@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-09270-8", abstract = "Integration of complementary and alternative medicine therapies (CAM) with conventional medicine is occurring in hospitals and physicians offices, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are covering CAM therapies, insurance coverage for CAM is increasing, and integrative medicine centers and clinics are being established, many with close ties to medical schools and teaching hospitals. In determining what care to provide, the goal should be comprehensive care that uses the best scientific evidence available regarding benefits and harm, encourages a focus on healing, recognizes the importance of compassion and caring, emphasizes the centrality of relationship-based care, encourages patients to share in decision making about therapeutic options, and promotes choices in care that can include complementary therapies where appropriate.\nNumerous approaches to delivering integrative medicine have evolved. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States identifies an urgent need for health systems research that focuses on identifying the elements of these models, the outcomes of care delivered in these models, and whether these models are cost-effective when compared to conventional practice settings.\nIt outlines areas of research in convention and CAM therapies, ways of integrating these therapies, development of curriculum that provides further education to health professionals, and an amendment of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act to improve quality, accurate labeling, research into use of supplements, incentives for privately funded research into their efficacy, and consumer protection against all potential hazards.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11182/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-in-the-united-states", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Catharyn T. Liverman and Bruce M. Altevogt and Janet E. Joy and Richard T. Johnson", title = "Spinal Cord Injury: Progress, Promise, and Priorities", isbn = "978-0-309-09585-3", abstract = "An estimated 11,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United\nStates and more than 200,000 Americans suffer from maladies associated\nwith spinal cord injury. This includes paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction,\nsexual dysfunction, respiratory impairment, temperature regulation\nproblems, and chronic pain. During the last two decades, longstanding\nbeliefs about the inability of the adult central nervous system to heal itself\nhave been eroded by the flood of new information from research in the\nneurosciences and related fields. However, there are still no cures and the\nchallenge of restoring function in the wake of spinal cord injuries remains\nextremely complex.\n\nSpinal Cord Injury examines the future directions for research with the\ngoal to accelerate the development of cures for spinal cord injuries. While\nmany of the recommendations are framed within the context of the specific\nneeds articulated by the New York Spinal Cord Injury Research Board,\nthe Institute of Medicine\u2019s panel of experts looked very broadly at research\npriorities relating to future directions for the field in general and make recommendations\nto strengthen and coordinate the existing infrastructure.\nFunders at federal and state agencies, academic organizations, pharmaceutical\nand device companies, and non-profit organizations will all find this\nbook to be an essential resource as they examine their opportunities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11253/spinal-cord-injury-progress-promise-and-priorities", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Monica S. Ruiz and Alicia R. Gable and Edward H. Kaplan and Michael A. Stoto and Harvey V. Fineberg and James Trussell", title = "No Time to Lose: Getting More from HIV Prevention", isbn = "978-0-309-07137-6", abstract = "The United States has spent two productive\ndecades implementing a variety of prevention programs.\nWhile these efforts have slowed the rate of\ninfection, challenges remain. The United States\nmust refocus its efforts to contain the spread of HIV\nand AIDS in a way that would prevent as many\nnew HIV infections as possible. No Time to Lose\npresents the Institute of Medicine\u2019s framework for a\nnational prevention strategy.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9964/no-time-to-lose-getting-more-from-hiv-prevention", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and Institute of Medicine", title = "The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Lectures -- 2001: Exploring Complementary and Alternative Medicine", isbn = "978-0-309-08503-8", abstract = "The Rosenthal lecture included in this volume explores the world of complementary medicine and its implications for medical research, clinical practice, and policy in the United States.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10547/the-richard-and-hinda-rosenthal-lectures-2001-exploring-complementary-and", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations: Final Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-30173-2", abstract = "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the signature injuries of the U.S. conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, but it affects veterans of all eras. It is estimated that 7-20% of service members and veterans who served in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom may have the disorder. PTSD is characterized by a combination of mental health symptoms - re-experiencing of a traumatic event, avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli, adverse alterations in thoughts and mood, and hyperarousal - that last at least 1 month and impair functioning. PTSD can be lifelong and pervade all aspects of a service member's or veteran's life, including mental and physical health, family and social relationships, and employment. It is often concurrent with other health problems, such as depression, traumatic brain injury, chronic pain, substance abuse disorder, and intimate partner violence.