%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Haller, Norm %T Army Medical Research and Development Infrastructure Planning: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68250-3 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25921/army-medical-research-and-development-infrastructure-planning-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25921/army-medical-research-and-development-infrastructure-planning-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 84 %X At the request of the U.S. Army, the Board on Army Research and Development of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a 3-day workshop to explore how the Army can improve its strategic medical infrastructure planning with a view to 2035. The workshop, held July 14-16, 2020, brought together experts and key stakeholders from academia, industry, and government. The Army requires fidelity, consistency, and predictability in planning and managing research, development, test, and evaluation resources for medical infrastructure across all appropriation sources to effectively develop, deliver, and respond to military medical capability needs. In response to the Army's requirement, the workshop was designed to address the components of a sustainable, reinforcing enterprise framework (organizational and fiscal). Presentations and discussions examined roles, responsibilities, and coordinating mechanisms among major stakeholders of battlefield medicine; case studies of comparably complex non-government enterprise solutions; and opportunities to link ends, ways, and means for improvements. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assistance to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command with Preparation of a Risk Assessment for the Medical Countermeasures Test and Evaluation (MCMT&E) Facility at Fort Detrick, Maryland: A Letter Report %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13161/assistance-to-the-us-army-medical-research-and-materiel-command-with-preparation-of-a-risk-assessment-for-the-medical-countermeasures-test-and-evaluation-mcmte-facility-at-fort-detrick-maryland %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13161/assistance-to-the-us-army-medical-research-and-materiel-command-with-preparation-of-a-risk-assessment-for-the-medical-countermeasures-test-and-evaluation-mcmte-facility-at-fort-detrick-maryland %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 40 %X The U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command plans to construct and operate a new Medical Countermeasures Test and Evaluation facility at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. The facility is intended to handle infectious agents that require safety precautions to the extent of animal biosafety level-3 and -4 and biosafety level-3 and -4. An Army contractor is currently developing a site-specific risk assessment as part of the process to support construction of the proposed facility. This letter report presents an evaluation of the proposed approach to conducting the risk assessment, and offers guidance on the selection of pathogenic agents, scenarios, and assessment approaches. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Haller, Norman %T Army Combat Trauma Care in 2035: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25724/army-combat-trauma-care-in-2035-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25724/army-combat-trauma-care-in-2035-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 12 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, under the auspices of the Board on Army Research and Development, convened a workshop of leading military, researchers, medical, and intelligence professionals on November 18, 2019, to examine the future of Army combat trauma care and emerging medical advancements that could improve soldier survivability in high-intensity conflicts in 2035. Specifically, the workshop participants explored and discussed how bioengineering can return soldiers to the fight more quickly; areas of Army tactical combat care that can be improved now; and future related threats, risks, and status of preparedness. This publication highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Future Uses of the Department of Defense Joint Pathology Center Biorepository %@ 978-0-309-26065-7 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13443/future-uses-of-the-department-of-defense-joint-pathology-center-biorepository %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13443/future-uses-of-the-department-of-defense-joint-pathology-center-biorepository %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 200 %X Founded during the Civil War as the Army Medical Museum, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) amassed the world's largest collection of human pathologic specimens and was considered a premier consultation, education, and research facility by the end of the 20th century. Samples from the AFIP were instrumental in helping to solve public health mysteries, such as the sequence of the genome of the 1918 influenza virus that killed more than 40 million people worldwide. In 2005, the federal Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended that the AFIP be closed, and its biorepository was transferred to the newly created Joint Pathology Center. During the transition, the Department of Defense asked the IOM to provide advice on operating the biorepository, managing its collection, and determining appropriate future use of specimens for consultation, education, and research. Future Uses of the Department of Defense Joint Pathology Center Biorepository, the IOM proposes a series of protocols, standards, safeguards, and guidelines that could help to ensure that this national treasure continues to be available to researchers in the years to come, while protecting the privacy of the people who provided the materials and maintaining the security of their personal information. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models %@ 978-0-309-10211-7 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11640/overcoming-challenges-to-develop-countermeasures-against-aerosolized-bioterrorism-agents-appropriate %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11640/overcoming-challenges-to-develop-countermeasures-against-aerosolized-bioterrorism-agents-appropriate %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 87 %X The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) gives the highest priority to developing countermeasures against bioterrorism agents that are highly infective when dispersed in aerosol form. Developing drugs to prevent or treat illnesses caused by bioterrorism agents requires testing their effectiveness in animals since human clinical trials would be unethical. At the request of NIAID, the National Academies conducted a study to examine how such testing could be improved. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents provides recommendations to researchers on selecting the kinds of animal models, aerosol generators, and bioterrorism agent doses that would produce conditions that most closely mimic the disease process in humans. It also urges researchers to fully document experimental parameters in the literature so that studies can be reproduced and compared. The book recommends that all unclassified data on bioterrorism agent studies--including unclassified, unpublished data from U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)--be published in the open literature. The book also calls on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to improve the process by which bioterrorism countermeasures are approved based on the results of animal studies. %0 Book %T Resident Research Associateships, Postdoctoral and Senior Research Awards: 1997 Opportunities for Research Tenable at the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21576/resident-research-associateships-postdoctoral-and-senior-research-awards-1997-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21576/resident-research-associateships-postdoctoral-and-senior-research-awards-1997-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 137 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Brachman, Philip S. %E O'Maonaigh, Heather C. %E Miller, Richard N. %T Perspectives on the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System: A Program Review %@ 978-0-309-07635-7 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10203/perspectives-on-the-department-of-defense-global-emerging-infections-surveillance-and-response-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10203/perspectives-on-the-department-of-defense-global-emerging-infections-surveillance-and-response-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 214 %X Perspectives on the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System: A Program Review describes the capacity, quality, and effectiveness of the international and domestic facilities and programs that are a part of a DoD system to monitor and address emerging infectious diseases globally. The committee concludes that the goals of the system are in U.S. military, U.S. civilian, and global public health interests and that substantial progress has been made toward achieving system goals. %0 Book %T Strategies for Managing the Breast Cancer Research Program: A Report to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20877/strategies-for-managing-the-breast-cancer-research-program-a-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20877/strategies-for-managing-the-breast-cancer-research-program-a-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 67 %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Review of the DoD-GEIS Influenza Programs: Strengthening Global Surveillance and Response %@ 978-0-309-11010-5 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11974/review-of-the-dod-geis-influenza-programs-strengthening-global-surveillance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11974/review-of-the-dod-geis-influenza-programs-strengthening-global-surveillance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 248 %X The influenza pandemics of 1918, 1957, and 1968 offer a warning to the world about the potential dangers of the influenza virus. In 2006, after a series of cases and clusters of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian virus made clear the threat of a possible pandemic, the U.S. Congress allocated $39 million to the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) to increase and improve its worldwide influenza surveillance network through upgrades to its domestic and overseas laboratories' capabilities. An Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee was subsequently formed to evaluate the effectiveness of these laboratory-based programs in relation to the supplemental funding, and the report that follows details the committee's findings. The committee that prepared this report, the Committee for the Assessment of DoD-GEIS Influenza Surveillance and Response Programs, was convened at the request of DoD-GEIS management to evaluate the execution of the fiscal year 2006 supplemental funding for avian influenza/ pandemic influenza (AI/PI) surveillance and response. The committee was tasked with evaluating the DoD-GEIS AI/PI surveillance program for the worth of each funded project's contribution to a comprehensive AI/PI surveillance program; the adequacy of the program in view of the evolving epidemiologic factors; responsiveness to the intent of Congress as expressed in Sec. 748, H.R.1815, Pandemic Avian Flu Preparedness; consistency with the DoD and national plans; and coordination of efforts with CDC, WHO, and local governments. Review of the DoD-GEIS Influenza Programs: Strengthening Global Surveillance and Response reviews the development of conclusions and recommendations with long-term, program-level relevance as well as conclusions and recommendations regarding the improvement of specific DoD-GEIS projects. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Evaluation of the Health and Safety Risks of the New USAMRIID High-Containment Facilities at Fort Detrick, Maryland %@ 978-0-309-15145-0 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12871/evaluation-of-the-health-and-safety-risks-of-the-new-usamriid-high-containment-facilities-at-fort-detrick-maryland %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12871/evaluation-of-the-health-and-safety-risks-of-the-new-usamriid-high-containment-facilities-at-fort-detrick-maryland %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 86 %X The U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases in Frederick, Maryland, is designed to handle pathogens that cause serious or potentially lethal diseases, which require the research performed on them be contained to specialized laboratories. In 2007 a decision was made to expand those facilities causing concern among area residents that public health and safety risks, and strategies to mitigate those concerns were not adequately considered in the decision to go forward with the expansion. In Evaluation of the