TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Motivating Local Climate Adaptation and Strengthening Resilience: Making Local Data Trusted, Useful, and Used SN - DO - 10.17226/26261 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26261/motivating-local-climate-adaptation-and-strengthening-resilience-making-local-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Local communities are already experiencing dire effects caused by climate change that are expected to increase in frequency, intensity, duration, and type. Public concern about climate-related challenges is increasing, available information and resources on climate risks are expanding, and cities across the country and the globe are developing approaches to and experience with measures for mitigating climate impacts. Building and sustaining local capacities for climate resilience requires both resilient physical and social infrastructure systems and inclusive, resilient communities. At the request of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Motivating Local Climate Adaptation and Strengthening Resilience provides guidance for active and ongoing efforts to move science and data into action and to enable and empower applied research that will strengthen capacities for hazard mitigation and resilience in communities, across the nation, and around the world. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - V. Ayano Ogawa A2 - Cecilia Mundaca Shah A2 - Anna Nicholson TI - Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks: Readiness for 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25391 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25391/exploring-lessons-learned-from-a-century-of-outbreaks-readiness-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In November 2018, an ad hoc planning committee at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planned two sister workshops held in Washington, DC, to examine the lessons from influenza pandemics and other major outbreaks, understand the extent to which the lessons have been learned, and discuss how they could be applied further to ensure that countries are sufficiently ready for future pandemics. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from both workshops. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative SN - DO - 10.17226/13457 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13457/disaster-resilience-a-national-imperative PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience—the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Fitzhugh Mullan A2 - Claire Panosian A2 - Patricia Cuff TI - Healers Abroad: Americans Responding to the Human Resource Crisis in HIV/AIDS SN - DO - 10.17226/11270 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11270/healers-abroad-americans-responding-to-the-human-resource-crisis-in PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Healers Abroad:Americans Responding to the Human Resource Crisis in HIV/AIDS calls for the federal government to create and fund the United States Global Health Service (GHS) to mobilize the nation�s best health care professionals and other highly skilled experts to help combat HIV/AIDS in hard-hit African, Caribbean, and Southeast Asian countries. The dearth of qualified health care workers in many lowincome nations is often the biggest roadblock to mounting effective responses to public health needs. The proposal�s goal is to build the capacity of targeted countries to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic over the long run. The GHS would be comprised of six multifaceted components. Full-time, salaried professionals would make up the organization�s pivotal �service corps,� working side-by-side with other colleagues already on the ground to provide medical care and drug therapy to affected populations while offering local counterparts training and assistance in clinical, technical, and managerial areas. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Policies of Federal Agencies on Referencing Model Building Codes and National Standards for Construction DO - 10.17226/21033 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21033/policies-of-federal-agencies-on-referencing-model-building-codes-and-national-standards-for-construction PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Use of Building Codes in Federal Agency Construction SN - DO - 10.17226/1385 PY - 1989 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1385/use-of-building-codes-in-federal-agency-construction PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Clara Cohen A2 - Michele Orza A2 - Deepali Patel TI - Design Considerations for Evaluating the Impact of PEPFAR: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12147 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12147/design-considerations-for-evaluating-the-impact-of-pepfar-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Design Considerations for Evaluating the Impact of PEPFAR is the summary of a 2-day workshop on methodological, policy, and practical design considerations for a future evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) interventions carried out under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which was convened by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) on April 30 and May 1, 2007. Participants at the workshop included staff of the U.S. Congress; PEPFAR officials and implementers; major multilateral organizations such as The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis (The Global Fund), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and the World Bank; representatives from international nongovernmental organizations; experienced evaluation experts; and representatives of partner countries, particularly the PEPFAR focus countries. The workshop represented a final element of the work of the congressionally mandated IOM Committee for the Evaluation of PEPFAR Implementation, which published a report of its findings in 2007 evaluating the first 2 years of implementation, but could not address longer term impact evaluation questions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Testing for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8, 2020) DO - 10.17226/25775 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25775/rapid-expert-consultation-on-sars-cov-2-laboratory-testing-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-april-8-2020 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - This rapid expert consultation responds to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) for information on the interpretation of laboratory tests, future developments and research needs. This publication provides scientifically grounded principles that are relevant to decision-making about the interpretation of laboratory tests. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Data Priorities for Population and Health in Developing Countries: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/5442 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5442/data-priorities-for-population-and-health-in-developing-countries-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - John H. Bryant A2 - Polly F. Harrison TI - Global Health in Transition: A Synthesis: Perspectives from International Organizations SN - DO - 10.17226/5513 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5513/global-health-in-transition-a-synthesis-perspectives-from-international-organizations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - For many reasons, this decade is a time of rethinking many things. There is the impending turn of the millenium, an event packed with meaning. There is recent political history, which has changed the global structure of power in ways few could foresee, and there is an economic fluidity worldwide that makes every day unpredictable and the future uncertain. There are movements of people and surges of violence that seem unparalleled, and well may be. We are awash in change, and people everywhere are trying to understand that and read its implications. It is a time that provokes soul-searching: backward, into the lessons and achievements of the past, and forward, into ways for the future to be better. The fields of health and social development are no exception. More specifically, events and conditions in the health sector point to the need to rethink some large issues. Nations everywhere are grappling with the economic and ethical dilemmas of achieving and maintaining healthy populations, since these are both cause and consequence of true development. Increasingly, the thinking is global, because there are comparisons to be learned from, connections that have implications, obligations to fulfill, and costs that are somehow shared. As part of this dynamic, there has been an explosion of analytic documents, published since the start of this decade, that deal mainly, though not exclusively, with health in developing countries. The purpose of Global Health in Transition is to distill the essential elements from those efforts, discuss the major ideas they share and the thoughts they prompt, ask what those might mean for a next agenda in global health, and comment on the shifting context in which our current concepts of the ideal will proveor not provetheir adequacy for the future. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Bruce D. McDowell A2 - Andrew C. Lemer TI - Uses of Risk Analysis to Achieve Balanced Safety in Building Design and Operations SN - DO - 10.17226/1907 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1907/uses-of-risk-analysis-to-achieve-balanced-safety-in-building-design-and-operations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This volume considers engineering risk analysis applications to the field of building safety. Building codes and design criteria used by architects and engineers—standards of good practice defined by industry consensus—have made great strides in bringing the dangers of facilities under control, but the range of hazards (e.g., fire, indoor air pollutants, electrical malfunctions) is broad. Risk analysis offers improved overall safety of new and existing facilities without imposing unacceptable costs. Broad application of risk analysis will help facility professionals, policymakers, and facility users and owners to understand the risks, to determine what levels of risk are socially and economically tolerable, and to manage risk more effectively. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anna Nicholson A2 - Claire Giammaria A2 - Justin Snair TI - Preparing for a Rapid Response to Major Marine Oil Spills: Protecting and Assessing the Health and Well-Being of Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/24924 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24924/preparing-for-a-rapid-response-to-major-marine-oil-spills PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - On August 2–3, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Preparing for a Rapid Response to Major Offshore Oil Spills: A Workshop on Research Needs to Protect the Health and Well-Being of Communities. Its objectives were to explore research needs and other opportunities for improving public health preparedness, response, and protection related to oil spills; consider how to work within and how to complement the existing oil spill response framework to improve the protection of community health and well-being; to inform discussions about how the Gulf Research Program and other divisions of the National Academies can support these efforts; and to foster connections among public health, oil spill practitioners, disaster research communities, and leaders from communities affected by oil spills. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Rachel Taylor A2 - Francis Amankwah A2 - Priyanka Nalamada TI - Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/23617 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23617/engaging-the-private-sector-and-developing-partnerships-to-advance-health-and-the-sustainable-development-goals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In June 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop titled "Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals". Recognizing the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in setting global development priorities for the next 15 years, the centrality of health across all of the goals, and the need for cross-sectoral efforts to make significant progress, the objectives of the workshop were to: (1) clarify the central role of health in sustainable economic and social development, (2) clarify the value of private-sector engagement in advancing health and the SDGs, (3) highlight business strategies and models for engagement in the SDGs, and (4) discuss opportunities and overcoming barriers to advance the goals. This publication summarizes and highlights the messages and discussions that emerged from the individual speakers’ presentations and panel discussions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - GIS for Housing and Urban Development SN - DO - 10.17226/10674 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10674/gis-for-housing-and-urban-development PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The report describes potential applications of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis by HUD’s Office of Policy Development and Research for understanding housing needs, addressing broader issues of urban poverty and community development, and improving access to information