\nThe Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provide a spectrum of programs and services to screen for, diagnose, treat for, and rehabilitate service members and veterans who have or are at risk for PTSD. The 2010 National Defense Authorization Act asked the Institute of Medicine to assess those PTSD programs and services in two phases. The Phase 1 study, Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations: Initial Assessment, focused on data gathering. Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations Final Assessment is the report of the second phase of the study. This report analyzes the data received in Phase 1 specifically to determine the rates of success for each program or method.\nTreatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations Final Assessment considers what a successful PTSD management system is and whether and how such a system is being implemented by DoD and VA. This includes an assessment of what care is given and to whom, how effectiveness is measured, what types of mental health care providers are available, what influences whether a service member or veteran seeks care, and what are the costs associated with that care. This report focuses on the opportunities and challenges that DoD and VA face in developing, implementing, and evaluating services and programs in the context of achieving a high-performing system to care for service members and veterans who have PTSD. The report also identifies where gaps or new emphases might be addressed to improve prevention of, screening for, diagnosis of, and treatment and rehabilitation for the disorder. The findings and recommendations of Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations: Final Assessment will encourage DoD and VA to increase their efforts in moving toward a high-performing, comprehensive, integrated PTSD management strategy that addresses the needs of current and future service members, veterans, and their families. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18724/treatment-for-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-in-military-and-veteran-populations", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Breast Cancer: Setting Priorities for Effectiveness Research", isbn = "978-0-309-07870-2", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1779/breast-cancer-setting-priorities-for-effectiveness-research", year = 1990, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Janet E. Joy and Richard B. Johnston, Jr.", title = "Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Strategies for the Future", isbn = "978-0-309-07285-4", abstract = "Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered\u2014but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated.\nThis book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives.\nThe panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on:\n\n Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy.\n How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS.\n Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, \t\t\tspasticity, vision problems, and others).\n\nThe committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10031/multiple-sclerosis-current-status-and-strategies-for-the-future", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Gulf War and Health: Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness", isbn = "978-0-309-27802-7", abstract = "Chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) is a serious condition that imposes an enormous burden of suffering on our nation's veterans. Veterans who have CMI often have physical symptoms (such as fatigue, joint and muscle pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms) and cognitive symptoms (such as memory difficulties). For the purposes of this report, the committee defined CMI as the presence of a spectrum of chronic symptoms experienced for 6 months or longer in at least two of six categories\u2014fatigue, mood, and cognition, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurologic\u2014that may overlap with but are not fully captured by known syndromes (such as CFS, fibromyalgia, and IBS) or other diagnoses. Despite considerable efforts by researchers in the United States and elsewhere, there is no consensus among physicians, researchers, and others as to the cause of CMI. There is a growing belief that no specific causal factor or agent will be identified. Many thousands of Gulf War veterans1 who have CMI live with sometimes debilitating symptoms and seek an effective way to manage their symptoms. Estimates of the numbers of 1991 Gulf War veterans who have CMI range from 175,000 to 250,000 (about 25-35% of the 1991 Gulf War veteran population), and there is evidence that CMI in 1991 Gulf War veterans may not resolve over time. Preliminary data suggest that CMI is occurring in veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars as well.\nIn addition to summarizing the available scientific and medical literature regarding the best treatments for chronic multisymptom illness among Gulf War veterans, Gulf War and Health: Volume 9: Treatment for Chronic Multisymptom Illness recommends how best to disseminate this information throughout the VA to improve the care and benefits provided to veterans, recommends additional scientific studies and research initiatives to resolve areas of continuing scientific uncertainty and recommends such legislative or administrative action as the IOM deems appropriate in light of the results of its review.