%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report %@ 978-0-309-22247-1 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13288/review-of-the-21st-century-truck-partnership-second-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13288/review-of-the-21st-century-truck-partnership-second-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 190 %X In July 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) appointed the Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2, to conduct an independent review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP). The 21CTP is a cooperative research and development (R&D) partnership including four federal agencies-the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-and 15 industrial partners. The purpose of this Partnership is to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, increase heavy-duty vehicle safety, and support research, development, and demonstration to initiate commercially viable products and systems. This is the NRC's second report on the topic and it includes the committee's review of the Partnership as a whole, its major areas of focus, 21CTP's management and priority setting, efficient operations, and the new SuperTruck program. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership: Third Report %@ 978-0-309-37710-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21784/review-of-the-21st-century-truck-partnership-third-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21784/review-of-the-21st-century-truck-partnership-third-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 202 %X The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP) works to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, increase heavy-duty vehicle safety, and support research, development, and demonstration to initiate commercially viable products and systems. This report is the third in a series of three by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that have reviewed the research and development initiatives carried out by the 21CTP. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Third Report builds on the Phase 1 and 2 reviews and reports, and also comments on changes and progress since the Phase 2 report was issued in 2012. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership %@ 978-0-309-12208-5 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12258/review-of-the-21st-century-truck-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12258/review-of-the-21st-century-truck-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 130 %X The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), a cooperative research and development partnership formed by four federal agencies with 15 industrial partners, was launched in the year 2000 with high hopes that it would dramatically advance the technologies used in trucks and buses, yielding a cleaner, safer, more efficient generation of vehicles. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership critically examines and comments on the overall adequacy and balance of the 21CTP. The book reviews how well the program has accomplished its goals, evaluates progress in the program, and makes recommendations to improve the likelihood of the Partnership meeting its goals. Key recommendations of the book include that the 21CTP should be continued, but the future program should be revised and better balanced. A clearer goal setting strategy should be developed, and the goals should be clearly stated in measurable engineering terms and reviewed periodically so as to be based on the available funds. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Use of Lightweight Materials in 21st Century Army Trucks %@ 978-0-309-08869-5 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10662/use-of-lightweight-materials-in-21st-century-army-trucks %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10662/use-of-lightweight-materials-in-21st-century-army-trucks %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 112 %X In order to achieve the Army’s envisioned Objective Force related to deployability, transportability, and mobility, the Committee on Lightweight Materials for the 21st Century Army Trucks was asked to identify research and technology development opportunities related to the introduction of new lightweight structural materials for light medium and heavy Army trucks. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Heavy Vehicle Technologies Program %@ 978-0-309-07251-9 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9989/review-of-the-us-department-of-energys-heavy-vehicle-technologies-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9989/review-of-the-us-department-of-energys-heavy-vehicle-technologies-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 56 %X As national priorities have been focused both on reducing fuel consumption and improving air quality, attention has increased on reducing emissions from many types of vehicles, including light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles. Meeting the recently promulgated (and proposed) emission standards and simultaneously increasing fuel economy will pose especially difficult challenges for diesel-powered vehicles and will require the development of new emission-reduction technologies. In response to a request from the director of OHVT, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Review of DOE's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies to conduct a broad, independent review of its research and development (R&D) activities. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report %@ 978-0-309-49635-3 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25542/reducing-fuel-consumption-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicles-phase-two %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25542/reducing-fuel-consumption-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicles-phase-two %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 398 %X Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report %@ 978-0-309-30237-1 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18736/reducing-the-fuel-consumption-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicles-phase-two %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18736/reducing-the-fuel-consumption-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicles-phase-two %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Engineering and Technology %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 116 %X Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. This report comprises the first periodic, five-year follow-on to the 2010 report. Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two reviews NHTSA fuel consumption regulations and considers the technological, market and regulatory factors that may be of relevance to a revised and updated regulatory regime taking effect for model years 2019-2022. The report analyzes and provides options for improvements to the certification and compliance procedures for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; reviews an updated analysis of the makeup and characterization of the medium- and heavy-duty truck fleet; examines the barriers to and the potential applications of natural gas in class 2b through class 8 vehicles; and addresses uncertainties and performs sensitivity analyses for the fuel consumption and cost/benefit estimates. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: First Report %@ 978-0-309-09730-7 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11406/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-freedomcar-and-fuel-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11406/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-freedomcar-and-fuel-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 146 %X The FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is a collaborative effort among the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), and five major energy companies to manage research that will enable the vision of "a clean and sustainable transportation energy future." It envisions a transition from more efficient internal combustion engines (ICEs), to advanced ICE hybrid electric vehicles, to enabling a private-sector decision by 2015 on hydrogen-fueled vehicle development. This report, which builds on an earlier NRC report, The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs, presents an evaluation of the Partnership’s research efforts on hydrogen-fueled transportation systems, and provides findings and recommendations about technical directions, strategies, funding, and management. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles %@ 978-0-309-14982-2 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12845/technologies-and-approaches-to-reducing-the-fuel-consumption-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicles %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12845/technologies-and-approaches-to-reducing-the-fuel-consumption-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicles %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 250 %X Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fourth Report %@ 978-0-309-26831-8 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18262/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18262/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Engineering and Technology %P 200 %X Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fourth Report follows on three previous NRC reviews of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, which was the predecessor of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership (NRC, 2005, 2008a, 2010). The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability) vision, according to the charter of the Partnership, is this: American consumers have a broad range of affordable personal transportation choices that reduce petroleum consumption and significantly reduce harmful emissions from the transportation sector. Its mission is as follows: accelerate the development of pre-competitive and innovative technologies to enable a full range of efficient and clean advanced light-duty vehicles (LDVs), as well as related energy infrastructure. The Partnership focuses on precompetitive research and development (R&D) that can help to accelerate the emergence of advanced technologies to be commercialization-feasible. The guidance for the work of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by joint industry/government technical teams. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved. Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conventional and various alternative fuels, automotive fuel cell power systems, hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles), batteries and other forms of electrochemical energy storage, electric propulsion systems, hydrogen production and delivery, and materials leading to vehicle weight reductions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Framing Surface Transportation Research for the Nation’s Future %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18611/framing-surface-transportation-research-for-the-nations-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18611/framing-surface-transportation-research-for-the-nations-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 167 %X TRB Special Report 313: Framing Surface Transportation Research for the Nation’s Future explores opportunities for improving the productivity of U.S. expenditures on surface transportation research by building on lessons learned from the strategic approach to developing priorities and investing in transportation research in other countries and nontransportation sectors in the United States.Despite major progress in U.S. transportation systems and services, particularly since the 1950s and 1960s, further improvements are needed if the nation is to continue competing effectively in the global marketplace and enhancing its inhabitants’ quality of life. Research is expected to play a major role in addressing the challenges facing U.S. surface transportation.According to the committee that produced the report, the timely development of a new national research framework that engages the public, private, academic, and nonprofit sectors and draws on the nation’s research capacity in academia, industry, and elsewhere is needed.A four page summary of the report as well as an article on the report that appeared in the March-April 2014 TR News are available. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fifth Report %@ 978-0-309-45687-6 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24717/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24717/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 254 %X Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fifth Report follows on four previous reviews of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, which was the predecessor of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership. The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability) vision, according to the charter of the Partnership, is this: American consumers have a broad range of affordable personal transportation choices that reduce petroleum consumption and significantly reduce harmful emissions from the transportation sector. Its mission is as follows: accelerate the development of pre-competitive and innovative technologies to enable a full range of efficient and clean advanced light-duty vehicles (LDVs), as well as related energy infrastructure. The Partnership focuses on precompetitive research and development (R&D) that can help to accelerate the emergence of advanced technologies to be commercialization-feasible. The guidance for the work of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by joint industry/government technical teams. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved. Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conventional and various alternative fuels, automotive fuel cell power systems, hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles), batteries and other forms of electrochemical energy storage, electric propulsion systems, hydrogen production and delivery, and materials leading to vehicle weight reductions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: Third Report %@ 978-0-309-15683-7 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12939/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-freedomcar-and-fuel-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12939/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-freedomcar-and-fuel-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 228 %X The public-private partnership to develop vehicles that require less petroleum-based fuel and emit fewer greenhouse gases should continue to include fuel cells and other hydrogen technologies in its research and development portfolio. The third volume in the FreedomCAR series states that, although the partnership's recent shift of focus toward technologies that could be ready for use in the nearer term--such as advanced combustion engines and plug-in electric vehicles--is warranted, R&D on hydrogen and fuel cells is also needed given the high costs and challenges that many of the technologies must overcome before widespread use. The FreedomCAR (Cooperative Automotive Research) and Fuel Partnership is a research collaboration among the U.S. Department of Energy, the United States Council for Automotive Research - whose members are the Detroit automakers--five major energy companies, and two electric utility companies. The partnership seeks to advance the technologies essential for components and infrastructure for a full range of affordable, clean, energy efficient cars and light trucks. Until recently, the program primarily focused on developing technologies that would allow U.S. automakers to make production and marketing decisions by 2015 on hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicles. These vehicles have the potential to be much more energy-efficient than conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, produce no harmful tailpipe emissions, and significantly reduce petroleum use. In 2009, the partnership changed direction and stepped up efforts to advance, in the shorter term, technologies for reducing petroleum use in combustion engines, including those using biofuels, as well as batteries that could be used in plug-in hybrid-electric or all electric vehicles. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: Second Report %@ 978-0-309-11634-3 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12113/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-freedomcar-and-fuel-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12113/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-freedomcar-and-fuel-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 166 %X The FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is a collaborative effort among the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), and five major energy companies to manage research that will enable the vision of a clean and sustainable transportation energy future. It envisions a transition from more efficient internal combustion engines (ICEs), to advanced ICE hybrid electric vehicles, and to enabling a private-sector decision by 2015 on hydrogen-fueled vehicle development. At the request of DOE, the NRC has undertaken an effort to provide biennial reviews of the progress of the research program. Phase I of that review was described in a book issued in 2005. This second book presents an assessment of the progress in the research program management areas as well as the responses of program management to recommendations provided in the Phase I report. Covered in this second book are major crosscutting issues; vehicle subsystems; hydrogen production, delivery, and dispensing; and an overall assessment of the program. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T A Transportation Research Program for Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change and Conserving Energy: Special Report 299 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12801/a-transportation-research-program-for-mitigating-and-adapting-to-climate-change-and-conserving-energy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12801/a-transportation-research-program-for-mitigating-and-adapting-to-climate-change-and-conserving-energy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 136 %X In reviewing proposals for transportation research programs as part of reauthorizing the federal surface transportation program, the Transportation Research Board recognized a gap: no proposals explicitly addressed research to mitigate GHG emissions and energy consumption attributable to passenger and freight travel or to adapt to climate change. A Transportation Research Program for Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change and Conserving Energy is the product of a study to suggest research programs to fill this and other perceived gaps. Specifically, this book identifies research needs with regard to policies and strategies relating to the use of the transportation system and to assist infrastructure owners in adapting to climate change; focuses on research programs that could provide guidance to officials at all levels responsible for policies that affect the use of surface transportation infrastructure and its operation, maintenance, and construction; and aims to help officials begin to adapt the infrastructure to climate changes that are already occurring or that are expected to occur in the next several decades. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Jones, Trevor O. %T Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy: Letter Report %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12163/assessment-of-technologies-for-improving-light-duty-vehicle-fuel-economy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12163/assessment-of-technologies-for-improving-light-duty-vehicle-fuel-economy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Engineering and Technology %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 28 %X In 2001, the NRC released Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards. High oil prices and recent legislation mandating a further increase in the CAFE standards have renewed interest in the current and expected technical potential for automobile fuel efficiency. Accordingly, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requested the NRC to provide an objective and independent update of the 2001 study and add an assessment of technologies that have emerged since that time. This report presents an interim assessment of technologies to be analyzed in the study and of the computational models that will be used in that analysis. Estimated fuel-economy benefits presented in this report reflect those from existing literature and presentations to the study committee. A final report is scheduled for late spring 2008. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Vehicle Systems Panel Report on the Status of NASA's Vehicles Systems Program: Letter Report %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10904/vehicle-systems-panel-report-on-the-status-of-nasas-vehicles-systems-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10904/vehicle-systems-panel-report-on-the-status-of-nasas-vehicles-systems-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 16 %X In November 2003, ASEB released a report, An Assessment of NASA’s Aeronautics Technology Programs. After the release, NASA requested the NRC to reconvene the Panel on Vehicle Systems Program, which had been established as part of the study infrastructure for the report. Specifically, NASA wanted an evaluation of the progress made by the Program in formulating and directing its activities over the past nine months (since March 2003). This letter report presents the findings of that review. In almost all cases, the recommendations contained in this letter report, amplify and reinforce those contained in the full report. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy Research 1978 to 2000 %@ 978-0-309-07448-3 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10165/energy-research-at-doe-was-it-worth-it-energy-efficiency %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10165/energy-research-at-doe-was-it-worth-it-energy-efficiency %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 240 %X In legislation appropriating funds for DOE's fiscal year (FY) 2000 energy R&D budget, the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee directed an evaluation of the benefits that have accrued to the nation from the R&D conducted since 1978 in DOE's energy efficiency and fossil energy programs. In response to the congressional charge, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Benefits of DOE R&D on Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy. From its inception, DOE's energy R&D program has been the subject of many outside evaluations. The present evaluation asks whether the benefits of the program have justified the considerable expenditure of public funds since DOE's formation in 1977, and, unlike earlier evaluations, it takes a comprehensive look at the actual outcomes of DOE's research over two decades. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Application of Lightweighting Technology to Military Aircraft, Vessels, and Vehicles %@ 978-0-309-22166-5 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13277/application-of-lightweighting-technology-to-military-aircraft-vessels-and-vehicles %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13277/application-of-lightweighting-technology-to-military-aircraft-vessels-and-vehicles %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 160 %X Lightweighting is a concept well known to structural designers and engineers in all applications areas, from laptops to bicycles to automobiles to buildings and airplanes. Reducing the weight of structures can provide many advantages, including increased energy efficiency, better design, improved usability, and better coupling with new, multifunctional features. While lightweighting is a challenge in commercial structures, the special demands of military vehicles for survivability, maneuverability and transportability significantly stress the already complex process. Application of Lightweighting Technology to Military Vehicles, Vessels, and Aircraft assesses the current state of lightweighting implementation in land, sea, and air vehicles and recommends ways to improve the use of lightweight materials and solutions. This book considers both lightweight materials and lightweight design; the availability of lightweight materials from domestic manufacturers; and the performance of lightweight materials and their manufacturing technologies. It also considers the "trade space"--that is, the effect that use of lightweight materials or technologies can have on the performance and function of all vehicle systems and components. This book also discusses manufacturing capabilities and affordable manufacturing technology to facilitate lightweighting. Application of Lightweighting Technology to Military Vehicles, Vessels, and Aircraft will be of interest to the military, manufacturers and designers of military equipment, and decision makers.