and services by the many users of HUD’s data. It offers a vision of HUD as an important player in providing urban data to federal initiatives towards a spatial data infrastructure for the nation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Expansion Joints in Buildings: Technical Report No. 65 SN - DO - 10.17226/9801 PY - 1974 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9801/expansion-joints-in-buildings-technical-report-no-65 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Many factors affect the amount of temperature-induced movement that occurs in a building and the extent to which this movement can occur before serious damage develops or extensive maintenance is required. In some cases joints are being omitted where they are needed, creating a risk of structural failures or causing unnecessary operations and maintenance costs. In other cases, expansion joints are being used where they are not required, increasing the initial cost of construction and creating space utilization problems. As of 1974, there were no nationally acceptable procedures for precise determination of the size and the location of expansion joints in buildings. Most designers and federal construction agencies individually adopted and developed guidelines based on experience and rough calculations leading to significant differences in the various guidelines used for locating and sizing expansion joints. In response to this complex problem, Expansion Joints in Buildings: Technical Report No. 65 provides federal agencies with practical procedures for evaluating the need for through-building expansion joints in structural framing systems. The report offers guidelines and criteria to standardize the practice of expansion joints in buildings and decrease problems associated with the misuse of expansions joints. Expansions Joints in Buildings: Technical Report No. 65 also makes notable recommendations concerning expansion, isolation, joints, and the manner in which they permit separate segments of the structural frame to expand and to contract in response to temperature fluctuations without adversely affecting the buildings structural integrity or serviceability. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Research Council TI - Workshop on Future Airport Passenger Terminals SN - DO - 10.17226/1505 PY - 1989 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1505/workshop-on-future-airport-passenger-terminals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jennifer Saunders TI - Building Regional Capacity Among South and Southeast Asian Countries to Address Emerging Infections and Global Health and Security: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26584 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26584/building-regional-capacity-among-south-and-southeast-asian-countries-to-address-emerging-infections-and-global-health-and-security PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The workshop Building Regional Capacity Among South and Southeast Asian Countries to Address Emerging Infections and Global Health and Security was designed to encourage scientists to examine global issues related to emerging infections and health safety, share experiences and approaches, and identify opportunities for regional cooperation to improve practices and research. More than 50 participants from 12 countries attended the workshop, held in Victoria, Seychelles, from May 8-11, 2016. Participants addressed both human and animal health, because zoonotic infections, such as avian flu and anthrax, have demonstrated that the boundaries between animal and human health are never fixed and increasingly cross. Plant health, which is relevant to human and animal health, was also addressed. This publication highlights the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Raymond J. Burby TI - Cooperating with Nature: Confronting Natural Hazards with Land-Use Planning for Sustainable Communities SN - DO - 10.17226/5785 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5785/cooperating-with-nature-confronting-natural-hazards-with-land-use-planning PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Earth Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - This volume focuses on the breakdown in sustainability—the capacity of the planet to provide quality of life now and in the future—that is signaled by disaster. The authors bring to light why land use and sustainability have been ignored in devising public policies to deal with natural hazards. They lay out a vision of sustainability, concrete suggestions for policy reform, and procedures for planning. The book chronicles the long evolution of land-use planning and identifies key components of sustainable planning for hazards. Stressing the importance of balance in land use, the authors offer principles and specific reforms for achieving their visions of sustainability. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Embracing Change in a Changing World -- Case Studies Applying New Paradigms for Rural and Small Urban Transit Service Delivery DO - 10.17226/13722 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13722/embracing-change-in-a-changing-world-case-studies-applying-new-paradigms-for-rural-and-small-urban-transit-service-delivery PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 99: Embracing Change in a Changing World -- Case Studies Applying New Paradigms for Rural and Small Urban Transit Service Delivery includes case studies of how some transportation providers are addressing the opportunities and challenges of a rapidly changing rural environment. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Hurricane Elena, Gulf Coast: August 29 - September 2, 1985 SN - DO - 10.17226/1765 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1765/hurricane-elena-gulf-coast-august-29-september-2-1985 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Hurricane Elena, following an erratic and difficult-to-forecast course along an unusually large section of the Gulf Coast, posed special problems from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Sarasota, Florida, well before it came ashore on September 2, 1985. Considerable wind damage occurred in this area to structures that were ostensibly designed to resist such extreme wind conditions. Because similar design conditions and building control procedures exist along other U.S. hurricane-prone coasts, the conclusions drawn in this detailed book catalog the structural damage caused by the hurricane and emergency response actions, establish the wind conditions of the storm, review in-depth the building control process used in the area, and conduct necessary structural and wind tunnel tests relevant to a large number of communities along the coastal areas. ER -