%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Gadsden, Vivian L. %E Ford, Morgan %E Breiner, Heather %T Parenting Matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0-8 %@ 978-0-309-38854-2 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21868/parenting-matters-supporting-parents-of-children-ages-0-8 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21868/parenting-matters-supporting-parents-of-children-ages-0-8 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 524 %X Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the family—which includes all primary caregivers—are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Allen, LaRue %E Hutton, Rebekah %T Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children %@ 978-0-309-69461-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26743/closing-the-opportunity-gap-for-young-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26743/closing-the-opportunity-gap-for-young-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 452 %X Many young children in the United States are thriving and have access to the conditions and resources they need to grow up healthy. However, a substantial number of young children face more challenging conditions such as: poverty; food insecurity; exposure to violence; and inadequate access to health care, well-funded quality schools, and mental health care. In many cases, the historical origins of unequal access to crucial supports for children's physical, emotional, and cognitive development are rooted in policies that intentionally segregated and limited various populations' access to resources and create opportunity gaps that intertwine and compound to affect academic, health, and economic outcomes over an individual's life course and across generations. Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children, identifies and describes the causes, costs, and effects of the opportunity gap in young children and explores how disparities in access to quality educational experiences, health care, and positive developmental experiences from birth through age eight intersect with key academic, health, and economic outcomes. The report identifies drivers of these gaps in three key domains—education, mental health, and physical health—and offers recommendations for policy makers for addressing these gaps so that all children in the United States have the opportunity to thrive. In addition, the report offers a detailed set of recommendations for policy makers, practitioners, community organizations, and philanthropic organizations to reduce opportunity gaps in education, health, and social-emotional development. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program %@ 978-0-309-08284-6 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10342/dietary-risk-assessment-in-the-wic-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10342/dietary-risk-assessment-in-the-wic-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 181 %X Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program reviews methods used to determine dietary risk based on failure to meet Dietary Guidelines for applicants to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Applicants to the WIC program must be at nutritional risk to be eligible for program benefits. Although “dietary risk” is only one of five nutrition risk categories, it is the category most commonly reported among WIC applicants. This book documents that nearly all low-income women in the childbearing years and children 2 years and over are at risk because their diets fail to meet the recommended numbers of servings of the food guide pyramid. The committee recommends that all women and children (ages 2-4 years) who meet the eligibility requirements based on income, categorical and residency status also be presumed to meet the requirement of nutrition risk. By presuming that all who meet the categorical and income eligibility requirements are at dietary risk, WIC retains its potential for preventing and correcting nutrition-related problems while avoiding serious misclassification errors that could lead to denial of services for eligible individuals. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %T After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-07179-6 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9944/after-school-programs-to-promote-child-and-adolescent-development-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9944/after-school-programs-to-promote-child-and-adolescent-development-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 72 %X This report summarizes the presentations and discussion at a workshop entitled Opportunities to Promote Child and Adolescent Development During the After-School Hours, convened on October 21, 1999. The workshop was organized by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and its Forum on Adolescence of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, with funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. This workshop brought together policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to examine research on the developmental needs of children and adolescents—ages 5 to 14 years—and the types of after-school programs designed to promote the health and development of these young people. Intended to provide a forum for discussion among the various stakeholders, the workshop did not generate conclusions about the types of programs that are most effective, nor did it generate specific recommendations about after-school programs or promote a particular approach. The workshop coincided with release of the Packard Foundation's fall 1999 issue of The Future of Children, entitled "When School Is Out." Focusing on after-school programs, the journal provided some context for the workshop, providing a backdrop for discussing the importance of after-school programs, the types of programs that exist across the country, and the policy climate that surrounds after-school programs. This report summarizes the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Bowman, Barbara T. %E Donovan, M. Suzanne %E Burns, M. Susan %T Eager to Learn: Educating Our Preschoolers %@ 978-0-309-27423-4 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9745/eager-to-learn-educating-our-preschoolers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9745/eager-to-learn-educating-our-preschoolers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 468 %X Clearly babies come into the world remarkably receptive to its wonders. Their alertness to sights, sounds, and even abstract concepts makes them inquisitive explorers—and learners—every waking minute. Well before formal schooling begins, children's early experiences lay the foundations for their later social behavior, emotional regulation, and literacy. Yet, for a variety of reasons, far too little attention is given to the quality of these crucial years. Outmoded theories, outdated facts, and undersized budgets all play a part in the uneven quality of early childhood programs throughout our country. What will it take to provide better early education and care for our children between the ages of two and five? Eager to Learn explores this crucial question, synthesizing the newest research findings on how young children learn and the impact of early learning. Key discoveries in how young children learn are reviewed in language accessible to parents as well as educators: findings about the interplay of biology and environment, variations in learning among individuals and children from different social and economic groups, and the importance of