%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %E Sztein, Ester %T International Perspectives in U.S. Psychological Science Journals: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26742/international-perspectives-in-us-psychological-science-journals-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26742/international-perspectives-in-us-psychological-science-journals-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 14 %X Most empirical research in psychology historically has been conducted in North America and Western Europe, despite the importance placed on culture in theoretical models. The consequence of conducting basic science only in high-income, Western countries is that psychological science is defined by the experiences of individuals in those countries. Collecting data in a wide range of countries, establishing international collaborations, and incorporating diverse cultural perspectives are central to the effort to expand cultural context. Publishing the research in high-quality, peer-reviewed journals is also critical. To discuss the challenges of publishing high quality international work in U.S. journals and suggest solutions to incorporate international perspectives into U.S. psychological journals, the U.S. National Committee for Psychological Science of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine invited journal editors, society representatives, and publishers to a virtual workshop on June 28 and 29, 2021. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Carstensen, Laura L. %E Hartel, Christine R. %T When I'm 64 %@ 978-0-309-10064-9 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11474/when-im-64 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11474/when-im-64 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 280 %X By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals. %0 Book %E Fischhoff, Baruch %E Crowell, Nancy A. %E Kipke, Michele %T Adolescent Decision Making: Implications for Prevention Programs: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-06479-8 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9468/adolescent-decision-making-implications-for-prevention-programs-summary-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9468/adolescent-decision-making-implications-for-prevention-programs-summary-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 32 %X Interest in the role that decision making plays in adolescents' involvement in high-risk behaviors led the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to request the Board on Children, Youth, and Families to convene a workshop on adolescent decision making. The Board on Children, Youth, and Families is a joint activity of the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine. A workshop was held on January 6-7, 1998, to examine what is known about adolescents' decision-making skills and the implications of that knowledge for programs to further their healthy development. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Baciu, Alina B. %T Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25030/exploring-early-childhood-care-and-education-levers-to-improve-population-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25030/exploring-early-childhood-care-and-education-levers-to-improve-population-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 9 %X Experts from the health and the early childhood care and education (ECE) fields gathered on September 14, 2017, in New York City at a workshop hosted by the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement. The workshop presentations and discussion focused on the evidence base at the intersection of the two fields; on exploring current effective strategies, ways to expand current efforts, and ways to work together in the future; and on the policy levers available to improve early childhood development, health, and learning. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Stern, Paul C. %E Carstensen, Laura L. %T The Aging Mind: Opportunities in Cognitive Research %@ 978-0-309-06940-3 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9783/the-aging-mind-opportunities-in-cognitive-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9783/the-aging-mind-opportunities-in-cognitive-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 288 %X Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %A Institute of Medicine %T Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering %@ 978-0-309-10042-7 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11741/beyond-bias-and-barriers-fulfilling-the-potential-of-women-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11741/beyond-bias-and-barriers-fulfilling-the-potential-of-women-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Education %P 346 %X The United States economy relies on the productivity, entrepreneurship, and creativity of its people. To maintain its scientific and engineering leadership amid increasing economic and educational globalization, the United States must aggressively pursue the innovative capacity of all its people&#8212women and men. However, women face barriers to success in every field of science and engineering; obstacles that deprive the country of an important source of talent. Without a transformation of academic institutions to tackle such barriers, the future vitality of the U.S. research base and economy are in jeopardy. Beyond Bias and Barriers explains that eliminating gender bias in academia requires immediate overarching reform, including decisive action by university administrators, professional societies, federal funding agencies and foundations, government agencies, and Congress. If implemented and coordinated across public, private, and government sectors, the recommended actions will help to improve workplace environments for all employees while strengthening the foundations of America&#39s competitiveness. %0 Book %T Cultural Diversity and Early Education: Report of a Workshop %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9197/cultural-diversity-and-early-education-report-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9197/cultural-diversity-and-early-education-report-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Education %P 53 %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E McCord, Joan %E Widom, Cathy Spatz %E Bamba, Melissa I. %E Crowell, Nancy A. %T Education and Delinquency: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-07193-2 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9972/education-and-delinquency-summary-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9972/education-and-delinquency-summary-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 58 %X The Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control convened a workshop on October 2, 1998, to explore issues related to educational performance, school climate, school practices, learning, student motivation and commitment to school, and their relationship to delinquency. The workshop was designed to bring together researchers and practitioners with a broad range of perspectives on the relationship between such specific issues as school safety and academic achievement and the development of delinquent behavior. Education and Delinquency reviews recent research findings, identifies gaps in knowledge and promising areas of future research, and discusses the need for program evaluation and the integration of empirical research findings into program design. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kuhn, Jens-Uwe %E Arain, Nizam %E Bell, Justin %E Davis, Brianna %E Kaiser, Helen %E Madden, Devin %E Prepetit, Guilene %E Williamsen, Kaaren %T Strategies for Developing, Implementing, and Sustaining Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Programs for Faculty, Staff, and Graduate Students %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27266/strategies-for-developing-implementing-and-sustaining-sexual-harassment-bystander-intervention-programs-for-faculty-staff-and-graduate-students %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27266/strategies-for-developing-implementing-and-sustaining-sexual-harassment-bystander-intervention-programs-for-faculty-staff-and-graduate-students %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 39 %X To address the persistent problem of sexual harassment within higher education, research suggests that environments need to convey that sexual harassment is not a norm and actively discourage it when it does occur. One approach that researchers have identified as helping to create such environments is bystander intervention programs, which prepare and equip individuals to interrupt and intervene when harassing behavior occurs. This paper explores bystander intervention training approaches that are designed for the complex work environments within higher education, and considers how to apply the principles of bystander intervention to the experiences and environments of faculty, staff, and graduate students., Institutions within the Action Collaborative were asked a standard set of questions to learn about their experiences with commitment and buy-in from leadership, details on how the trainings were developed and what audience it was targeted to, and how the training programs were evaluated. The paper summarizes responses from seven of these institutions and ends with a call for additional research and action. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Prevention Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to understand how institutions are addressing the gap in bystander intervention training for faculty, staff, and graduate students. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Singer, Burton H. %E Ryff, Carol D. %T New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach %@ 978-0-309-07296-0 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10002/new-horizons-in-health-an-integrative-approach %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10002/new-horizons-in-health-an-integrative-approach %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 224 %X New Horizons in Health discusses how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can integrate research in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences to better understand the causes of disease as well as interventions that promote health. It outlines a set of research priorities for consideration by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), with particular attention to research that can support and complement the work of the National Institutes of Health. By addressing the range of interactions among social settings, behavioral patterns, and important health concerns, it highlights areas of scientific opportunity where significant investment is most likely to improve national—and global—health outcomes. These opportunities will apply the knowledge and methods of the behavioral and social sciences to contemporary health needs, and give attention to the chief health concerns of the general public. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education: A Research Agenda %@ 978-0-309-07789-7 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/998/mathematics-science-and-technology-education-a-research-agenda %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/998/mathematics-science-and-technology-education-a-research-agenda %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 104 %X %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Losing Generations: Adolescents in High-Risk Settings %@ 978-0-309-05234-4 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2113/losing-generations-adolescents-in-high-risk-settings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2113/losing-generations-adolescents-in-high-risk-settings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 288 %X At least 7 million young Americans—fully one-quarter of adolescents 10 to 17 years old—may be at risk of failing to achieve productive adult lives. They use drugs, engage in unprotected sex, drop out of school, and sometimes commit crimes, effectively closing the door to their own futures. And the costs to society are enormous: school and social services are overwhelmed, and our nation faces the future with a diminished citizenry. This penetrating book argues that the problems of troubled youth cannot be separated from the settings in which those youths live—settings that have deteriorated significantly in the past two decades. A distinguished panel examines what works and what does not in the effort to support and nurture adolescents and offers models for successful programs. This volume presents an eye-opening look at what millions of the nation's youths confront every day of their lives, addressing: How the decline in economic security for young working parents affects their children's life chances. How dramatic changes in household structure and the possibilities of family and community violence threaten adolescents' development. How the decline of neighborhoods robs children of a safe environment. How adolescents' health needs go unmet in the current system. Losing Generations turns the spotlight on those institutions youths need—the health care system, schools, the criminal justice, and the child welfare and foster home systems—and how they are functioning. Difficult issues are addressed with study results and insightful analyses: access of poor youths to health insurance coverage, inequities in school funding, how child welfare agencies provide for adolescents in their care, and the high percentage of young black men in the criminal justice system. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Context of Military Environments: An Agenda for Basic Research on Social and Organizational Factors Relevant to Small Units %@ 978-0-309-30684-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18825/the-context-of-military-environments-an-agenda-for-basic-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18825/the-context-of-military-environments-an-agenda-for-basic-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 164 %X The United States Army faces a variety of challenges to maintain a ready and capable force into the future. Missions are increasingly diverse, ranging from combat and counterinsurgency to negotiation, reconstruction, and stability operations, and require a variety of personnel and skill sets to execute. Missions often demand rapid decision-making and coordination with others in novel ways, so that personnel are not simply following a specific set of tactical orders but rather need to understand broader strategic goals and choose among courses of action. Like any workforce, the Army is diverse in terms of demographic characteristics such as gender and race, with increasing pressure to ensure equal opportunities across all demographic parties. With these challenges comes the urgent need to better understand how contextual factors influence soldier and small unit behavior and mission performance. Recognizing the need to develop a portfolio of research to better understand the influence of social and organizational factors on the behavior of individuals and small units, the U.S. Army Research Institute (ARI) requested the National Research Council's Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences to outline a productive and innovative collection of future basic science research projects to improve Amy mission performance for immediate implementation and lasting over the next 10-20 years. This report presents recommendations for a program of basic scientific research on the roles of social and organizational contextual factors, such as organizational institutions, culture, and norms, as determinants and moderators of the performance of individual soldiers and small units. The Context of Military Environments: Basic Research Opportunities on Social and Organizational Factors synthesizes and assesses basic research opportunities in the behavioral and social sciences related to social and organizational factors that comprise the context of individual and small unit behavior in military environments. This report focuses on tactical operations of small units and their leaders, to include the full spectrum of unique military environments including: major combat operations, stability/support operations, peacekeeping, and military observer missions, as well as headquarters support units. This report identifies key contextual factors that shape individual and small unit behavior and assesses the state of the science regarding these factors. The Context of Military Environments recommends an agenda for ARI's future research in order to maximize the effectiveness of U.S. Army personnel policies and practices of selection, recruitment, and assignment as well as career development in training and leadership. The report also specifies the basic research funding level needed to implement the recommended agenda for future ARI research. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Fischhoff, Baruch %E Nightingale, Elena O. %E Iannotta, Joah G. %T Adolescent Risk and Vulnerability: Concepts and Measurement %@ 978-0-309-07620-3 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10209/adolescent-risk-and-vulnerability-concepts-and-measurement %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10209/adolescent-risk-and-vulnerability-concepts-and-measurement %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 164 %X Adolescents obviously do not always act in ways that serve their own best interests, even as defined by them. Sometimes their perception of their own risks, even of survival to adulthood, is larger than the reality; in other cases, they underestimate the risks of particular actions or behaviors. It is possible, indeed likely, that some adolescents engage in risky behaviors because of a perception of invulnerability—the current conventional wisdom of adults' views of adolescent behavior. Others, however, take risks because they feel vulnerable to a point approaching hopelessness. In either case, these perceptions can prompt adolescents to make poor decisions that can put them at risk and leave them vulnerable to physical or psychological harm that may have a negative impact on their long-term health and viability. A small planning group was formed to develop a workshop on reconceptualizing adolescent risk and vulnerability. With funding from Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Workshop on Adolescent Risk and Vulnerability: Setting Priorities took place on March 13, 2001, in Washington, DC. The workshop's goal was to put into perspective the total burden of vulnerability that adolescents face, taking advantage of the growing societal concern for adolescents, the need to set priorities for meeting adolescents' needs, and the opportunity to apply decision-making perspectives to this critical area. This report summarizes the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Crowell, Nancy A. %E Burgess, Ann W. %T Understanding Violence Against Women %@ 978-0-309-05425-6 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5127/understanding-violence-against-women %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5127/understanding-violence-against-women %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 240 %X Violence against women is one factor in the growing wave of alarm about violence in American society. High-profile cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial call attention to the thousands of lesser-known but no less tragic situations in which women's lives are shattered by beatings or sexual assault. The search for solutions has highlighted not only what we know about violence against women but also what we do not know. How can we achieve the best understanding of this problem and its complex ramifications? What research efforts will yield the greatest benefit? What are the questions that must be answered? Understanding Violence Against Women presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifies four areas with the greatest potential return from a research investment by increasing the understanding of and responding to domestic violence and rape: What interventions are designed to do, whom they are reaching, and how to reach the many victims who do not seek help. Factors that put people at risk of violence and that precipitate violence, including characteristics of offenders. The scope of domestic violence and sexual assault in America and its conequences to individuals, families, and society, including costs. How to structure the study of violence against women to yield more useful knowledge. Despite the news coverage and talk shows, the real fundamental nature of violence against women remains unexplored and often misunderstood. Understanding Violence Against Women provides direction for increasing knowledge that can help ameliorate this national problem. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect %@ 978-0-309-04889-7 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2117/understanding-child-abuse-and-neglect %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2117/understanding-child-abuse-and-neglect %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 408 %X The tragedy of child abuse and neglect is in the forefront of public attention. Yet, without a conceptual framework, research in this area has been highly fragmented. Understanding the broad dimensions of this crisis has suffered as a result. This new volume provides a comprehensive, integrated, child-oriented research agenda for the nation. The committee presents an overview of three major areas: Definitions and scope—exploring standardized classifications, analysis of incidence and prevalence trends, and more. Etiology, consequences, treatment, and prevention—analyzing relationships between cause and effect, reviewing prevention research with a unique systems approach, looking at short- and long-term consequences of abuse, and evaluating interventions. Infrastructure and ethics—including a review of current research efforts, ways to strengthen human resources and research tools, and guidance on sensitive ethical and legal issues. This volume will be useful to organizations involved in research, social service agencies, child advocacy groups, and researchers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Fienberg, Stephen E. %E Martin, Margaret E. %E Straf, Miron L. %T Sharing Research Data %@ 978-0-309-07873-3 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2033/sharing-research-data %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2033/sharing-research-data %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 240 %0 Book %E Travers, Jeffrey R. %E Light, Richard J. %T Learning from Experience: Evaluating Early Childhood Demonstration Programs %@ 978-0-309-03232-2 %D 1982 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9007/learning-from-experience-evaluating-early-childhood-demonstration-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9007/learning-from-experience-evaluating-early-childhood-demonstration-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 286 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Druckman, Daniel %E Bjork, Robert A. %T Learning, Remembering, Believing: Enhancing Human Performance %@ 978-0-309-04993-1 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2303/learning-remembering-believing-enhancing-human-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2303/learning-remembering-believing-enhancing-human-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 416 %X Can such techniques as sleep learning and hypnosis improve performance? Do we sometimes confuse familiarity with mastery? Can we learn without making mistakes? These questions apply in the classroom, in the military, and on the assembly line. Learning, Remembering, Believing addresses these and other key issues in learning and performance. The volume presents leading-edge theories and findings from a wide range of research settings: from pilots learning to fly to children learning about physics by throwing beanbags. Common folklore is explored, and promising research directions are identified. The authors also continue themes from their first two volumes: Enhancing Human Performance (1988) and In the Mind's Eye (1991). The result is a thorough and readable review of: Learning and remembering. The volume evaluates the effects of subjective experience on learning—why we often overestimate what we know, why we may not need a close match between training settings and real-world tasks, and why we experience such phenomena as illusory remembering and unconscious plagiarism. Learning and performing in teams. The authors discuss cooperative learning in different age groups and contexts. Current views on team performance are presented, including how team-learning processes can be improved and whether team-building interventions are effective. Mental and emotional states. This is a critical review of the evidence that learning is affected by state of mind. Topics include hypnosis, meditation, sleep learning, restricted environmental stimulation, and self-confidence and the self-efficacy theory of learning. New directions. The volume looks at two new ideas for improving performance: emotions induced by another person—socially induced affect—and strategies for controlling one's thoughts. The committee also considers factors inherent in organizations—workplaces, educational facilities, and the military—that affect whether and how they implement training programs. Learning, Remembering, Believing offers an understanding of human learning that will be useful to training specialists, psychologists, educators, managers, and individuals interested in all dimensions of human performance. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Enhancing Human Performance: Background Papers, Issues of Theory and Methodology %@ 978-0-309-07805-4 %D 1988 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/779/enhancing-human-performance-background-papers-issues-of-theory-and-methodology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/779/enhancing-human-performance-background-papers-issues-of-theory-and-methodology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 147