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13539/gulf-war-and-health-treatment-for-chronic-multisymptom-illness", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Burton H. Singer and Carol D. Ryff", title = "New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach", isbn = "978-0-309-07296-0", abstract = "New Horizons in Health discusses how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can integrate research in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences to better understand the causes of disease as well as interventions that promote health. It outlines a set of research priorities for consideration by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), with particular attention to research that can support and complement the work of the National Institutes of Health. By addressing the range of interactions among social settings, behavioral patterns, and important health concerns, it highlights areas of scientific opportunity where significant investment is most likely to improve national\u2014and global\u2014health outcomes. These opportunities will apply the knowledge and methods of the behavioral and social sciences to contemporary health needs, and give attention to the chief health concerns of the general public.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10002/new-horizons-in-health-an-integrative-approach", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Geoffrey Evans and Ann Bostrom and Richard B. Johnston and Barbara Loe Fisher and Michael A. Stoto", title = "Risk Communication and Vaccination: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-05790-5", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5861/risk-communication-and-vaccination-workshop-summary", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Steve Olson", title = "Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying: Workshop in Brief", abstract = "On April 9-10, 2014, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council held a 2-day workshop titled \"Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying and Its Impact on Youth Across the Lifecourse.\" The purpose of this workshop was to bring together representatives of key sectors involved in bullying prevention to identify the conceptual models and interventions that have proved effective in decreasing bullying, to examine models that could increase protective factors and mitigate the negative effects of bullying, and to explore the appropriate roles of different groups in preventing bullying. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21682/building-capacity-to-reduce-bullying-workshop-in-brief", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Expanding Access to Investigational Therapies for HIV Infection and AIDS", isbn = "978-0-309-04490-5", abstract = "The call for a \"parallel track\" for AIDS drug development\u2014a proposal that would allow the early distribution of AIDS drugs to large numbers of patients in parallel with the conventional clinical trials that assess the drugs' safety and efficacy\u2014has sparked controversy within the scientific community. Questions have arisen about the risks to patients of such a plan, about its potential effect on the successful completion of standard controlled trials, and about whether the parallel track will generate useful data.\nLarger questions have also been raised about whether the parallel track heralds fundamental changes in the philosophy underlying drug regulation in the United States, about the costs and financing of investigational therapies and associated medical costs, and about the role of expanded access mechanisms for drugs in reaching those whose health care is generally inadequate. This volume summarizes a conference hosted by the Institute of Medicine that illuminated these issues.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1778/expanding-access-to-investigational-therapies-for-hiv-infection-and-aids", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Hip Fracture: Setting Priorities for Effectiveness Research", isbn = "978-0-309-04299-4", abstract = "", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1630/hip-fracture-setting-priorities-for-effectiveness-research", year = 1990, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-04628-2", abstract = "Europe's \"Black Death\" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease.\nThe Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining:\n\n How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use.\n Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine.\n The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers.\n How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace.\n The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization.\n Coping with HIV infection in prisons.\n\nTwo case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future.\nThis clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1881/the-social-impact-of-aids-in-the-united-states", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Rodolfo A. Bulatao and Norman B. Anderson", title = "Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life: A Research Agenda", isbn = "978-0-309-09247-0", abstract = "As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care.\nThis volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11036/understanding-racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-health-in-late-life", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Annetine C. Gelijns", title = "Technology and Health Care in an Era of Limits", isbn = "978-0-309-04695-4", abstract = "The U.S. health care system is in a state of flux, and changes currently under way seem capable of exerting sizable effects on medical innovation.