%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Fuster, Valentin %E Kelly, Bridget B. %T Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World: A Critical Challenge to Achieve Global Health %@ 978-0-309-14774-3 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12815/promoting-cardiovascular-health-in-the-developing-world-a-critical-challenge %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12815/promoting-cardiovascular-health-in-the-developing-world-a-critical-challenge %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 482 %X Cardiovascular disease (CVD), once thought to be confined primarily to industrialized nations, has emerged as a major health threat in developing countries. Cardiovascular disease now accounts for nearly 30 percent of deaths in low and middle income countries each year, and is accompanied by significant economic repercussions. Yet most governments, global health institutions, and development agencies have largely overlooked CVD as they have invested in health in developing countries. Recognizing the gap between the compelling evidence of the global CVD burden and the investment needed to prevent and control CVD, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) turned to the IOM for advice on how to catalyze change. In this report, the IOM recommends that the NHLBI, development agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and governments work toward two essential goals: creating environments that promote heart healthy lifestyle choices and help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and building public health infrastructure and health systems with the capacity to implement programs that will effectively detect and reduce risk and manage CVD. To meet these goals, the IOM recommends several steps, including improving cooperation and collaboration; implementing effective and feasible strategies; and informing efforts through research and health surveillance. Without better efforts to promote cardiovascular health, global health as a whole will be undermined. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Beatty, Alexandra %T Country-Level Decision Making for Control of Chronic Diseases: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-25272-0 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13337/country-level-decision-making-for-control-of-chronic-diseases-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13337/country-level-decision-making-for-control-of-chronic-diseases-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 122 %X A 2010 IOM report, Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World, found that not only is it possible to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and related chronic diseases in developing countries, but also that such a reduction will be critical to achieving global health and development goals. As part a series of follow-up activities to the 2010 report, the IOM held a workshop that aimed to identify what is needed to create tools for country-led planning of effective, efficient, and equitable provision of chronic disease control programs. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Global Health and the Future Role of the United States %@ 978-0-309-45763-7 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24737/global-health-and-the-future-role-of-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24737/global-health-and-the-future-role-of-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 384 %X While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency – both within the U.S. government and across the global health field. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Health Risks of Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Solutions %@ 978-0-309-71275-0 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27341/health-risks-of-indoor-exposure-to-fine-particulate-matter-and-practical-mitigation-solutions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27341/health-risks-of-indoor-exposure-to-fine-particulate-matter-and-practical-mitigation-solutions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Engineering and Technology %P 248 %X Schools, workplaces, businesses, and even homes are places where someone could be subjected to particulate matter (PM) – a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. PM is a ubiquitous pollutant comprising a complex and ever-changing combination of chemicals, dust, and biologic materials such as allergens. Of special concern is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM with a diameter of 2.5 microns (<0.0001 inch) or smaller. Fine PM is small enough to penetrate deep into the respiratory system, and the smallest fraction of it, ultrafine particles (UFPs), or particles with diameters less than 0.1 micron, can exert neurotoxic effects on the brain. Overwhelming evidence exists that exposure to PM2.5 of outdoor origin is associated with a range of adverse health effects, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and psychiatric, and endocrine disorders as well as poor birth outcomes, with the burden of these effects falling more heavily on underserved and marginalized communities. Health Risks of Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Solutions explores the state-of the-science on the health risks of exposure to fine particulate matter indoors along with engineering solutions and interventions to reduce risks of exposure to it, including practical mitigation strategies. This report offers recommendations to reduce population exposure to PM2.5, to reduce health impacts on susceptible populations including the elderly, young children, and those with pre-existing conditions, and to address important knowledge gaps. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Stallings, Virginia A. %E Harrison, Meghan %E Oria, Maria %T Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium %@ 978-0-309-48834-1 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25353/dietary-reference-intakes-for-sodium-and-potassium %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25353/dietary-reference-intakes-for-sodium-and-potassium %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 594 %X As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence %@ 978-0-309-13839-0 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12649/secondhand-smoke-exposure-and-cardiovascular-effects-making-sense-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12649/secondhand-smoke-exposure-and-cardiovascular-effects-making-sense-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 240 %X Data suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke can result in heart disease in nonsmoking adults. Recently, progress has been made in reducing involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke through legislation banning smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and other public places. The effect of legislation to ban smoking and its effects on the cardiovascular health of nonsmoking adults, however, remains a question. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects reviews available scientific literature to assess the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and acute coronary events. The authors, experts in secondhand smoke exposure and toxicology, clinical cardiology, epidemiology, and statistics, find that there is about a 25 to 30 percent increase in the risk of coronary heart disease from exposure to secondhand smoke. Their findings agree with the 2006 Surgeon General's Report conclusion that there are increased risks of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality among men and women exposed to secondhand smoke. However, the authors note that the evidence for determining the magnitude of the relationship between chronic secondhand smoke exposure and coronary heart disease is not very strong. Public health professionals will rely upon Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects for its survey of critical epidemiological studies on the effects of smoking bans and evidence of links between secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular events, as well as its findings and recommendations. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smith, James P. %E Majmundar, Malay %T Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives %@ 978-0-309-25406-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13361/aging-in-asia-findings-from-new-and-emerging-data-initiatives %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13361/aging-in-asia-findings-from-new-and-emerging-data-initiatives %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 486 %X The population of Asia is growing both larger and older. Demographically the most important continent on the world, Asia's population, currently estimated to be 4.2 billion, is expected to increase to about 5.9 billion by 2050. Rapid declines in fertility, together with rising life expectancy, are altering the age structure of the population so that in 2050, for the first time in history, there will be roughly as many people in Asia over the age of 65 as under the age of 15. It is against this backdrop that the Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the U.S. National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Research Council (NRC), through the Committee on Population, to undertake a project on advancing behavioral and social research on aging in Asia. Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives is a peer-reviewed collection of papers from China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Thailand that were presented at two conferences organized in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, and Science Council of Japan; the first conference was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, and the second conference was hosted by the Indian National Science Academy in New Delhi. The papers in the volume highlight the contributions from new and emerging data initiatives in the region and cover subject areas such as economic growth, labor markets, and consumption; family roles and responsibilities; and labor markets and consumption. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %E Yaktine, Ann L. %E Pankevich, Diana %T Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements: Examining Safety: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29749-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18607/caffeine-in-food-and-dietary-supplements-examining-safety-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18607/caffeine-in-food-and-dietary-supplements-examining-safety-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 212 %X Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in August 2013 to review the available science on safe levels of caffeine consumption in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements and to identify data gaps. Scientists with expertise in food safety, nutrition, pharmacology, psychology, toxicology, and related disciplines; medical professionals with pediatric and adult patient experience in cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry; public health professionals; food industry representatives; regulatory experts; and consumer advocates discussed the safety of caffeine in food and dietary supplements, including, but not limited to, caffeinated beverage products, and identified data gaps. Caffeine, a central nervous stimulant, is arguably the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world. Occurring naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves, cola nuts and cocoa pods, caffeine has been part of innumerable cultures for centuries. But the caffeine-in-food landscape is changing. There are an array of new caffeine-containing energy products, from waffles to sunflower seeds, jelly beans to syrup, even bottled water, entering the marketplace. Years of scientific research have shown that moderate consumption by healthy adults of products containing naturally-occurring caffeine is not associated with adverse health effects. The changing caffeine landscape raises concerns about safety and whether any of these new products might be targeting populations not normally associated with caffeine consumption, namely children and adolescents, and whether caffeine poses a greater health risk to those populations than it does for healthy adults. This report delineates vulnerable populations who may be at risk from caffeine exposure; describes caffeine exposure and risk of cardiovascular and other health effects on vulnerable populations, including additive effects with other ingredients and effects related to pre-existing conditions; explores safe caffeine exposure levels for general and vulnerable populations; and identifies data gaps on caffeine stimulant effects. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations %@ 978-0-309-08258-7 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10219/caffeine-for-the-sustainment-of-mental-task-performance-formulations-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10219/caffeine-for-the-sustainment-of-mental-task-performance-formulations-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 171 %X This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Cardiovascular Disability: Updating the Social Security Listings %@ 978-0-309-15698-1 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12940/cardiovascular-disability-updating-the-social-security-listings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12940/cardiovascular-disability-updating-the-social-security-listings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 304 %X The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a screening tool called the Listing of Impairments to identify claimants who are so severely impaired that they cannot work at all and thus immediately qualify for benefits. In this report, the IOM makes several recommendations for improving SSA's capacity to determine disability benefits more quickly and efficiently using the Listings. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences %@ 978-0-309-18737-4 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9838/health-and-behavior-the-interplay-of-biological-behavioral-and-societal %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9838/health-and-behavior-the-interplay-of-biological-behavioral-and-societal %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 395 %X Health and Behavior reviews our improved understanding of the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social influences and explores findings suggested by recent research—including interventions at multiple levels that we can employ to improve human health. The book covers three main areas: What do biological, behavioral, and social sciences contribute to our understanding of health—including cardiovascular, immune system and brain functioning, behaviors that influence health, the role of social networks and socioeconomic status, and more. What can we learn from applied research on interventions to improve the health of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and larger populations? How can we expeditiously translate research findings into application? %0 Book %T America's Aging: Health in an Older Society %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19267/americas-aging-health-in-an-older-society %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19267/americas-aging-health-in-an-older-society %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 258 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Armstrong, Natalie %E Berkower, Carol %E Luhachack, Lyly %T Developing Wearable Technologies to Advance Understanding of Precision Environmental Health: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27178/developing-wearable-technologies-to-advance-understanding-of-precision-environmental-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27178/developing-wearable-technologies-to-advance-understanding-of-precision-environmental-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X The rapid proliferation of wearable devices that gather data on physical activity and physiology has become commonplace across various sectors of society. Concurrently, the development of advanced wearables and sensors capable of detecting a multitude of compounds presents new opportunities for monitoring environmental exposure risks. Wearable technologies are additionally showing promise in disease prediction, detection, and management, thereby offering potential advancements in the interdisciplinary fields of both environmental health and biomedicine. To gain insight into this burgeoning field, on June 1 and 2, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a 2-day virtual workshop titled Developing Wearable Technologies to Advance Understanding of Precision Environmental Health. Experts from government, industry, and academia convened to discuss emerging applications and the latest advances in wearable technologies. The workshop aimed to explore the potential of wearables in capturing, monitoring, and predicting environmental exposures and risks to inform precision environmental health. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Understanding Pathways to Successful Aging: How Social and Behavioral Factors Affect Health at Older Ages: Workshop in Brief %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21815/understanding-pathways-to-successful-aging-how-social-and-behavioral-factors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21815/understanding-pathways-to-successful-aging-how-social-and-behavioral-factors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 8 %X Research has identified many behavioral, social, and biological factors that are associated with healthy aging. Less well understood are possible causal relationships between such factors and positive aging outcomes or the mechanisms through which these factors may influence the aging process. Improved understanding of these relationships is needed to support the design of interventions to promote healthy outcomes at midlife and older ages. On June 11-12, 2015, the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences held a workshop to explore research strategies and ways to build on existing knowledge about influences on aging. During the workshop, presenters reviewed what is known about three exemplar factors that research has demonstrated are associated with healthy aging: optimism, marital satisfaction, and educational attainment; subsequent discussions focused on possible research designs to expand understanding of causal relationships and the mechanisms through which such factors influence aging, including longitudinal studies, molecular and quantitative genetic approaches, and experimental approaches. This report provides a brief summary of the workshop discussions. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Acute Myocardial Infarction: Setting Priorities for Effectiveness Research %@ 978-0-309-04380-9 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1629/acute-myocardial-infarction-setting-priorities-for-effectiveness-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1629/acute-myocardial-infarction-setting-priorities-for-effectiveness-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 72 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Frumkin, Howard %E Jackson, Richard J. %E Coussens, Christine M. %T Health and the Environment in the Southeastern United States: Rebuilding Unity: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-08541-0 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10535/health-and-the-environment-in-the-southeastern-united-states-rebuilding %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10535/health-and-the-environment-in-the-southeastern-united-states-rebuilding %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 88 %X The purpose of this regional workshop in the Southeast was to broaden the environmental health perspective from its typical focus on environmental toxicology to a view that included the impact of the natural, built, and social environments on human health. Early in the planning, Roundtable members realized that the process of engaging speakers and developing an agenda for the workshop would be nearly as instructive as the workshop itself. In their efforts to encourage a wide scope of participation, Roundtable members sought input from individuals from a broad range of diverse fields-urban planners, transportation engineers, landscape architects, developers, clergy, local elected officials, heads of industry, and others. This workshop summary captures the discussions that occurred during the two-day meeting. During this workshop, four main themes were explored: (1) environmental and individual health are intrinsically intertwined; (2) traditional methods of ensuring environmental health protection, such as regulations, should be balanced by more cooperative approaches to problem solving; (3) environmental health efforts should be holistic and interdisciplinary; and (4) technological advances, along with coordinated action across educational, business, social, and political spheres, offer great hope for protecting environmental health. This workshop report is an informational document that provides a summary of the regional meeting. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Suitor, Carol West %E Kraak, Vivica I. %T Adequacy of Evidence for Physical Activity Guidelines Development: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10402-9 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11819/adequacy-of-evidence-for-physical-activity-guidelines-development-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11819/adequacy-of-evidence-for-physical-activity-guidelines-development-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 212 %X Is there a sufficient evidence base for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to develop a comprehensive set of physical activity guidelines for Americans? To address this question, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop titled "Adequacy of Evidence for Physical Activity Guidelines Development" in Washington, DC on October 23-24, 2006, sponsored by HHS. The workshop summary includes the presentations and discussions of more than 30 experts who were asked to consider the available evidence related to physical activity and the general population, as well as special population subgroups including children and adolescents, pregnant and postpartum women, older adults, and persons with disabilities. The summary provides an overview of the specific issues of relevance in assessing the quality and breadth of the available evidence. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to Prevent and Control Hypertension %@ 978-0-309-14809-2 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12819/a-population-based-policy-and-systems-change-approach-to-prevent-and-control-hypertension %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12819/a-population-based-policy-and-systems-change-approach-to-prevent-and-control-hypertension %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 236 %X Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, affecting nearly one in three Americans. It is prevalent in adults and endemic in the older adult population. Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and disability. Although there is a simple test to diagnose hypertension and relatively inexpensive drugs to treat it, the disease is often undiagnosed and uncontrolled. A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to the Prevention and Control Hypertension identifies a small set of high-priority areas in which public health officials can focus their efforts to accelerate progress in hypertension reduction and control. It offers several recommendations that embody a population-based approach grounded in the principles of measurement, system change, and accountability. The recommendations are designed to shift current hypertension reduction strategies from an individual-based approach to a population-based approach. They are also designed to improve the quality of care provided to individuals with hypertension and to strengthen the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's leadership in seeking a reduction in the sodium intake in the American diet to meet dietary guidelines. The book is an important resource for federal public health officials and organizations, especially the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as medical professionals and community health workers. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24641/nutrition-across-the-lifespan-for-healthy-aging-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24641/nutrition-across-the-lifespan-for-healthy-aging-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 8 %X On September 13-14, 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Food Forum convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to (1) examine trends and patterns in aging and factors related to healthy aging in the United States with a focus on nutrition; (2) examine how nutrition can sustain and promote healthy aging, not only in late adulthood, but beginning in pregnancy and early childhood and extending throughout the lifespan; (3) highlight the role of nutrition in the aging process at various stages in life; (4) discuss changes in organ systems over the lifespan, including the skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems, and changes that occur with age related to cognitive, brain, and mental health; diet-related sensory preferences; oral health; and the microbiome; and (5) explore opportunities to move forward in promoting healthy aging in the United States. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes key points of the workshop presentations and discussions. A comprehensive summary of the workshop will be publicly available in a forthcoming full-length Proceedings of a Workshop.