of-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21923/a-framework-for-educating-health-professionals-to-address-the-social-determinants-of-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Education %P 172 %X The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life." These forces and systems include economic policies, development agendas, cultural and social norms, social policies, and political systems. In an era of pronounced human migration, changing demographics, and growing financial gaps between rich and poor, a fundamental understanding of how the conditions and circumstances in which individuals and populations exist affect mental and physical health is imperative. Educating health professionals about the social determinants of health generates awareness among those professionals about the potential root causes of ill health and the importance of addressing them in and with communities, contributing to more effective strategies for improving health and health care for underserved individuals, communities, and populations. Recently, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to develop a high-level framework for such health professional education. A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health also puts forth a conceptual model for the framework's use with the goal of helping stakeholder groups envision ways in which organizations, education, and communities can come together to address health inequalities. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Marketing Guidebook for Small Airports %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14353/marketing-guidebook-for-small-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14353/marketing-guidebook-for-small-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 175 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 28: Marketing Guidebook for Small Airports explores development of a marketing program for general aviation or commercial service airports on a small or minimal budget.View information about the TRB webinar on ACRP Report 28: Marketing Guidebook for Small Airports Tuesday, April 6, 2010 at 2 PM EDT.The November 2013 ACRP Impacts on Practice highlights how the Fort Wayne International Airport in Indiana used ACRP Report 28 to create a marketing plan. %0 Book %E Chalk, Rosemary %E King, Patricia A. %T Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs %@ 978-0-309-05496-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5285/violence-in-families-assessing-prevention-and-treatment-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5285/violence-in-families-assessing-prevention-and-treatment-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 416 %X Reports of mistreated children, domestic violence, and abuse of elderly persons continue to strain the capacity of police, courts, social services agencies, and medical centers. At the same time, myriad treatment and prevention programs are providing services to victims and offenders. Although limited research knowledge exists regarding the effectiveness of these programs, such information is often scattered, inaccessible, and difficult to obtain. Violence in Families takes the first hard look at the successes and failures of family violence interventions. It offers recommendations to guide services, programs, policy, and research on victim support and assistance, treatments and penalties for offenders, and law enforcement. Included is an analysis of more than 100 evaluation studies on the outcomes of different kinds of programs and services. Violence in Families provides the most comprehensive review on the topic to date. It explores the scope and complexity of family violence, including identification of the multiple types of victims and offenders, who require different approaches to intervention. The book outlines new strategies that offer promising approaches for service providers and researchers and for improving the evaluation of prevention and treatment services. Violence in Families discusses issues that underlie all types of family violence, such as the tension between family support and the protection of children, risk factors that contribute to violent behavior in families, and the balance between family privacy and community interventions. The core of the book is a research-based review of interventions used in three institutional sectors—social services, health, and law enforcement settings—and how to measure their effectiveness in combating maltreatment of children, domestic violence, and abuse of the elderly. Among the questions explored by the committee: Does the child protective services system work? Does the threat of arrest deter batterers? The volume discusses the strength of the evidence and highlights emerging links among interventions in different institutional settings. Thorough, readable, and well organized, Violence in Families synthesizes what is known and outlines what needs to be discovered. This volume will be of great interest to policymakers, social services providers, health care professionals, police and court officials, victim advocates, researchers, and concerned individuals. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E French, Melissa G. %T Health Insurance and Insights from Health Literacy: Helping Consumers Understand: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24613/health-insurance-and-insights-from-health-literacy-helping-consumers-understand %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24613/health-insurance-and-insights-from-health-literacy-helping-consumers-understand %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 6 %X On July 21, 2016, the Roundtable on Health Literacy of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on health literacy and health insurance literacy in the context of health reform in the United States. Since 2010, the year the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) became law, the roundtable has convened two workshops related to this topic as well as commissioned two papers, and several members have prepared individually written perspectives. The roundtable's attention to the topic of health insurance is appropriate because health reform has created major changes in the health care system in this country. It has brought millions of people into the system that previously did not have access. In addition, many of these individuals have limited experience with health care and health insurance and are from populations that traditionally have high rates of low health literacy. The workshop focused on the challenges and opportunities in helping consumers obtain, understand, and use health insurance. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Spitz, William %E O’Connor, Mitchell %E Mills, Russell %E Murray, Sonjia %T Effects of Airline Industry Changes on Small- and Non-Hub Airports %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21909/effects-of-airline-industry-changes-on-small-and-non-hub-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21909/effects-of-airline-industry-changes-on-small-and-non-hub-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 194 %X TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 142: Effects of Airline Industry Changes on Small- and Non-Hub Airports describes policy and planning options for small- and non-hub airport operators and managers as they respond to changing conditions in the airline industry. Airport marketing and development programs are highly individualized, but common issues exist over which airports exert varying levels of control. With this context in mind, this report describes the forces that affect airline operations and airport planning and development, and presents a structured approach for planning and development strategies. The report reviews airline industry trends, documents patterns of airline industry change, and assesses current programs that airports are using to respond to changes.A data analysis from the report showing detailed airport-specific data from 2001 through 2013 is available separately as a Data Appendix.Software Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Prewitt, Kenneth %E Mackie, Christopher D. %E Habermann, Hermann %T Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion: Measuring Dimensions of Social Capital to Inform Policy %@ 978-0-309-30725-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18831/civic-engagement-and-social-cohesion-measuring-dimensions-of-social-capital %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18831/civic-engagement-and-social-cohesion-measuring-dimensions-of-social-capital %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 196 %X People's bonds, associations and networks - as well as the civil, political, and institutional characteristics of the society in which they live - can be powerful drivers affecting the quality of life among a community's, a city's, or a nation's inhabitants and their ability to achieve both individual and societal goals. Civic engagement, social cohesion, and other dimensions of social capital affect social, economic and health outcomes for individuals and communities. Can these be measured, and can federal surveys contribute toward this end? Can this information be collected elsewhere, and if so, how should it be collected? Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion identifies measurement approaches that can lead to improved understanding of civic engagement, social cohesion, and social capital - and their potential role in explaining the functioning of society. With the needs of data users in mind, this report examines conceptual frameworks developed in the literature to determine promising measures and measurement methods for informing public policy discourse. The report identifies working definitions of key terms; advises on the feasibility and specifications of indicators relevant to analyses of social, economic, and health domains; and assesses the strength of the evidence regarding the relationship between these indicators and observed trends in crime, employment, and resilience to shocks such as natural disasters. Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion weighs the relative merits of surveys, administrative records, and non-government data sources, and considers the appropriate role of the federal statistical system. This report makes recommendations to improve the measurement of civic health through population surveys conducted by the government and identifies priority areas for research, development, and implementation. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Bonnie, Richard J. %E Stratton, Kathleen %E Kwan, Leslie Y. %T Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products %@ 978-0-309-31624-8 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18997/public-health-implications-of-raising-the-minimum-age-of-legal-access-to-tobacco-products %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18997/public-health-implications-of-raising-the-minimum-age-of-legal-access-to-tobacco-products %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 398 %X Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.