%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Aiuppa, Laura %E Hewitt, Maria %E Nass, Sharyl J. %T Long-Term Survivorship Care After Cancer Treatment: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47298-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25043/long-term-survivorship-care-after-cancer-treatment-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25043/long-term-survivorship-care-after-cancer-treatment-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 160 %X The 2006 Institute of Medicine (IOM) consensus study report From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition made recommendations to improve the quality of care that cancer survivors receive, in recognition that cancer survivors are at risk for significant physical, psychosocial, and financial repercussions from cancer and its treatment. Since then, efforts to recognize and address the unique needs of cancer survivors have increased, including an emphasis on improving the evidence base for cancer survivorship care and identifying best practices in the delivery of high-quality cancer survivorship care. To examine progress in cancer survivorship care since the Lost in Transition report, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in July 2017, in Washington, DC. Workshop participants highlighted potential opportunities to improve the planning, management, and delivery of cancer survivorship care. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Hewitt, Maria %E Greenfield, Sheldon %E Stovall, Ellen %T From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition %@ 978-0-309-09595-2 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11468/from-cancer-patient-to-cancer-survivor-lost-in-transition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11468/from-cancer-patient-to-cancer-survivor-lost-in-transition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 534 %X With the risk of more than one in three getting cancer during a lifetime, each of us is likely to experience cancer, or know someone who has survived cancer. Although some cancer survivors recover with a renewed sense of life and purpose, what has often been ignored is the toll taken by cancer and its treatment—on health, functioning, sense of security, and well-being. Long lasting effects of treatment may be apparent shortly after its completion or arise years later. The transition from active treatment to post-treatment care is critical to long-term health. From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor focuses on survivors of adult cancer during the phase of care that follows primary treatment. The book raises awareness of the medical, functional, and psychosocial consequences of cancer and its treatment. It defines quality health care for cancer survivors and identifies strategies to achieve it. The book also recommends improvements in the quality of life of cancer survivors through policies that ensure their access to psychosocial services, fair employment practices, and health insurance. This book will be of particular interest to cancer patients and their advocates, health care providers and their leadership, health insurers, employers, research sponsors, and the public and their elected representatives. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Balogh, Erin %E Patlak, Margie %E Nass, Sharyl J. %T Incorporating Weight Management and Physical Activity Throughout the Cancer Care Continuum: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46694-3 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24925/incorporating-weight-management-and-physical-activity-throughout-the-cancer-care-continuum %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24925/incorporating-weight-management-and-physical-activity-throughout-the-cancer-care-continuum %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 138 %X The National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop, Incorporating Weight Management and Physical Activity Throughout the Cancer Care Continuum, on February 13 and 14, 2017, in Washington, DC. The purpose of this workshop was to highlight the current evidence base, gaps in knowledge, and research needs on the associations among obesity, physical activity, weight management, and health outcomes for cancer survivors, as well as to examine the effectiveness of interventions for promoting physical activity and weight management among people living with or beyond cancer. Workshop sessions also reviewed the opportunities and challenges for providing weight management and physical activity interventions to cancer survivors. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Diagnosing and Treating Adult Cancers and Associated Impairments %@ 978-0-309-68400-2 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25956/diagnosing-and-treating-adult-cancers-and-associated-impairments %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25956/diagnosing-and-treating-adult-cancers-and-associated-impairments %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 374 %X Cancer is the second leading cause of death among adults in the United States after heart disease. However, improvements in cancer treatment and earlier detection are leading to growing numbers of cancer survivors. As the number of cancer survivors grows, there is increased interest in how cancer and its treatments may affect a person's ability to work, whether the person has maintained employment throughout the treatment or is returning to work at a previous, current, or new place of employment. Cancer-related impairments and resulting functional limitations may or may not lead to disability as defined by the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), however, adults surviving cancer who are unable to work because of cancer-related impairments and functional limitations may apply for disability benefits from SSA. At the request of SSA, Diagnosing and Treating Adult Cancers and Associated Impairments provides background information on breast cancer, lung cancer, and selected other cancers to assist SSA in its review of the listing of impairments for disability assessments. This report addresses several specific topics, including determining the latest standards of care as well as new technologies for understanding disease processes, treatment modalities, and the effect of cancer on a person's health and functioning, in order to inform SSA's evaluation of disability claims for adults with cancer. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Foley, Kathleen M. %E Gelband, Hellen %T Improving Palliative Care for Cancer: Summary and Recommendations %@ 978-0-309-07563-3 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10147/improving-palliative-care-for-cancer-summary-and-recommendations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10147/improving-palliative-care-for-cancer-summary-and-recommendations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 78 %X It is innately human to comfort and provide care to those suffering from cancer, particularly those close to death. Yet what seems self-evident at an individual, personal level has, by and large, not guided policy at the level of institutions in this country. There is no argument that palliative care should be integrated into cancer care from diagnosis to death. But significant barriers-attitudinal, behavioral, economic, educational, and legal-still limit access to care for a large proportion of those dying from cancer, and in spite of tremendous scientific opportunities for medical progress against all the major symptoms associated with cancer and cancer death, public research institutions have not responded. In accepting a single-minded focus on research toward cure, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need to care for and support patients with advanced disease, and their families.This report builds on and takes forward an agenda set out by the 1997 IOM report Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life, which came at a time when leaders in palliative care and related fields had already begun to air issues surrounding care of the dying. That report identified significant gaps in knowledge about care at the end of life and the need for serious attention from biomedical, social science, and health services researchers. Most importantly, it recognized that the impediments to good care could be identified and potentially remedied. The report itself catalyzed further public involvement in specific initiatives-mostly pilot and demonstration projects and programs funded by the nonprofit foundation community, which are now coming to fruition. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Cancer in Elderly People: Workshop Proceedings %@ 978-0-309-10476-0 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11869/cancer-in-elderly-people-workshop-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11869/cancer-in-elderly-people-workshop-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 106 %X A high proportion of cancer occurs primarily in older persons, and incidence of the major cancers is greater. This, combined with the expansion of an aging America, is bound to have far reaching effects on the nation's healthcare industry. This summary of a workshop held in October 2006, reviews the various important implications of changing demographics and the cancer disease burden in the United States. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Patlak, Margie %E Nass, Sharyl J. %T The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-25333-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13348/the-role-of-obesity-in-cancer-survival-and-recurrence-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13348/the-role-of-obesity-in-cancer-survival-and-recurrence-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 126 %X Recent research suggests that obesity and excess weight can play a prominent role in the incidence and progression of various cancers. Obesity results from an energy imbalance - that is, energy intake that is higher than energy expenditure - could also influence the growth of cancers. Recognizing the impact that current findings on obesity and cancer could have on future cancer prevention and care, the National Cancer policy Forum (NCPF) of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) help a 2-day workshop on "The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence," in Washington, DC, on October 31 and November 1, 2011. The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence: Workshop Summary reviews each presenter's latest clinical evidence on the obesity-cancer link and the molecular mechanisms that might explain that link. Clinicians, researchers, cancer survivors, and policy makers also discussed potential interventions to counter the effects of obesity on cancer, and research and policy measures needed to stem the rising tide of cancer mortality predicted by an increasingly overweight and older population worldwide. The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence: Workshop Summary explores the complex web of molecular mechanisms that underlie the obesity-cancer link, the ways to design future studies to acquire the information needed to guide patient care, what to advise cancer patients about weight loss, diet, exercise, and other measures to reduce their risk of cancer progression or recurrence and policy suggestions related to research, education, and dissemination of the findings on obesity and cancer. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Hewitt, Maria %E Ganz, Patricia A. %T Implementing Cancer Survivorship Care Planning: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10318-3 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11739/implementing-cancer-survivorship-care-planning-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11739/implementing-cancer-survivorship-care-planning-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 320 %X One of the key recommendations of the joint IOM and NRC book, From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition, is that patients completing their primary treatment for cancer be given a summary of their treatment and a comprehensive plan for follow-up. This book answers practical questions about how this "Survivorship Care Plan," including what exactly it should contain, who will be responsible for creating and discussing it, implementation strategies, and anticipated barriers and challenges. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Hewitt, Maria %E Simone, Joseph V. %T Ensuring Quality Cancer Care %@ 978-0-309-06480-4 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6467/ensuring-quality-cancer-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6467/ensuring-quality-cancer-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 256 %X We all want to believe that when people get cancer, they will receive medical care of the highest quality. Even as new scientific breakthroughs are announced, though, many cancer patients may be getting the wrong care, too little care, or too much care, in the form of unnecessary procedures. How close is American medicine to the ideal of quality cancer care for every person with cancer? Ensuring Quality Cancer Care provides a comprehensive picture of how cancer care is delivered in our nation, from early detection to end-of-life issues. The National Cancer Policy Board defines quality care and recommends how to monitor, measure, and extend quality care to all people with cancer. Approaches to accountability in health care are reviewed. What keeps people from getting care? The book explains how lack of medical coverage, social and economic status, patient beliefs, physician decision-making, and other factors can stand between the patient and the best possible care. The board explores how cancer care is shaped by the current focus on evidence-based medicine, the widespread adoption of managed care, where services are provided, and who provides care. Specific shortfalls in the care of breast and prostate cancer are identified. A status report on health services research is included. Ensuring Quality Cancer Care offers wide-ranging data and information in clear context. As the baby boomers approach the years when most cancer occurs, this timely volume will be of special interest to health policy makers, public and private healthcare purchasers, medical professionals, patient advocates, researchers, and people with cancer. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Hewitt, Maria %E Simone, Joseph V. %T Enhancing Data Systems to Improve the Quality of Cancer Care %@ 978-0-309-08649-3 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9970/enhancing-data-systems-to-improve-the-quality-of-cancer-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9970/enhancing-data-systems-to-improve-the-quality-of-cancer-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 175 %X One of the barriers to improving the quality of cancer care in the United States is the inadequacy of data systems. Out-of-date or incomplete information about the performance of doctors, hospitals, health plans, and public agencies makes it hard to gauge the quality of care. Augmenting today's data systems could start to fill the gap. This report examines the strengths and weaknesses of current systems and makes recommendations for enhancing data systems to improve the quality of cancer care. The board's recommendations fall into three key areas: Enhance key elements of the data system infrastructure (i.e., quality-of-care measures, cancer registries and databases, data collection technologies, and analytic capacity). Expand support for analyses of quality of cancer care using existing data systems. Monitor the effectiveness of data systems to promote quality improvement within health systems. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Graig, Laurene %E Alper, Joe %T Integrating the Patient and Caregiver Voice into Serious Illness Care: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46028-6 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24802/integrating-the-patient-and-caregiver-voice-into-serious-illness-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24802/integrating-the-patient-and-caregiver-voice-into-serious-illness-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 100 %X Millions of people—infants, children, adults, and their families—are currently coping with serious illness in the United States. Efforts are intensifying to improve overall care quality through the delivery of person-centered and family-oriented services, for patients of all ages and across disease stages, care settings, and specialties. While aging Baby Boomers are increasing the proportion of patients in the Medicare population over time, the sickest and most vulnerable patients needing health system support and other services to meet their complex needs can be found across the age spectrum and in a broad range of care settings, from perinatal care to geriatric care. Recognizing the need to thoughtfully consider and address the challenges and opportunities in efforts to improve care quality and value, the Roundtable on Quality Care for People with Serious Illness of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held the public workshop Integrating the Patient and Caregiver Voice into Serious Illness Care, on December 15, 2016, in Washington, DC. This workshop was the first in a series planned by the roundtable, and was designed specifically to bring together diverse personal perspectives and experiences about priorities and values that are important to patients and families coping with serious illness, and to consider solutions that support integration of these priorities and values in practice. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Amankwah, Francis %E Patlak, Margie %E Nass, Sharyl %T Addressing the Adverse Consequences of Cancer Treatment: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-27082-3 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26365/addressing-the-adverse-consequences-of-cancer-treatment-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26365/addressing-the-adverse-consequences-of-cancer-treatment-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 88 %X Cancer treatment can lead to an array of significant short- and long-term physical, psychosocial, and socioeconomic consequences for patients and their families. To examine the opportunities to prevent and mitigate the adverse effects of cancer treatment, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop, Addressing the Adverse Consequences of Cancer Treatment, in November 2020. This workshop was convened by the Academies' National Cancer Policy Forum in collaboration with the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence. Workshop presentations and discussions described the range of adverse effects that patients with cancer may experience across the life course, and highlighted potential strategies to improve quality of life for cancer survivors and their families. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pool, Robert %E Stratton, Kathleen %T Bringing Public Health into Urban Revitalization: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-37995-3 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21831/bringing-public-health-into-urban-revitalization-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21831/bringing-public-health-into-urban-revitalization-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 98 %X A particularly valuable opportunity to improve public health arises when an urban area is being redesigned and rebuilt following some type of serious disruption, whether it is caused by a sudden physical event, such as a hurricane or earthquake, or steady economic and social decline that may have occurred over decades. On November 10, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine held a workshop concerning the ways in which the urban environment, conceived broadly from factors such as air quality and walkability to factors such as access to fresh foods and social support systems, can affect health. Participants explored the various opportunities to reimagine the built environment in a city and to increase the role of health promotion and protection during the process of urban revitalization. Bringing Public Health into Urban Revitalization summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Abramson, Mark A. %T The Funding of Social Knowledge Production and Application: A Survey of Federal Agencies %D 1978 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19889/the-funding-of-social-knowledge-production-and-application-a-survey %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19889/the-funding-of-social-knowledge-production-and-application-a-survey %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Education %P 511 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Eden, Jill %E Simone, Joseph V. %T Assessing the Quality of Cancer Care: An Approach to Measurement in Georgia %@ 978-0-309-09569-3 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11244/assessing-the-quality-of-cancer-care-an-approach-to-measurement %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11244/assessing-the-quality-of-cancer-care-an-approach-to-measurement %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 292 %X Shortly after 1998, leading members of Georgia's government, medical community, and public-spirited citizenry began considering ways in which some of Georgia's almost $5 billion, 25-year settlement from the tobacco industry's Master Settlement Agreement with the 50 states could be used to benefit Georgia residents. Given tobacco's role in causing cancer, they decided to create an entity and program with the mission of making Georgia a national leader in cancer prevention, treatment, and research. This new entity--called the Georgia Cancer Coalition, Inc. (GCC)-- and the state of Georgia subsequently began implementing a far-reaching state cancer initiative that includes five strategic goals: (1) preventing cancer and detecting existing cancers earlier; (2) improving access to quality care for all state residents with cancer; (3) saving more lives in the future; (4) training future cancer researchers and caregivers; and (5) turning the eradication of cancer into economic growth for Georgia. Assessing the Quality of Cancer Care identifies a set of measures that could be used to gauge Georgia's progress in improving the quality of its cancer services and in reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Adler, Nancy E. %E Page, Ann E. K. %T Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs %@ 978-0-309-11107-2 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11993/cancer-care-for-the-whole-patient-meeting-psychosocial-health-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11993/cancer-care-for-the-whole-patient-meeting-psychosocial-health-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 454 %X Cancer care today often provides state-of-the-science biomedical treatment, but fails to address the psychological and social (psychosocial) problems associated with the illness. This failure can compromise the effectiveness of health care and thereby adversely affect the health of cancer patients. Psychological and social problems created or exacerbated by cancer—including depression and other emotional problems; lack of information or skills needed to manage the illness; lack of transportation or other resources; and disruptions in work, school, and family life—cause additional suffering, weaken adherence to prescribed treatments, and threaten patients' return to health. Today, it is not possible to deliver high-quality cancer care without using existing approaches, tools, and resources to address patients' psychosocial health needs. All patients with cancer and their families should expect and receive cancer care that ensures the provision of appropriate psychosocial health services. Cancer Care for the Whole Patient recommends actions that oncology providers, health policy makers, educators, health insurers, health planners, researchers and research sponsors, and consumer advocates should undertake to ensure that this standard is met. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nass, Sharyl J. %E Patlak, Margie %T Comprehensive Cancer Care for Children and Their Families: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the American Cancer Society %@ 978-0-309-37441-5 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21754/comprehensive-cancer-care-for-children-and-their-families-summary-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21754/comprehensive-cancer-care-for-children-and-their-families-summary-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 126 %X Childhood cancer is an area of oncology that has seen both remarkable progress as well as substantial continuing challenges. While survival rates for some pediatric cancers present a story of success, for many types of pediatric cancers, little progress has been made. Many cancer treatments are known to cause not only significant acute side effects, but also lead to numerous long-term health risks and reduced quality of life. Even in cases where the cancer is considered curable, the consequences of treatment present substantial long-term health and psychosocial concerns for children, their families, their communities, and our health system. To examine specific opportunities and suggestions for driving optimal care delivery supporting survival with high quality of life, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine and the American Cancer Society co-hosted a workshop which convened experts and members of the public on March 9 and 10, 2015. At this workshop, clinicians and researchers in pediatric oncology, palliative, and psychosocial care, along with representatives from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Cancer Institute, Children's Oncology Group, pharmaceutical companies, and patient advocacy organizations, discussed and developed a menu of options for action to improve research, quality of care, and outcomes for pediatric cancer patients and their families. In addition, parents of children with cancer and pediatric cancer survivors shared their experiences with care and provided poignant personal perspectives on specific quality of life concerns and support needs for children and families across the life spectrum. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T A Stronger Cancer Centers Program: Report of a Study %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9923/a-stronger-cancer-centers-program-report-of-a-study %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9923/a-stronger-cancer-centers-program-report-of-a-study %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 81 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Volberding, Paul A. %E Spicer, Carol Mason %E Cartaxo, Tom %E Aiuppa, Laura %T Childhood Cancer and Functional Impacts Across the Care Continuum %@ 978-0-309-68349-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25944/childhood-cancer-and-functional-impacts-across-the-care-continuum %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25944/childhood-cancer-and-functional-impacts-across-the-care-continuum %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 526 %X Since the late 1960s, the survival rate in children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer has steadily improved, with a corresponding decline in the cancer-specific death rate. Although the improvements in survival are encouraging, they have come at the cost of acute, chronic, and late adverse effects precipitated by the toxicities associated with the individual or combined use of different types of treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy). In some cases, the impairments resulting from cancer and its treatment are severe enough to qualify a child for U.S. Social Security Administration disability benefits. At the request of Social Security Administration, Childhood Cancer and Functional Impacts Across the Care Continuum provides current information and findings and conclusions regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of selected childhood cancers, including different types of malignant solid tumors, and the effect of those cancers on children’s health and functional capacity, including the relative levels of functional limitation typically associated with the cancers and their treatment. This report also provides a summary of selected treatments currently being studied in clinical trials and identifies any limitations on the availability of these treatments, such as whether treatments are available only in certain geographic areas. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Breast Cancer: Setting Priorities for Effectiveness Research %@ 978-0-309-07870-2 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1779/breast-cancer-setting-priorities-for-effectiveness-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1779/breast-cancer-setting-priorities-for-effectiveness-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 72