Health and Safety Risks of the New USAMRIID High Containment Facilities at Fort Detrick, Maryland a group of experts in areas including biosafety, infectious diseases, industrial hygiene, environmental engineering, risk assessment and epidemiology, explored whether measures were being taken to ensure prevention and mitigation of risk to the health and safety of workers and the public. They also assessed whether the procedures and regulations employed meet accepted standards of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Evaluation of the Health and Safety Risks of the New USAMRIID High Containment Facilities at Fort Detrick, Maryland evaluates the health and safety aspects of the environmental impact statement developed to support the construction of the new laboratories and explores the institute's operating requirements, medical and emergency management response plans and communication and cooperation with the public. The book recommends that USAMRIID continue to set high standards for advancing security, operational, and biosurety measures, and that additional measures be taken to provide assurance that experienced medical professionals are readily available to consult on unusual infectious diseases. It also suggests that USAMRIID expand its two-way communications with the public. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Graves, Patricia M. %E Levine, Myron M. %T Battling Malaria: Strengthening the U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program %@ 978-0-309-10168-4 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11656/battling-malaria-strengthening-the-us-military-malaria-vaccine-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11656/battling-malaria-strengthening-the-us-military-malaria-vaccine-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X Malaria is an infectious disease common to several parts of the world, including Africa, northern South America, and Asia. During their service in the military, U.S. active members may be sent to any part of the world, including parts of the world where Malaria is an issue. In Liberia in 2003, for example, there was a 28 percent attack rate in Marines who spent a short time ashore, and half of the 80 Marines affected needed to be evacuated to Germany. This was not only costly to the U.S. military but dangerous as well. To fight against this disease, there exists a Malaria Vaccine program in the U.S. military. However, there exists a variety of potential vaccine targets for the most severe and important form of malaria; malaria from the species Plasmodium falciparum. Issues also arise with the fact that there are three possible stages to create vaccines against—preerythrocytic, blood, or transmission. The Department of Defense (DoD), through the commanding general of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) conduct a programmatic review of the military Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine research and development program. There was to be a focus on vaccine against the preerythrocytic and blood stages. The IOM formed a committee of 11 experts with collective expertise in malaria vaccine research, parasite immunology, malarial biology, clinical trials and regulatory affairs, industrial and public-sector vaccine development, biologic products research and development (vaccinology), military research and development programs, tropical medicine, and public health. The committee focused different tasks including determining whether the DoD malaria vaccine research and development program is scientifically sound and able to achieve the vaccine program objectives within specified timelines, recommending how to overcome significant, identified barriers, and identifying major strategic goals and timelines based on the material received and presentations made by the DoD's program representatives. Battling Malaria: Strengthening the U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program presents the committee's findings, current malaria vaccines, and recommendations for the development of the U.S. Military vaccine research. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Weight Management: State of the Science and Opportunities for Military Programs %@ 978-0-309-08996-8 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10783/weight-management-state-of-the-science-and-opportunities-for-military %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10783/weight-management-state-of-the-science-and-opportunities-for-military %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 276 %X The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E McGeary, Michael %E Hanna, Kathi E. %T Strategies to Leverage Research Funding: Guiding DOD's Peer Reviewed Medical Research Programs %@ 978-0-309-09277-7 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11089/strategies-to-leverage-research-funding-guiding-dods-peer-reviewed-medical %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11089/strategies-to-leverage-research-funding-guiding-dods-peer-reviewed-medical %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 192 %X Since 1992 the Department of Defense (DOD), through the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command, has received congressionally earmarked appropriations for programs of biomedical research on prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer; neurofibromatosis; tuberous sclerosis; and other health problems. Appropriations for these Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs are used to support peer reviewed extramural research project, training, and infrastructure grants. Congress has become concerned about funding increases for these programs given current demands on the military budget. At the request of Congress, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined possibilities of augmenting program funding from alternative sources. The resulting IOM book, Strategies to Leverage Research Funding: Guiding DOD’s Peer Reviewed Medical Research Programs, focuses on nonfederal and private sector contributions that could extend the appropriated funds without biasing the peer review project selection process. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Strategies That Influence Cost Containment in Animal Research Facilities %@ 978-0-309-07261-8 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10006/strategies-that-influence-cost-containment-in-animal-research-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10006/strategies-that-influence-cost-containment-in-animal-research-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 163 %X Care and use of animals in research are expensive, prompting efforts to contain or reduce costs. Components of those costs are personnel, regulatory compliance, veterinary medical care, and laboratory animal management, equipment, and procedures. Many efforts have been made to control and reduce personnel costs, the largest contributing factor to cost, through better facility and equipment design, more efficient use of personnel, and automation of many routine operations. However, there has been no comprehensive, recent analysis of the various cost components or examination of the strategies that have been proven or are purported to decrease the cost of animal facility operation. Strategies that Influence Cost Containment in Animal Research Facilities examines the current interpretation of governmental policy (Office of Management and Budget Circular A-21) concerning institutional reimbursement for overhead costs of an animal research facility and describes methods for economically operating an animal research facility. This report develops recommendations by which federal auditors and research institutions can establish what cost components of research animal facilities should be charged to institutions' indirect cost pool and what animal research facility cost components should be included in the per diem charges to investigators, and assesses the financial and scientific ramifications that these criteria would have among federally funded institutions. Further, the report determines the cost components of laboratory animal care and use in biomedical research and assesses and recommends methods of cost containment for institutions maintaining animals for biomedical research. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of Report and Approach to Evaluating Long-Term Health Effects in Army Test Subjects: Interim Report %@ 978-0-309-47209-8 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25025/review-of-report-and-approach-to-evaluating-long-term-health-effects-in-army-test-subjects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25025/review-of-report-and-approach-to-evaluating-long-term-health-effects-in-army-test-subjects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 26 %X Between 1942 and 1975, the U.S. Army conducted tests with human subjects to study the effects of a variety of agents, including chemical warfare and biological agents. The potential long-term health effects on the test subjects from their exposures have been evaluated periodically, most recently in a report titled Assessment of Potential Long-Term Health Effects on Army Human Test Subjects of Relevant Biological and Chemical Agents, Drugs, Medications and Substances: Literature Review and Analysis (the Report), which was prepared by a contractor to assist the Army with making determinations about providing medical care to former test subjects. In response to a request by the Army, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed a committee that was tasked with examining whether the Report appropriately identified potential long-term health effects from exposure to the test agents and whether an adequate weight-of-evidence approach was used to characterize the strength of the associations between the agents and their potential health effects. The committee was made aware at its first meeting on November 30, 2017, that the Army had already begun to receive applications for medical care and that some determinations may need to be made before the committee's evaluation of the Report was completed. Because of this urgency, the Army developed a process by which applications for medical care will be reviewed, and as a result, the committee was given the additional task of reviewing the Army's Memorandum that describes the approach that will be used by the Army to evaluate agent- and outcome-specific associations. This interim report was prepared to facilitate the Army's deliberations. A review of the Report is presented first, followed by a review of the Memorandum. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Symposium on Preventive and Social Psychiatry %D 1958 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20228/symposium-on-preventive-and-social-psychiatry %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20228/symposium-on-preventive-and-social-psychiatry %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 545 %0 Book %T Motion Devices for Linear and Angular Oscillation and for Abrupt Acceleration Studies on Human Subjects (Impact), a Description of Facilities in Use and Proposed: A Special Report %D 1961 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21387/motion-devices-for-linear-and-angular-oscillation-and-for-abrupt-acceleration-studies-on-human-subjects-impact-a-description-of-facilities-in-use-and-proposed %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21387/motion-devices-for-linear-and-angular-oscillation-and-for-abrupt-acceleration-studies-on-human-subjects-impact-a-description-of-facilities-in-use-and-proposed %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Engineering and Technology %P 143 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research %@ 978-0-309-05780-6 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5808/a-review-of-the-department-of-defenses-program-for-breast-cancer-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5808/a-review-of-the-department-of-defenses-program-for-breast-cancer-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 152 %X According to current statistical data, one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. The five-year survival rate for breast cancer patients has improved in recent years, but the overall mortality rates have changed little. In 1993 Congress allocated $210 million for breast cancer research as part of the Department of Defense budget. An Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee was convened at that time to advise the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command on strategies for managing a breast cancer research program. This book evaluates the program's management and achievements to date. Although it is too early to evaluate the program in terms of breakthrough results and new insights produced by the funded projects or investigators, this book documents the process used to select research proposals for funding and analyzes the portfolio of funded projects in terms of their responsiveness to the recommendations and fundamental questions articulated in the 1993 IOM report.