health, safety, nutrition and interpersonal warmth to early learning. Perhaps most significant, the book documents how very early in life learning really begins. Valuable conclusions and recommendations are presented in the areas of the teacher-child relationship, the organization and content of curriculum, meeting the needs of those children most at risk of school failure, teacher preparation, assessment of teaching and learning, and more. The book discusses: Evidence for competing theories, models, and approaches in the field and a hard look at some day-to-day practices and activities generally used in preschool. The role of the teacher, the importance of peer interactions, and other relationships in the child's life. Learning needs of minority children, children with disabilities, and other special groups. Approaches to assessing young children's learning for the purposes of policy decisions, diagnosis of educational difficulties, and instructional planning. Preparation and continuing development of teachers. Eager to Learn presents a comprehensive, coherent picture of early childhood learning, along with a clear path toward improving this important stage of life for all children. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Parker, Lynn %E Burns, Annina Catherine %E Sanchez, Eduardo %T Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity %@ 978-0-309-13927-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12674/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12674/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 138 %X The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments—with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues—are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels—federal, state, and local—in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators. %0 Book %T Development During Middle Childhood: The Years From Six to Twelve %@ 978-0-309-07829-0 %D 1984 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/56/development-during-middle-childhood-the-years-from-six-to-twelve %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/56/development-during-middle-childhood-the-years-from-six-to-twelve %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Education %P 448 %X For the first time, a report focuses specifically on middle childhood—a discrete, pivotal period of development. In this review of research, experts examine the physical health and cognitive development of 6- to 12-year-old children as well as their surroundings: school and home environment, ecocultural setting, and family and peer relationships. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E McGinnis, J. Michael %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %E Kraak, Vivica I. %T Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity? %@ 978-0-309-09713-0 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11514/food-marketing-to-children-and-youth-threat-or-opportunity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11514/food-marketing-to-children-and-youth-threat-or-opportunity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 536 %X Creating an environment in which children in the United States grow up healthy should be a high priority for the nation. Yet the prevailing pattern of food and beverage marketing to children in America represents, at best, a missed opportunity, and at worst, a direct threat to the health prospects of the next generation. Children’s dietary and related health patterns are shaped by the interplay of many factors—their biologic affinities, their culture and values, their economic status, their physical and social environments, and their commercial media environments—all of which, apart from their genetic predispositions, have undergone significant transformations during the past three decades. Among these environments, none have more rapidly assumed central socializing roles among children and youth than the media. With the growth in the variety and the penetration of the media have come a parallel growth with their use for marketing, including the marketing of food and beverage products. What impact has food and beverage marketing had on the dietary patterns and health status of American children? The answer to this question has the potential to shape a generation and is the focus of Food Marketing to Children and Youth. This book will be of interest to parents, federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, health care professionals, industry companies, industry trade groups, media, and those involved in community and consumer advocacy. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Ploeg, Michele Ver %E Betson, David M. %T Estimating Eligibility and Participation for the WIC Program: Final Report %@ 978-0-309-08962-3 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10804/estimating-eligibility-and-participation-for-the-wic-program-final-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10804/estimating-eligibility-and-participation-for-the-wic-program-final-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 218 %X This report reviews the methods used to estimate the national number of people eligible to participate in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) under full funding of the program. It reviews alternative data sets and methods for estimating income eligibility, adjunctive eligibility (which occurs when people are eligible for WIC because they are enrolled in other federal public assistance programs) and nutritional risk, as well as for estimating participation if the program is fully funded. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Murphy, Suzanne P. %E Yaktine, Ann L. %E Suitor, Carol West %E Moats, Sheila %T Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All %@ 978-0-309-15845-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12959/child-and-adult-care-food-program-aligning-dietary-guidance-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12959/child-and-adult-care-food-program-aligning-dietary-guidance-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 310 %X The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) is a federally-funded program designed to provide healthy meals and snacks to children and adults while receiving day care at participating family day care homes, traditional child care centers, afterschool facilities, adult care facilities, and emergency shelters. CACFP has the broadest scope of any of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food program, serving more than 3 million children and 114,000 adults across the nation. To receive reimbursement for the foods served, participating programs must abide by requirements set by the USDA. Child and Adult Care Food Program assesses the nutritional needs of the CACFP population based on Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and makes recommendations for revisions to the CACFP meal requirements. The book outlines meal requirements that include food specifications that could be used for specific meals and across a full day, covering all age groups from infants to older adults and meal patterns designed for use in a variety of settings, including in-home care and in large centers. By implementing these meal requirements, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain rich foods will increase while consumption of solid fats, added sugars, and sodium will decrease. Not only will this address the high prevalence of childhood obesity, it will also help to achieve consistency with the standards and regulations of other USDA nutrition assistance programs, particularly the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs. Child and Adult Care Food Program makes practical recommendations that would bring CACFP meals and snacks into alignment with current dietary guidance. The book will serve as a vital resource for federal and state public health officials, care providers working in child and adult day care facilities, WIC agencies, officials working with the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs, and other organizations serving at-risk populations. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Mainero, Tara %T Strategies for Scaling Tested and Effective Family-Focused Preventive Interventions to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health: Workshop in Brief %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21718/strategies-for-scaling-tested-and-effective-family-focused-preventive-interventions-to-promote-childrens-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21718/strategies-for-scaling-tested-and-effective-family-focused-preventive-interventions-to-promote-childrens-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 8 %X On April 1-2, 2014, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council held a 2-day workshop to discuss the successes and challenges of scaling family-focused interventions. A range of settings involved in preventive family-focused interventions were highlighted, including primary care settings, schools, homes, and on the Web. Collectively this knowledge will be used to explore new and innovative ways to broaden the reach of effective programs and to generate alternative paradigms for strengthening families. This brief summary of the workshop highlights topics raised by presenters and participants. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Stallings, Virginia A. %E Taylor, Christine L. %T Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions %@ 978-0-309-12795-0 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12512/nutrition-standards-and-meal-requirements-for-national-school-lunch-and-breakfast-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12512/nutrition-standards-and-meal-requirements-for-national-school-lunch-and-breakfast-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 192 %X The National School Breakfast Program feeds 10 million children each day, and the National School Lunch Program feeds more than 30 million students. Yet the national nutrition standards and meal requirements for these meals were created more than a decade ago, making them out of step with recent guidance about children's diets. With so many children receiving as much as 50 percent of their daily caloric intake from school meals, it is vital for schools to provide nutritious food alongside the best possible education for the success of their students. At the request of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Institute of Medicine assembled a committee to recommend updates and revisions to the school lunch and breakfast programs. The first part of the committee's work is reflected in the December 2008 IOM report Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Phase II of the report is expected in Fall 2009. This first report provides information about the committee's approach as it reviews the school lunch and breakfast programs. In the report's second part, the committee will share its findings and recommendations to bring these meals more in line with today's dietary guidelines. The committee welcomes public comments about its intended approach. An open forum will be held January 28, 2009 in Washington, DC to receive input from the public. Please go to http://www.iom.edu/fnb/schoolmeals for details or email FNBSchoolMeals@nas.edu with any input. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of WIC Food Packages: Improving Balance and Choice: Final Report %@ 978-0-309-45016-4 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23655/review-of-wic-food-packages-improving-balance-and-choice-final %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23655/review-of-wic-food-packages-improving-balance-and-choice-final %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 1062 %X The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population. To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In this third report, the committee provides its final analyses, recommendations, and the supporting rationale. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Proposed Criteria for Selecting the WIC Food Packages: A Preliminary Report of the Committee to Review the WIC Food Packages %@ 978-0-309-09298-2 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11078/proposed-criteria-for-selecting-the-wic-food-packages-a-preliminary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11078/proposed-criteria-for-selecting-the-wic-food-packages-a-preliminary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 132 %X Started in 1974, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) was designed to meet the special nutritional needs of low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, or postpartum women; infants; and children up to 5 years of age who have at least one nutritional risk factor. The WIC Program provides three main benefits: supplemental foods, nutrition education, and referrals to health and social services. Since the inception of the WIC program, substantial changes in size and demographics of the population, food supply and dietary patterns, and health concerns have made it necessary to review the WIC food packages. Proposed Criteria for Selecting the WIC Food Packages proposes priority nutrients and general nutrition recommendations for the WIC program, and recommends specific changes to the WIC packages. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence %@ 978-0-309-44271-8 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23505/assessing-prevalence-and-trends-in-obesity-navigating-the-evidence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23505/assessing-prevalence-and-trends-in-obesity-navigating-the-evidence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 300 %X Obesity has come to the forefront of the American public health agenda. The increased attention has led to a growing interest in quantifying obesity prevalence and determining how the prevalence has changed over time. Estimates of obesity prevalence and trends are fundamental to understanding and describing the scope of issue. Policy makers, program planners, and other stakeholders at the national, state, and local levels are among those who search for estimates relevant to their population(s) of interest to inform their decision-making. The differences in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data have given rise to a body of evidence that is inconsistent and has created barriers to interpreting and applying published reports. As such, there is a need to provide guidance to those who seek to better understand and use estimates of obesity prevalence and trends. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity examines the approaches to data collection, analysis, and interpretation that have been used in recent reports on obesity prevalence and trends at the national, state, and local level, particularly among U.S. children, adolescents, and young adults. This report offers a framework for assessing studies on trends in obesity, principally among children and young adults, for policy making and program planning purposes, and recommends ways decision makers and others can move forward in assessing and interpreting reports on obesity trends.