TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Long-Term Infrastructure Program Letter Report: January 2, 2020 DO - 10.17226/25691 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25691/long-term-infrastructure-program-letter-report-january-2-2020 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Committee for the Review of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Infrastructure R&D Program has issued its annual letter report on FHWA’s Long-Term Infrastructure Program (LTIP). The LTIP includes FHWA’s Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) and Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Programs.In this report, the committee notes important accomplishments of the LTIP during 2019. The most recent LTPP data release includes new longitudinal transverse profile data, updated climate data, and pavement distress metrics and measured pavement loading that feed directly into pavement design software available through the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Among the other accomplishments for 2019: a number of LTPP data analysis projects addressing predictions of truck and axle loadings were completed; guidance on the use of LTPP traffic data was completed; and, after a lengthy period of technology development, testing, and calibration, the LTBP program is moving forward, to the extent possible with available resources, on NDE data collection on bridge decks.The charge to the committee is to “advise the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Infrastructure R&D Program regarding priorities in terms of the technical tools and products that state departments of transportation need to maintain and improve the performance of their pavements, bridges, and other structures.” The committee was established to provide an ongoing review of the LTIP based on annual meetings with FHWA staff and stakeholders. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Bridge Management Systems for Transportation Agency Decision Making DO - 10.17226/14270 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14270/bridge-management-systems-for-transportation-agency-decision-making PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 397: Bridge Manangement Systems for Transportation Agency Decision Making explores how bridge management systems are employed by transportation agencies in making network-level decisions on resource allocations for their bridge programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges DO - 10.17226/14432 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14432/framework-for-a-national-database-system-for-maintenance-actions-on-highway-bridges PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 668: Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges explores a potential framework that provides a uniform format for collecting, reporting, and storing information on bridge maintenance actions for inclusion in a national bridge maintenance database.Appendixes A through E to NCHRP Report 668 provide detailed information on the different aspects of the research. Links to the individual appendixes are below.Appendix A: Information on Bridge Maintenance ProgramsAppendix B: National Bridge Maintenance Database TablesAppendix C: List of Element Level Costs of Maintenance ActionsAppendix D: Examples of National Bridge Maintenance Database UsesAppendix E: Other National Bridge Maintenance Database Tables ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Long-Term Infrastructure Program Letter Report: January 30, 2019 DO - 10.17226/25377 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25377/long-term-infrastructure-program-letter-report-january-30-2019 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Committee for the Review of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Infrastructure R&D Program has issued its annual letter report on FHWA’s Long-Term Infrastructure Program (LTIP). The LTIP includes FHWA’s Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) and Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Programs. In this report, the committee notes important accomplishments of the LTIP during 2018, including the development of a strategic plan for the LTIP, re-initiation of LTPP data collection, and development of an enhanced portal to FHWA’s bridge data, InfoBridge™. The committee’s report stresses the importance of LTPP and LTBP data for developing improved deterioration models that state Departments of Transportation need to meet federal asset management requirements. The committee’s findings and recommendations urge the LTIP to accelerate collection of bridge deck condition data from the field and to begin planning for collection of data on other bridge components, including through accelerated laboratory testing. The committee also recommends actions to strengthen awareness of, and support for, the LTIP moving forward.The charge to the committee is to “advise the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Infrastructure R&D Program regarding priorities in terms of the technical tools and products that state departments of transportation need to maintain and improve the performance of their pavements, bridges, and other structures.” The committee was established to provide an ongoing review of the LTIP based on annual meetings with FHWA staff and stakeholders. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research SN - DO - 10.17226/13172 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13172/relieving-pain-in-america-a-blueprint-for-transforming-prevention-care PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Chronic pain costs the nation up to $635 billion each year in medical treatment and lost productivity. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to enlist the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in examining pain as a public health problem. In this report, the IOM offers a blueprint for action in transforming prevention, care, education, and research, with the goal of providing relief for people with pain in America. To reach the vast multitude of people with various types of pain, the nation must adopt a population-level prevention and management strategy. The IOM recommends that HHS develop a comprehensive plan with specific goals, actions, and timeframes. Better data are needed to help shape efforts, especially on the groups of people currently underdiagnosed and undertreated, and the IOM encourages federal and state agencies and private organizations to accelerate the collection of data on pain incidence, prevalence, and treatments. Because pain varies from patient to patient, healthcare providers should increasingly aim at tailoring pain care to each person's experience, and self-management of pain should be promoted. In addition, because there are major gaps in knowledge about pain across health care and society alike, the IOM recommends that federal agencies and other stakeholders redesign education programs to bridge these gaps. Pain is a major driver for visits to physicians, a major reason for taking medications, a major cause of disability, and a key factor in quality of life and productivity. Given the burden of pain in human lives, dollars, and social consequences, relieving pain should be a national priority. ER - TY - BOOK TI - The National Scholars Program: Excellence with Diversity for the Future - Program Design DO - 10.17226/9106 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9106/the-national-scholars-program-excellence-with-diversity-for-the-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - ER - TY - BOOK TI - The National Scholars Program - SUMMARY: Excellence with Diversity for the Future DO - 10.17226/9851 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9851/the-national-scholars-program-summary-excellence-with-diversity-for-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council A2 - Steve Olson A2 - Jay B. Labov TI - Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit SN - DO - 10.17226/13399 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13399/community-colleges-in-the-evolving-stem-education-landscape-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The National Research Council (NRC) and National Academy of Engineering (NAE) have released a new report, Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit. Based on a national summit that was supported by the National Science Foundation and organized by the NRC and the NAE, the report highlights the importance of community colleges, especially in emerging areas of STEM (Sciene, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and preparation of the STEM workforce. Community colleges are also essential in accommodating growing numbers of students and in retraining displaced workers in skills needed in the new economy. Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit looks at the changing and evolving relationships between community colleges and four-year institutions, with a focus on partnerships and articulation processes that can facilitate student success in STEM; expanding participation of students from historically underrepresented populations in undergraduate STEM education; and how subjects, such as mathematics, can serve as gateways or barriers to college completion. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council A2 - Mary C. Mattis A2 - John Sislin TI - Enhancing the Community College Pathway to Engineering Careers SN - DO - 10.17226/11438 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11438/enhancing-the-community-college-pathway-to-engineering-careers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Community colleges play an important role in starting students on the road to engineering careers, but students often face obstacles in transferring to four-year educational institutions to continue their education. Enhancing the Community College Pathway to Engineering Careers, a new book from the National Academy of Engineering and the National Research Council, discusses ways to improve the transfer experience for students at community colleges and offers strategies to enhance partnerships between those colleges and four-year engineering schools to help students transfer more smoothly. In particular, the book focuses on challenges and opportunities for improving transfer between community colleges and four-year educational institutions, recruitment and retention of students interested in engineering, the curricular content and quality of engineering programs, opportunities for community colleges to increase diversity in the engineering workforce, and a review of sources of information on community college and transfer students. It includes a number of current policies, practices, and programs involving community college–four-year institution partnerships. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s: Highlights of a Decadal Survey DO - 10.17226/26933 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26933/pathways-to-discovery-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-2020s PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Recent discoveries and emerging technologies in astronomy and astrophysics have sparked transformative new endeavors to understand the universe and our place in it. This booklet presents an ambitious vision for exploring the cosmos over the next decade and beyond. It outlines the investments needed to cultivate and sustain the people who drive innovation and discovery, the tools to carry out the science, and the research insights that will expand humanity’s horizons. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - James Gentile A2 - Kerry Brenner A2 - Amy Stephens TI - Undergraduate Research Experiences for STEM Students: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities SN - DO - 10.17226/24622 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24622/undergraduate-research-experiences-for-stem-students-successes-challenges-and-opportunities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Undergraduate research has a rich history, and many practicing researchers point to undergraduate research experiences (UREs) as crucial to their own career success. There are many ongoing efforts to improve undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education that focus on increasing the active engagement of students and decreasing traditional lecture-based teaching, and UREs have been proposed as a solution to these efforts and may be a key strategy for broadening participation in STEM. In light of the proposals questions have been asked about what is known about student participation in UREs, best practices in UREs design, and evidence of beneficial outcomes from UREs. Undergraduate Research Experiences for STEM Students provides a comprehensive overview of and insights about the current and rapidly evolving types of UREs, in an effort to improve understanding of the complexity of UREs in terms of their content, their surrounding context, the diversity of the student participants, and the opportunities for learning provided by a research experience. This study analyzes UREs by considering them as part of a learning system that is shaped by forces related to national policy, institutional leadership, and departmental culture, as well as by the interactions among faculty, other mentors, and students. The report provides a set of questions to be considered by those implementing UREs as well as an agenda for future research that can help answer questions about how UREs work and which aspects of the experiences are most powerful. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth T. Cady A2 - Cameron H. Fletcher A2 - Joe Alper TI - Sharing Exemplary Admissions Practices That Promote Diversity in Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/27278 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27278/sharing-exemplary-admissions-practices-that-promote-diversity-in-engineering-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The National Academy of Engineering convened a three-day workshop from May 24-26, 2021, which sought to define directions for future research on best practices, metrics, and policies that promote diversity in engineering and how they fit into the larger system of recruiting and retaining engineering students from all backgrounds. Workshop discussions examined the system of higher education admissions, transfer and 3+2 programs, research on admissions, and the advantages of and concerns with using artificial intelligence and data science tools in recruiting, admissions, and retention. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Steve Olson A2 - Kenan Jarboe TI - Engineering Societies' Activities in Promoting Diversity and Inclusion: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25323 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25323/engineering-societies-activities-in-promoting-diversity-and-inclusion-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - As part of a series of workshops on the role of engineering societies in engineering education in the United States, the National Academy of Engineering held a workshop titled “Engineering Societies’ Activities in Promoting Diversity and Inclusion” on June 4, 2018. The goals were to explore how engineering societies can promote diversity and inclusion in engineering, provide an opportunity for societies to share promising practices, and investigate possible collaborative actions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Chandler Duncan and Kyle Schroeckenthaler TI - Resource Allocation of Available Funding to Programs of Work DO - 10.17226/24793 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24793/resource-allocation-of-available-funding-to-programs-of-work PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 510: Resource Allocation of Available Funding to Programs of Work explores the decision-making process in state departments of transportation (DOTs) and how they determine resource allocation among different programs. The report documents current processes, techniques, tools, and data used to evaluate and select funding allocations around the country. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Lorelle L. Espinosa A2 - Kent McGuire A2 - Leigh Miles Jackson TI - Minority Serving Institutions: America's Underutilized Resource for Strengthening the STEM Workforce SN - DO - 10.17226/25257 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25257/minority-serving-institutions-americas-underutilized-resource-for-strengthening-the-stem PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Industry and Labor KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - There are over 20 million young people of color in the United States whose representation in STEM education pathways and in the STEM workforce is still far below their numbers in the general population. Their participation could help re-establish the United States' preeminence in STEM innovation and productivity, while also increasing the number of well-educated STEM workers. There are nearly 700 minority-serving institutions (MSIs) that provide pathways to STEM educational success and workforce readiness for millions of students of color—and do so in a mission-driven and intentional manner. They vary substantially in their origins, missions, student demographics, and levels of institutional selectivity. But in general, their service to the nation provides a gateway to higher education and the workforce, particularly for underrepresented students of color and those from low-income and first-generation to college backgrounds. The challenge for the nation is how to capitalize on the unique strengths and attributes of these institutions and to equip them with the resources, exceptional faculty talent, and vital infrastructure needed to educate and train an increasingly critical portion of current and future generations of scientists, engineers, and health professionals. Minority Serving Institutions examines the nation's MSIs and identifies promising programs and effective strategies that have the highest potential return on investment for the nation by increasing the quantity and quality MSI STEM graduates. This study also provides critical information and perspective about the importance of MSIs to other stakeholders in the nation's system of higher education and the organizations that support them. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - To Recruit and Advance: Women Students and Faculty in Science and Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/11624 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11624/to-recruit-and-advance-women-students-and-faculty-in-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Although more women than men participate in higher education in the United States, the same is not true when it comes to pursuing careers in science and engineering. To Recruit and Advance: Women Students and Faculty in Science and Engineering identifies and discusses better practices for recruitment, retention, and promotion for women scientists and engineers in academia. Seeking to move beyond yet another catalog of challenges facing the advancement of women in academic science and engineering, this book describes actions actually taken by universities to improve the situation for women. Serving as a guide, it examines the following: Recruitment of female undergraduates and graduate students. Ways of reducing attrition in science and engineering degree programs in the early undergraduate years. Improving retention rates of women at critical transition points—from undergraduate to graduate student, from graduate student to postdoc, from postdoc to first faculty position. Recruitment of women for tenure-track positions. Increasing the tenure rate for women faculty. Increasing the number of women in administrative positions. This guide offers numerous solutions that may be of use to other universities and colleges and will be an essential resource for anyone interested in improving the position of women students, faculty, deans, provosts, and presidents in science and engineering. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Bridge Inspection Practices DO - 10.17226/14127 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14127/bridge-inspection-practices PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 375: Bridge Inspection Practices examines bridge inspection practices in the United States and selected foreign countries. The report explores inspection personnel (staff titles and functions, qualifications, training and certification, inspection teams, and the assignment of teams to bridges), inspection types (focus, methods, and frequency), and inspection quality control and quality assurance. The report also reviews the uses agencies make of information gathered from bridge inspections, what triggers repairs, and plans for future development of inspection programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gilda A. Barabino A2 - Susan T. Fiske A2 - Layne A. Scherer A2 - Emily A. Vargas TI - Advancing Antiracism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in STEMM Organizations: Beyond Broadening Participation SN - DO - 10.17226/26803 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26803/advancing-antiracism-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-stemm-organizations-beyond PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic groups continue to face systemic barriers that impede their ability to access, persist, and thrive in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) higher education and workforce. Without actively dismantling policies and practices that disadvantage people from minoritized groups, STEMM organizations stand to lose much needed talent and innovation as well as the ideas that come from having a diverse workforce. A new report from the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences examines the backdrop of systemic racism in the United States that has harmed and continues to harm people from minoritized groups, which is critical for understanding the unequal representation in STEMM. The report outlines actions that top leaders and gatekeepers in STEMM organizations, such as presidents and chief executive officers, can take to foster a culture and climate of antiracism, diversity, equity, and inclusion that is genuinely accessible and supportive to all. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Surmounting the Barriers: Ethnic Diversity in Engineering Education: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/18847 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18847/surmounting-the-barriers-ethnic-diversity-in-engineering-education-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Education AB - Surmounting the Barriers: Ethnic Diversity in Engineering Education is the summary of a workshop held in September 2013 to take a fresh look at the impediments to greater diversification in engineering education. The workshop brought together educators in engineering from two- and four-year colleges and staff members from the three sponsoring organizations: the National Science Foundation, the National Academy of Engineering and the American Society for Engineering Education. While the goal of diversifying engineering education has long been recognized, studied, and subjected to attempted interventions, progress has been fitful and slow. This report discusses reasons why past recommendations to improve diversity had not been adopted in full or in part. Surmounting the Barriers identifies a series of key impediments, including a lack of incentives for faculty and institutions; inadequate or only short-term financial support; an unsupportive institutional and faculty culture and environment; a lack of institutional and constituent engagement; and inadequate assessments, metrics, and data tracking. The report also shares success stories about instances where barriers to diversity have been identified and surmounted, and the resources that could enable real solutions to implement steps toward progress. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Steve Olson TI - Engineering Societies and Undergraduate Engineering Education: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24878 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24878/engineering-societies-and-undergraduate-engineering-education-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Engineering professional societies in the United States are engaged in a wide range of activities involving undergraduate education. However, these activities generally are not coordinated and have not been assessed in such a way that information about their procedures and outcomes can be shared. Nor have they been assessed to determine whether they are optimally configured to mesh with corresponding initiatives undertaken by industry and academia. Engineering societies work largely independently on undergraduate education, leaving open the question of how much more effective their efforts could be if they worked more collaboratively—with each other as well as with academia and industry. To explore the potential for enhancing societies’ role at the undergraduate level, the National Academy of Engineering held a workshop on the engagement of engineering societies in undergraduate engineering education. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER -