TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Encouraging Protective COVID-19 Behaviors among College Students DO - 10.17226/26004 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26004/encouraging-protective-covid-19-behaviors-among-college-students PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Developmental psychology and brain research can support campus leaders as they work together with students to prevent the spread of COVID-19 on college campuses and in the surrounding communities. This rapid expert consultation presents research-informed habit-promoting and communication strategies to encourage the adoption of behaviors that can stem the spread of COVID infections on college campuses. The Societal Experts Action Network (SEAN) is an activity of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. SEAN links researchers in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences with decision makers to respond to policy questions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. This project is affiliated with the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joan Herman A2 - Margaret Hilton TI - Supporting Students' College Success: The Role of Assessment of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Competencies SN - DO - 10.17226/24697 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24697/supporting-students-college-success-the-role-of-assessment-of-intrapersonal PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The importance of higher education has never been clearer. Educational attainment—the number of years a person spends in school—strongly predicts adult earnings, as well as health and civic engagement. Yet relative to other developed nations, educational attainment in the United States is lagging, with young Americans who heretofore led the world in completing postsecondary degrees now falling behind their global peers. As part of a broader national college completion agenda aimed at increasing college graduation rates, higher education researchers and policy makers are exploring the role of intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies in supporting student success. Supporting Students' College Success: The Role of Assessment of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Competencies identifies 8 intrapersonal competencies (competencies involving self-management and positive self-evaluation) that can be developed through interventions and appear to be related to persistence and success in undergraduate education. The report calls for further research on the importance of these competencies for college success, reviews current assessments of them and establishes priorities for the use of current assessments, and outlines promising new approaches for improved assessments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alan I. Leshner A2 - Layne A. Scherer TI - Mental Health, Substance Use, and Wellbeing in Higher Education: Supporting the Whole Student SN - DO - 10.17226/26015 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26015/mental-health-substance-use-and-wellbeing-in-higher-education-supporting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Education AB - Student wellbeing is foundational to academic success. One recent survey of postsecondary educators found that nearly 80 percent believed emotional wellbeing is a "very" or "extremely" important factor in student success. Studies have found the dropout rates for students with a diagnosed mental health problem range from 43 percent to as high as 86 percent. While dealing with stress is a normal part of life, for some students, stress can adversely affect their physical, emotional, and psychological health, particularly given that adolescence and early adulthood are when most mental illnesses are first manifested. In addition to students who may develop mental health challenges during their time in postsecondary education, many students arrive on campus with a mental health problem or having experienced significant trauma in their lives, which can also negatively affect physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing. The nation's institutions of higher education are seeing increasing levels of mental illness, substance use and other forms of emotional distress among their students. Some of the problematic trends have been ongoing for decades. Some have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic consequences. Some are the result of long-festering systemic racism in almost every sphere of American life that are becoming more widely acknowledged throughout society and must, at last, be addressed. Mental Health, Substance Use, and Wellbeing in Higher Education lays out a variety of possible strategies and approaches to meet increasing demand for mental health and substance use services, based on the available evidence on the nature of the issues and what works in various situations. The recommendations of this report will support the delivery of mental health and wellness services by the nation's institutions of higher education. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Critical Findings on COVID-19: Select Publications from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine DO - 10.17226/26100 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26100/critical-findings-on-covid-19-select-publications-from-the-national PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - For more than 150 years, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have issued reports detailing leading research on public health and infectious disease. In response to the global outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, the National Academies has continued this work by issuing publications related to disease transmission, preventative measures, vaccinations, and more that can inform the public response to the pandemic. Critical Findings on COVID-19 includes summaries and highlights of many of our key publications on COVID-19, including consensus study reports, workshop and webinar proceedings, and rapid expert consultations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - C. Daniel Prather, DPrather Aviation Solutions, LLC A2 - California Baptist University TI - Promoting Aviation Career Education in High Schools and Community Colleges DO - 10.17226/25643 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25643/promoting-aviation-career-education-in-high-schools-and-community-colleges PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - More airport operations/management academic programs at both the high school and community college levels would help the airport industry. With baby boomers currently reaching retirement age at the rate of 10,000 each day, and later generations much smaller in size, new employees are not entering the workforce swiftly enough to replace those leaving because of retirement, illness, and other complicating factors.As a result, the aviation industry, like others, is experiencing a significant labor shortage. With no end in sight, the industry has joined forces in a number of unique partnerships in an effort to not only enhance the quality of current aviation graduates, but also stimulate interest in aviation careers among college students, high school students, and even middle school and elementary school students.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 103: Promoting Aviation Career Education in High Schools and Community Colleges points out the many characteristics of high school and community college aviation programs throughout the country, which could prove useful to airport management. By better understanding the academic programs producing the next generation of aviation professionals, airports can develop proactive efforts to promote the airport profession to aviation programs in their local area and influence young people to seriously consider airports as a viable career path, thus positively affecting the future of the airport industry. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Minorities in the Chemical Workforce: Diversity Models that Work: A Workshop Report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable SN - DO - 10.17226/10653 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10653/minorities-in-the-chemical-workforce-diversity-models-that-work-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Education AB - This report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable presents a collection of contributed papers that report success stories for increasing diversity. The report provides background information on the value of diversity in the undergraduate environment, and the success stories address both undergraduate and graduate chemistry programs as well as chemical industry. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Daniel L. Cork A2 - Paul R. Voss TI - Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census SN - DO - 10.17226/11727 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11727/once-only-once-and-in-the-right-place-residence-rules PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The usefulness of the U.S. decennial census depends critically on the accuracy with which individual people are counted in specific housing units, at precise geographic locations. The 2000 and other recent censuses have relied on a set of residence rules to craft instructions on the census questionnaire in order to guide respondents to identify their correct "usual residence." Determining the proper place to count such groups as college students, prisoners, and military personnel has always been complicated and controversial; major societal trends such as placement of children in shared custody arrangements and the prevalence of "snowbird" and "sunbird" populations who regularly move to favorable climates further make it difficult to specify ties to one household and one place. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place reviews the evolution of current residence rules and the way residence concepts are presented to respondents. It proposes major changes to the basic approach of collecting residence information and suggests a program of research to improve the 2010 and future censuses. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council A2 - Mary C. Mattis A2 - John Sislin TI - Enhancing the Community College Pathway to Engineering Careers SN - DO - 10.17226/11438 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11438/enhancing-the-community-college-pathway-to-engineering-careers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Community colleges play an important role in starting students on the road to engineering careers, but students often face obstacles in transferring to four-year educational institutions to continue their education. Enhancing the Community College Pathway to Engineering Careers, a new book from the National Academy of Engineering and the National Research Council, discusses ways to improve the transfer experience for students at community colleges and offers strategies to enhance partnerships between those colleges and four-year engineering schools to help students transfer more smoothly. In particular, the book focuses on challenges and opportunities for improving transfer between community colleges and four-year educational institutions, recruitment and retention of students interested in engineering, the curricular content and quality of engineering programs, opportunities for community colleges to increase diversity in the engineering workforce, and a review of sources of information on community college and transfer students. It includes a number of current policies, practices, and programs involving community college–four-year institution partnerships. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Patricia Albjerg Graham A2 - Nevzer G. Stacey TI - The Knowledge Economy and Postsecondary Education: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10239 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10239/the-knowledge-economy-and-postsecondary-education-report-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Industry and Labor AB - The Workshop on the Knowledge Economy and Postsecondary Education documents changes seen in the postsecondary education system. In her report Lisa Hudson focuses on who is participating in postsecondary education; Tom Bailey concentrates on community colleges as the most responsive institutions to employer needs; Carol Twigg surveys the ways that four-year institutions are attempting to modify their curricular offerings and pedagogy to adapt those that will be more useful; and Brian Pusser emphasizes the public’s broader interests in higher education and challenges the acceptance of the primacy of job preparation for the individual and of "market" metaphors as an appropriate descriptor of American higher education. An example of a for-profit company providing necessary instruction for workers is also examined. Richard Murnane, Nancy Sharkey, and Frank Levy investigate the experience of Cisco high school and community college students need to testify to their information technology skills to earn certificates. Finally, John Bransford, Nancy Vye, and Helen Bateman address the ways learning occurs and how these can be encouraged, particularly in cyberspace. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Understanding the Educational and Career Pathways of Engineers SN - DO - 10.17226/25284 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25284/understanding-the-educational-and-career-pathways-of-engineers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Engineering skills and knowledge are foundational to technological innovation and development that drive long-term economic growth and help solve societal challenges. Therefore, to ensure national competitiveness and quality of life it is important to understand and to continuously adapt and improve the educational and career pathways of engineers in the United States. To gather this understanding it is necessary to study the people with the engineering skills and knowledge as well as the evolving system of institutions, policies, markets, people, and other resources that together prepare, deploy, and replenish the nation's engineering workforce. This report explores the characteristics and career choices of engineering graduates, particularly those with a BS or MS degree, who constitute the vast majority of degreed engineers, as well as the characteristics of those with non-engineering degrees who are employed as engineers in the United States. It provides insight into their educational and career pathways and related decision making, the forces that influence their decisions, and the implications for major elements of engineering education-to-workforce pathways. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Understanding Earth's Deep Past: Lessons for Our Climate Future SN - DO - 10.17226/13111 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13111/understanding-earths-deep-past-lessons-for-our-climate-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - There is little dispute within the scientific community that humans are changing Earth's climate on a decadal to century time-scale. By the end of this century, without a reduction in emissions, atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase to levels that Earth has not experienced for more than 30 million years. As greenhouse gas emissions propel Earth toward a warmer climate state, an improved understanding of climate dynamics in warm environments is needed to inform public policy decisions. In Understanding Earth's Deep Past, the National Research Council reports that rocks and sediments that are millions of years old hold clues to how the Earth's future climate would respond in an environment with high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Understanding Earth's Deep Past provides an assessment of both the demonstrated and underdeveloped potential of the deep-time geologic record to inform us about the dynamics of the global climate system. The report describes past climate changes, and discusses potential impacts of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases on regional climates, water resources, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and the cycling of life-sustaining elements. While revealing gaps in scientific knowledge of past climate states, the report highlights a range of high priority research issues with potential for major advances in the scientific understanding of climate processes. This proposed integrated, deep-time climate research program would study how climate responded over Earth's different climate states, examine how climate responds to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and clarify the processes that lead to anomalously warm polar and tropical regions and the impact on marine and terrestrial life. In addition to outlining a research agenda, Understanding Earth's Deep Past proposes an implementation strategy that will be an invaluable resource to decision-makers in the field, as well as the research community, advocacy organizations, government agencies, and college professors and students. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas SN - DO - 10.17226/13165 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13165/a-framework-for-k-12-science-education-practices-crosscutting-concepts PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change SN - DO - 10.17226/12784 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12784/informing-an-effective-response-to-climate-change PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences AB - Global climate change is one of America's most significant long-term policy challenges. Human activity—especially the use of fossil fuels, industrial processes, livestock production, waste disposal, and land use change—is affecting global average temperatures, snow and ice cover, sea-level, ocean acidity, growing seasons and precipitation patterns, ecosystems, and human health. Climate-related decisions are being carried out by almost every agency of the federal government, as well as many state and local government leaders and agencies, businesses and individual citizens. Decision makers must contend with the availability and quality of information, the efficacy of proposed solutions, the unanticipated consequences resulting from decisions, the challenge of implementing chosen actions, and must consider how to sustain the action over time and respond to new information. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change, a volume in the America's Climate Choices series, describes and assesses different activities, products, strategies, and tools for informing decision makers about climate change and helping them plan and execute effective, integrated responses. It discusses who is making decisions (on the local, state, and national levels), who should be providing information to make decisions, and how that information should be provided. It covers all levels of decision making, including international, state, and individual decision making. While most existing research has focused on the physical aspect of climate change, Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change employs theory and case study to describe the efforts undertaken so far, and to guide the development of future decision-making resources. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change offers much-needed guidance to those creating public policy and assists in implementing that policy. The information presented in this book will be invaluable to the research community, especially social scientists studying climate change; practitioners of decision-making assistance, including advocacy organizations, non-profits, and government agencies; and college-level teachers and students. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Volunteers in Public Schools SN - DO - 10.17226/1458 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1458/volunteers-in-public-schools PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Among the most prominent of President Bush's "thousand points of light" are volunteers who work with our nation's students. The last several decades show considerable growth in the numbers of school volunteers, with increasing participation by people from the business community, retired citizens, and college students, in addition to the traditionally active mothers of school children. Yet, we must do more to ensure the success of volunteer programs in schools. It is not enough to assume that any volunteer effort will produce results, nor is it wise to use volunteers simply because they are "free." This new volume from the National Research Council provides the first overview ever compiled of volunteer activity in U.S. public schools—reporting on how volunteers are being used in schools, what factors make programs successful, what further research will enhance our ability to create good programs, and what directions our national policy should take. Included in this study of volunteers in public schools are the reports of the committee's site visits to 13 volunteer programs identified as "exemplary" from Boston Partners in Education to "Project Rescue" for dropout prevention in Corsicana, Texas. Each site report describes local economic conditions and their effects on education, the organization and size of the school system, and the volunteer program—with details on how each program functions and what results have been achieved. This book will be immediately useful to federal, state, and local policymakers, school boards and administrators, principals and teachers, PTA members, business firms involved with schools, and, of course, managers or coordinators of volunteer activities and concerned volunteers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Bernard L. Madison TI - A Challenge of Numbers: People in the Mathematical Sciences SN - DO - 10.17226/1506 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1506/a-challenge-of-numbers-people-in-the-mathematical-sciences PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - A Challenge of Numbers describes the circumstances and issues centered on people in the mathematical sciences, principally students and teachers at U.S. colleges and universities. A healthy flow of mathematical talent is crucial not only to the future of U.S. mathematics but also as a keystone supporting a technological workforce. Trends in the mathematical sciences' most valuable resource—its people—are presented narratively, graphically, and numerically as an information base for policymakers and for those interested in the people in this not very visible, but critical profession. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council A2 - Steve Olson A2 - Jay B. Labov TI - Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit SN - DO - 10.17226/13399 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13399/community-colleges-in-the-evolving-stem-education-landscape-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The National Research Council (NRC) and National Academy of Engineering (NAE) have released a new report, Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit. Based on a national summit that was supported by the National Science Foundation and organized by the NRC and the NAE, the report highlights the importance of community colleges, especially in emerging areas of STEM (Sciene, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and preparation of the STEM workforce. Community colleges are also essential in accommodating growing numbers of students and in retraining displaced workers in skills needed in the new economy. Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit looks at the changing and evolving relationships between community colleges and four-year institutions, with a focus on partnerships and articulation processes that can facilitate student success in STEM; expanding participation of students from historically underrepresented populations in undergraduate STEM education; and how subjects, such as mathematics, can serve as gateways or barriers to college completion. ER -