\nThis volume explores how the rapid transition to managed care might affect the rate and direction of medical innovation. The experience with technological change in medicine in other nations whose health care systems have \"single-payer\" characteristics is thoroughly examined.\nTechnology and Health Care in an Era of Limits examines how financing and care delivery strategies affect the decisions made by hospital administrators and physicians to adopt medical technologies. It also considers the patient's stake in the changing health care economy and the need for a stronger independent contribution of patients to the choice of technology used in their care.\nFinally, the volume explores the impact of changes in the demand for medical technology in pharmaceutical, medical device, and surgical procedure innovation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2024/technology-and-health-care-in-an-era-of-limits", year = 1992, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Michael M. E. Johns and Guru Madhavan and Francis K. Amankwah and Sharyl J. Nass", title = "Guiding Cancer Control: A Path to Transformation", isbn = "978-0-309-49231-7", abstract = "Throughout history, perhaps no other disease has generated the level of social, scientific, and political discourse or has had the degree of cultural significance as cancer. A collective in the truest sense of the word, \"cancer\" is a clustering of different diseases that afflict individuals in different ways. Its burdens are equally broad and diverse, from the physical, financial, and psychological tolls it imposes on individuals to the costs it inflicts upon the nation's clinical care and public health systems, and despite decades of concerted efforts often referred to as the \"war on cancer\", those costs have only continued to grow over time. The causes and effects of cancer are complex\u2014in part preventable and treatable, but also in part unknown, and perhaps even unknowable.\n\nGuiding Cancer Control defines the key principles, attributes, methods, and tools needed to achieve the goal of implementing an effective national cancer control plan. This report describes the current structure of cancer control from a local to global scale, identifies necessary goals for the system, and formulates the path towards integrated disease control systems and a cancer-free future. This framework is a crucial step in establishing an effective, efficient, and accountable system for controlling cancer and other diseases.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25438/guiding-cancer-control-a-path-to-transformation", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erin Hammers Forstag", title = "Pain Management and Prescription Opioid-Related Harms: Exploring the State of the Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "On September 22, 2016, the Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse held a workshop titled \u201cPain Management and Prescription Opioid-Related Harms: Exploring the State of the Evidence.\u201d The purpose of this workshop was to gather information about the state of the science and potential best practices in pain management, including the evolving role of opioids in pain management; to understand the epidemiology of the prescription opioid epidemic and discuss possible strategies to address it; and to identify potential areas for future research in the field. Expert speakers were invited to give brief presentations, which were followed by open discussions among the speakers and workshop participants, including committee members. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights\nthe dialogue that emerged from the individual speakers' presentations and the discussions that followed.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23694/pain-management-and-prescription-opioid-related-harms-exploring-the-state", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials", isbn = "978-0-309-15814-5", abstract = "Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. \n\nMissing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. \n\nThe Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12955/the-prevention-and-treatment-of-missing-data-in-clinical-trials", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Andrea M. Schultz and Samantha M. Chao and J. Michael McGinnis", title = "Integrative Medicine and the Health of the Public: A Summary of the February 2009 Summit", isbn = "978-0-309-13901-4", abstract = "The last century witnessed dramatic changes in the practice of health care, and coming decades promise advances that were not imaginable even in the relatively recent past. Science and technology continue to offer new insights into disease pathways and treatments, as well as mechanisms of protecting health and preventing disease. Genomics and proteomics are bringing personalized risk assessment, prevention, and treatment options within reach; health information technology is expediting the collection and analysis of large amounts of data that can lead to improved care; and many disciplines are contributing to a broadening understanding of the complex interplay among biology, environment, behavior, and socioeconomic factors that shape health and wellness. \n\nOn February 25 - 27, 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the Summit on Integrative Medicine and the Health of the Public in Washington, DC. The summit brought together more than 600 scientists, academic leaders, policy experts, health practitioners, advocates, and other participants from many disciplines to examine the practice of integrative medicine, its scientific basis, and its potential for improving health. This publication summarizes the background, presentations, and discussions that occurred during the summit.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12668/integrative-medicine-and-the-health-of-the-public-a-summary", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }