TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Improving the Design of the Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) SN - DO - 10.17226/10571 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10571/improving-the-design-of-the-scientists-and-engineers-statistical-data-system-sestat PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Industry and Labor KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The past decade has demonstrated the utility of SESTAT, but the SESTAT design shows some deficiencies with respect to response rates, coverage of populations of interest, and its ability to support some useful analyses. To tackle those deficiencies, NSF has proposed three possible design options for improving the database and asked the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) to form the Committee to Review the 2000 Decade Design of the SESTAT.This is the report of that committee. It presents our understanding of the purposes and characteristics of the SESTAT, applies the criteria we believe are important for assessing design options for the database, provides our recommendation for the best approach to adopt in the 2000 decade, and offers our encouragement to NSF to pursue opportunities to improve the understanding of the numbers and characteristics of scientists and engineers in the United States. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Paratransit Manager's Skills, Qualifications, and Needs DO - 10.17226/14120 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14120/paratransit-managers-skills-qualifications-and-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 71: Paratransit Manager's Skills, Qualifications, and Needs examines current requirements for being a paratransit manager and actual experiences of current paratransit managers in their positions. The synthesis is designed to help enhance the paratransit management profession and paratransit service delivery. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Executive Summary: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Providing Non-Emergency Medical Transportation DO - 10.17226/23285 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23285/executive-summary-cost-benefit-analysis-of-providing-non-emergency-medical-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Results Digest 75, Executive Summary: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Providing Non-Emergency Medical Transportation examines the relative costs and benefits of providing transportation to non-emergency medical care for individuals who miss or delay healthcare appointments because of transportation issues. The final report is available as TCRP Web-Only Document 29. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Gary D. Sandefur A2 - Ronald R. Rindfuss A2 - Barney Cohen TI - Changing Numbers, Changing Needs: American Indian Demography and Public Health SN - DO - 10.17226/5355 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5355/changing-numbers-changing-needs-american-indian-demography-and-public-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The reported population of American Indians and Alaska Natives has grown rapidly over the past 20 years. These changes raise questions for the Indian Health Service and other agencies responsible for serving the American Indian population. How big is the population? What are its health care and insurance needs? This volume presents an up-to-date summary of what is known about the demography of American Indian and Alaska Native population—their age and geographic distributions, household structure, employment, and disability and disease patterns. This information is critical for health care planners who must determine the eligible population for Indian health services and the costs of providing them. The volume will also be of interest to researchers and policymakers concerned about the future characteristics and needs of the American Indian population. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Making Value for America: Embracing the Future of Manufacturing, Technology, and Work: Summary DO - 10.17226/21700 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21700/making-value-for-america-embracing-the-future-of-manufacturing-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - Concerned about the challenges facing US manufacturing—and excited about the prospect of dramatic change in this sector—the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) undertook a study to identify best practices along the manufacturing value chain and to recommend public- and private-sector actions to make the United States an effective environment for value creation. The NAE was joined in supporting this study by Gordon E. Moore, Robert A. Pritzker and the Robert Pritzker Family Foundation, Jonathan J. Rubinstein, Edward Horton, and by a number of US companies—Boeing, Cummins, IBM, Qualcomm, Rockwell Collins, and Xerox. In conducting the study, the NAE committee reviewed economic statistics, gathered extensive information from experts and published research, and sought input from nearly 100 research managers, directors of manufacturing operations, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and others. The committee's report, Making Value for America, explains its findings and the actions it recommends. This booklet summarizes those findings and recommendations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Thomas Arrison TI - Rising Above the Gathering Storm Two Years Later: Accelerating Progress Toward a Brighter Economic Future: Summary of a Convocation SN - DO - 10.17226/12537 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12537/rising-above-the-gathering-storm-two-years-later-accelerating-progress PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Rising Above the Gathering Storm Two Years Later: Accelerating Progress Toward a Brighter Economic Future summarizes a convocation held in April 2008 to commemorate the release of the original Gathering Storm report. The convocation featured participation by Members of Congress, Cabinet Secretaries, leaders from industry and academia, and other experts. The discussions reviewed progress made thus far in implementing the Gathering Storm recommendations to strengthen K-12 education in math and science, research, higher education, and the environment for innovation. Participants also noted that much additional work is needed to ensure that America remains a leader in science and engineering in the long term. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Continuing Education for Construction Professionals: Summary of a Symposium DO - 10.17226/9138 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9138/continuing-education-for-construction-professionals-summary-of-a-symposium PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Theresa M. Wizemann TI - Population Health Science in the United States: Trends, Evidence, and Implications for Policy: Proceedings of a Joint Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/25631 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25631/population-health-science-in-the-united-states-trends-evidence-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - On October 3, 2018, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science convened a joint symposium in Washington, DC to consider the current state of population health science in the United States. At the symposium, speakers and participants reviewed the status of population health in the United States, including current trends in health and mortality, and racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities; explored the complexities of policy implementation with attention to evidence generation and to surfacing and mitigating negative unintended consequences of policies for population health; and shared perspectives on finding common ground to move population health forward. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Understanding the Educational and Career Pathways of Engineers SN - DO - 10.17226/25284 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25284/understanding-the-educational-and-career-pathways-of-engineers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Engineering skills and knowledge are foundational to technological innovation and development that drive long-term economic growth and help solve societal challenges. Therefore, to ensure national competitiveness and quality of life it is important to understand and to continuously adapt and improve the educational and career pathways of engineers in the United States. To gather this understanding it is necessary to study the people with the engineering skills and knowledge as well as the evolving system of institutions, policies, markets, people, and other resources that together prepare, deploy, and replenish the nation's engineering workforce. This report explores the characteristics and career choices of engineering graduates, particularly those with a BS or MS degree, who constitute the vast majority of degreed engineers, as well as the characteristics of those with non-engineering degrees who are employed as engineers in the United States. It provides insight into their educational and career pathways and related decision making, the forces that influence their decisions, and the implications for major elements of engineering education-to-workforce pathways. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Racial and Gender Diversity in State DOTs and Transit Agencies DO - 10.17226/22010 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22010/racial-and-gender-diversity-in-state-dots-and-transit-agencies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) have jointly produced and published Racial and Gender Diversity in State DOTs and Transit Agencies. The product, which can be referred to as TCRP Report 120 or NCHRP Report 585, examines racial and gender diversity in state departments of transportation (DOTs) and transit agencies for purposes of establishing a baseline that reflects the current status of racial and gender diversity in state DOTs and transit agencies based on existing data. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Christofer M. Harper A2 - Jon Elliott A2 - Paul Goodrum A2 - Manideep Tummalapudi A2 - Daniel Tran A2 - Mamdouh Mohamed A2 - Timothy R.B. Taylor A2 - Hala Nasseradine A2 - Ryan Griffith A2 - Steve Waddle A2 - David Hoyne A2 - Julie Kliewer TI - Guide to Recruiting, Developing, and Retaining Transportation Infrastructure Construction Inspectors DO - 10.17226/26878 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26878/guide-to-recruiting-developing-and-retaining-transportation-infrastructure-construction-inspectors PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Transportation construction inspectors (CIs) have specific expertise in areas such as earthwork, structures, and pavement. CIs apply this expertise to ensure that construction work meets or exceeds the construction contract requirements. State departments of transportation are facing attrition in the CI workforce and losses in institutional knowledge among CIs as a result of retirements, agency downsizing, and fewer individuals pursuing construction inspection. The number of candidate CIs is projected to be inadequate to meet current and future needs.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1027: Guide to Recruiting, Developing, and Retaining Transportation Infrastructure Construction Inspectors describes approaches that state DOTs can use to build and sustain a construction inspection workforce.Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 337: Training and Certification of Construction Inspectors for Transportation Infrastructure, an Implementation Memorandum, and a Dissemination Presentation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Nicholas M. Donofrio A2 - Kate S. Whitefoot TI - Making Value for America: Embracing the Future of Manufacturing, Technology, and Work SN - DO - 10.17226/19483 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19483/making-value-for-america-embracing-the-future-of-manufacturing-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - Globalization, developments in technology, and new business models are transforming the way products and services are conceived, designed, made, and distributed in the U.S. and around the world. These forces present challenges - lower wages and fewer jobs for a growing fraction of middle-class workers - as well as opportunities for "makers" and aspiring entrepreneurs to create entirely new types of businesses and jobs. Making Value for America examines these challenges and opportunities and offers recommendations for collaborative actions between government, industry, and education institutions to help ensure that the U.S. thrives amid global economic changes and remains a leading environment for innovation. Filled with real-life examples, Making Value for America presents a roadmap to enhance the nation's capacity to pursue opportunities and adapt to transforming value chains by widespread adoption of best practices, a well-prepared and innovative workforce, local innovation networks to support startups and new products, improved flow of capital investments, and infrastructure upgrades. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kenan Patrick Jarboe A2 - Steve Olson TI - Adaptability of the US Engineering and Technical Workforce: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25016 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25016/adaptability-of-the-us-engineering-and-technical-workforce-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Late last year, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) convened a workshop on Preparing the Engineering and Technical Workforce for Adaptability and Resilience to Change. The workshop springs from the earlier NAE report Making Value for America which described the ongoing transformation in the way in which products and services are conceived, designed, made, and distributed. The workshop focused on the challenges facing the workforce in light of these dramatic changes in the production process, especially the need to constantly renew and learn new skills. The workshop served to increase stakeholders' understanding of both the importance of workforce adaptability and the definition and characteristics of adaptability. It also provided an opportunity to share known best practices for fostering adaptability, including identification of barriers and multiple pathways for overcoming those barriers. As important, it helped to identify needs for future study and development. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kathleen Mullan Harris A2 - Malay K. Majmundar A2 - Tara Becker TI - High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults SN - DO - 10.17226/25976 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25976/high-and-rising-mortality-rates-among-working-age-adults PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The past century has witnessed remarkable advances in life expectancy in the United States and throughout the world. In 2010, however, progress in life expectancy in the United States began to stall, despite continuing to increase in other high-income countries. Alarmingly, U.S. life expectancy fell between 2014 and 2015 and continued to decline through 2017, the longest sustained decline in life expectancy in a century (since the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919). The recent decline in U.S. life expectancy appears to have been the product of two trends: (1) an increase in mortality among middle-aged and younger adults, defined as those aged 25-64 years (i.e., "working age"), which began in the 1990s for several specific causes of death (e.g., drug- and alcohol-related causes and suicide); and (2) a slowing of declines in working-age mortality due to other causes of death (mainly cardiovascular diseases) after 2010. High and Rising Mortality Rates among Working Age Adults highlights the crisis of rising premature mortality that threatens the future of the nation's families, communities, and national wellbeing. This report identifies the key drivers of increasing death rates and disparities in working-age mortality over the period 1990 to 2017; elucidates modifiable risk factors that could alleviate poor health in the working-age population, as well as widening health inequalities; identifies key knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research and data collection to fill those gaps; and explores potential policy implications. After a comprehensive analysis of the trends in working-age mortality by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geography using the most up-to-date data, this report then looks upstream to the macrostructural factors (e.g., public policies, macroeconomic trends, social and economic inequality, technology) and social determinants (e.g., socioeconomic status, environment, social networks) that may affect the health of working-age Americans in multiple ways and through multiple pathways. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Susan T. Fiske A2 - Tara Becker TI - Understanding the Aging Workforce: Defining a Research Agenda SN - DO - 10.17226/26173 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26173/understanding-the-aging-workforce-defining-a-research-agenda PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The aging population of the United States has significant implications for the workforce - challenging what it means to work and to retire in the U.S. In fact, by 2030, one-fifth of the population will be over age 65. This shift has significant repercussions for the economy and key social programs. Due to medical advancements and public health improvements, recent cohorts of older adults have experienced better health and increasing longevity compared to earlier cohorts. These improvements in health enable many older adults to extend their working lives. While higher labor market participation from this older workforce could soften the potential negative impacts of the aging population over the long term on economic growth and the funding of Social Security and other social programs, these trends have also occurred amidst a complicating backdrop of widening economic and social inequality that has meant that the gains in health, improvements in mortality, and access to later-life employment have been distributed unequally. Understanding the Aging Workforce: Defining a Research Agenda offers a multidisciplinary framework for conceptualizing pathways between work and nonwork at older ages. This report outlines a research agenda that highlights the need for a better understanding of the relationship between employers and older employees; how work and resource inequalities in later adulthood shape opportunities in later life; and the interface between work, health, and caregiving. The research agenda also identifies the need for research that addresses the role of workplaces in shaping work at older ages, including the role of workplace policies and practices and age discrimination in enabling or discouraging older workers to continue working or retire. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jon Antin A2 - Kelly Stulce A2 - Lisa Eichelberger A2 - Jon Hankey TI - Naturalistic Driving Study: Descriptive Comparison of the Study Sample with National Data DO - 10.17226/22196 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22196/naturalistic-driving-study-descriptive-comparison-of-the-study-sample-with-national-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) has released Report S2-S31-RW-1: Naturalistic Driving Study: Descriptive Comparison of the Study Sample with National Data that provides technical support to users of the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) data. Specifically, the report provides guidance for analysts with weighting SHRP 2 NDS data so they may make comparisons with the U.S. population. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Alexandra Beatty A2 - M. R. C. Greenwood A2 - Robert L. Linn TI - Myths and Tradeoffs: The Role of Tests in Undergraduate Admissions SN - DO - 10.17226/9632 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9632/myths-and-tradeoffs-the-role-of-tests-in-undergraduate-admissions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - More than 8 million students enrolled in 4-year, degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the United States in 1996. The multifaceted system through which these students applied to and were selected by the approximately 2,240 institutions in which they enrolled is complex, to say the least; for students, parents, and advisers, it is often stressful and sometimes bewildering. This process raises important questions about the social goals that underlie the sorting of students, and it has been the subject of considerable controversy. The role of standardized tests in this sorting process has been one of the principal flashpoints in discussions of its fairness. Tests have been cited as the chief evidence of unfairness in lawsuits over admissions decisions, criticized as biased against minorities and women, and blamed for the fierce competitiveness of the process. Yet tests have also been praised for their value in providing a common yardstick for comparing students from diverse schools with different grading standards. Myths and Tradeoffs identifies and corrects some persistent myths about standardized admissions tests and highlight some of the specific tradeoffs that decisions about the uses of tests entail; presents conclusions and recommendations about the role of tests in college admissions; and lays out several issues about which information would clearly help decision makers, but about which the existing data are either insufficient or need synthesis and interpretation. This report will benefit a broad audience of college and university officials, state and other officials and lawmakers, and others who are wrestling with decisions about admissions policies, definitions of merit, legal actions, and other issues. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of the U.S. CLIVAR Project Office SN - DO - 10.17226/11149 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11149/review-of-the-us-clivar-project-office PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences AB - A growing appreciation for how variations in climate affect society and the environment has increased the demand for fast and accurate predictions of climate variability. The Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program, established internationally in 1995 and expanded to include a U.S. component in 1998, focuses on improving understanding and skill in predicting climate variability on seasonal to centennial time scales. This report evaluates the performance of the U.S. CLIVAR Project Office (PO) in fulfilling its charge from supporting agencies. The report concludes that the project office is vital for coordinating US CLIVAR activities and is effective despite limited resources. It also provides suggestions for enhancing the communications from and visibility of US CLIVAR activities and for developing strategic directions for the future. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Christofer M. Harper A2 - Jon Elliott A2 - Paul Goodrum A2 - Manideep Tummalapudi A2 - Daniel Tran A2 - Mamdouh Mohamed A2 - Timothy R.B. Taylor A2 - Hala Nasseradine A2 - Ryan Griffith A2 - Steve Waddle A2 - David Hoyne A2 - Julie Kliewer TI - Training and Certification of Construction Inspectors for Transportation Infrastructure DO - 10.17226/26879 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26879/training-and-certification-of-construction-inspectors-for-transportation-infrastructure PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Construction inspectors (CIs) are the frontline workforce that ensures the work on transportation infrastructure projects meets the design and contract requirements and that the finished product meets or exceeds the quality standards. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 337: Training and Certification of Construction Inspectors for Transportation Infrastructure details the process for developing NCHRP Research Report 1027: Guide to Recruiting, Developing, and Retaining Construction Inspectors that presents a systematic process to establish and maintain the career development of CIs as an integral asset to the transportation infrastructure sector. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Designing an Agricultural Genome Program SN - DO - 10.17226/6081 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6081/designing-an-agricultural-genome-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Biology and Life Sciences ER -