TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space SN - DO - 10.17226/24938 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24938/thriving-on-our-changing-planet-a-decadal-strategy-for-earth PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities – social, economic, security, and more – that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Transit Research Analysis Committee Letter Report: June 4, 2008 DO - 10.17226/23091 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23091/transit-research-analysis-committee-letter-report-june-4-2008 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Research Analysis Committee (TRAC) has delivered a letter report to Mr. Vincent Valdes, Associate Administrator for Research, Demonstration, and Innovation, Federal Transit Administration (FTA). The June 4, 2008, letter report calls upon the FTA to define how it intends to be a national leader in transit research and how it will follow through on these intentions. The report also calls upon the FTA to communicate the extent and consequences of earmarking in all reporting of the federal transit research and development (R&D) program's status, progress, and plans. In addition, the report suggests that FTA's strategic R&D plan should be explicit in delineating how research needs will be identified and addressed to further its R&D goals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Evaluating Federal Research Programs: Research and the Government Performance and Results Act SN - DO - 10.17226/6416 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6416/evaluating-federal-research-programs-research-and-the-government-performance-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), passed by Congress in 1993, requires that federal agencies write five-year strategic plans with annual performance goals and produce an annual report that demonstrates whether the goals have been met. The first performance reports are due in March 2000. Measuring the performance of basic research is particularly challenging because major breakthroughs can be unpredictable and difficult to assess in the short term. This book recommends that federal agencies use an "expert review" method to examine the quality of research they support, the relevance of that research to their mission, and whether the research is at the international forefront of scientific and technological knowledge. It also addresses the issues of matching evaluation measurements to the character of the research performed, improving coordination among agencies when research is in the same field, and including a human resource development component in GPRA strategic and performance plans. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space SN - DO - 10.17226/5841 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5841/science-management-in-the-human-exploration-of-space PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - WSP USA Paul Graham A2 - SRI Foundation Terry Klein TI - Potential Section 106 Exempted Categories or Program Comments for Federal Highway Administration Projects: National Streamlining Opportunities DO - 10.17226/25722 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25722/potential-section-106-exempted-categories-or-program-comments-for-federal-highway-administration-projects-national-streamlining-opportunities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) requires transportation agencies to consider the effects of their undertakings on historic resources when those undertakings are federally funded. Section 106 of the NHPA also allows for the use of Program Alternatives to tailor compliance, potentially streamlining Section 106 evaluations for commonly encountered categories of historic resources.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 275: Potential Section 106 Exempted Categories or Program Comments for Federal Highway Administration Projects: National Streamlining Opportunities examines the use of Program Alternatives by state departments of transportation and explores potential opportunities for additional Program Alternatives.There is also a presentation accompanying the report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. TI - Guidance for Managing NEPA-Related and Other Risks in Project Delivery, Volume 1: Guide for Managing NEPA-Related and Other Risks in Project Delivery DO - 10.17226/22823 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22823/guidance-for-managing-nepa-related-and-other-risks-in-project-delivery-volume-1-guide-for-managing-nepa-related-and-other-risks-in-project-delivery PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 183:Guidance for Managing NEPA-Related and Other Risks in Project Delivery, Volume 1: Guide for Managing NEPA-Related and Other Risks in Project Delivery is a guide on the use of risk management as a means to help support the early identification of key issues during the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process; the effective application of management action and other resources to avoid or mitigate schedule delays, cost escalation, and quality problems; and sound decision making in project planning, programming, and development.Web-Only Document 183: Guidance for Managing NEPA-Related and Other Risks in Project Delivery, Volume 2: Expediting NEPA Decisions and Other Practitioner Strategies for Addressing High Risk Issues in Project Delivery is designed to help in the management of the legal risks in the environmental review process for transportation projects, particularly highway projects, as part of a comprehensive approach to project risk management. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Evaluation of the Multifunction Phased Array Radar Planning Process SN - DO - 10.17226/12438 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12438/evaluation-of-the-multifunction-phased-array-radar-planning-process PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) is one potentially cost-effective solution to meet the surveillance needs and of several agencies currently using decades-old radar networks. These agencies including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have many and varied requirements and possible applications of modern radar technology. This book analyzes what is lacking in the current system, the relevant capabilities of phased array technology, technical challenges, cost issues, and compares possible alternatives. Both specific and overarching recommendations are outlined. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - America's Future in Space: Aligning the Civil Space Program with National Needs SN - DO - 10.17226/12701 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12701/americas-future-in-space-aligning-the-civil-space-program-with PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - As civil space policies and programs have evolved, the geopolitical environment has changed dramatically. Although the U.S. space program was originally driven in large part by competition with the Soviet Union, the nation now finds itself in a post-Cold War world in which many nations have established, or are aspiring to develop, independent space capabilities. Furthermore discoveries from developments in the first 50 years of the space age have led to an explosion of scientific and engineering knowledge and practical applications of space technology. The private sector has also been developing, fielding, and expanding the commercial use of space-based technology and systems. Recognizing the new national and international context for space activities, America's Future in Space is meant to advise the nation on key goals and critical issues in 21st century U.S. civil space policy. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Chandler Duncan and Kyle Schroeckenthaler TI - Resource Allocation of Available Funding to Programs of Work DO - 10.17226/24793 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24793/resource-allocation-of-available-funding-to-programs-of-work PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 510: Resource Allocation of Available Funding to Programs of Work explores the decision-making process in state departments of transportation (DOTs) and how they determine resource allocation among different programs. The report documents current processes, techniques, tools, and data used to evaluate and select funding allocations around the country. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration: An Interim Report SN - DO - 10.17226/12944 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12944/life-and-physical-sciences-research-for-a-new-era-of-space-exploration PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In response to requests from Congress, NASA asked the National Research Council to undertake a decadal survey of life and physical sciences in microgravity. Developed in consultation with members of the life and physical sciences communities, the guiding principle for the study is to set an agenda for research for the next decade that will allow the use of the space environment to solve complex problems in life and physical sciences so as to deliver both new knowledge and practical benefits for humankind as we become a spacefaring people. The project's statement of task calls for delivery of two books--an interim report and a final survey report. Although the development of specific recommendations is deferred until the final book, this interim report does attempt to identify programmatic needs and issues to guide near-term decisions that are critical to strengthening the organization and management of life and physical sciences research at NASA. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of NASA Plans for the International Space Station SN - DO - 10.17226/11512 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11512/review-of-nasa-plans-for-the-international-space-station PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In January 2004, President Bush announced a new space policy directed at human and robotic exploration of space. In June 2004, the President’s Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy issued a report recommending among other things that NASA ask the National Research Council (NRC) to reevaluate space science priorities to take advantage of the exploration vision. Congress also directed the NRC to conduct a thorough review of the science NASA is proposing to undertake within the initiative. In February 2005, the NRC released Science in NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration, the first report of the two studies undertaken to carry out these requests. The second report focuses on NASA’s plan for the ISS. This report provides broad advice on programmatic issues that NASA is likely to face as it attempts to develop an updated ISS utilization plan. It also presents an assessment of potentially important research and testbed activities that may have to be performed on the ISS to help ensure success of some exploration objectives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Guide to Integrating Business Processes to Improve Travel Time Reliability DO - 10.17226/14511 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14511/guide-to-integrating-business-processes-to-improve-travel-time-reliability PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-L01-RR-2: Guide to Integrating Business Processes to Improve Travel Time Reliability explores various ways that transportation agencies could reengineer their day-to-day business practices to enhance traffic operations, address nonrecurring traffic congestion, and improve the reliability of travel times delivered to roadway system users.The research guide also provides a detailed introduction to the business process mapping tool.SHRP 2 Report S2-L01-RR-1: Integrating Business Processes to Improve Travel Time Reliability details the process used to develop the guide. SHRP 2 Reliability Project L34 report E-tool for Business Processes to Improve Travel Time Reliability explores an e-tool to assist transportation agencies when evaluating their processes to improve travel time reliability. The report details the functional requirements, software architecture, and content development for the e-tool. The e-tool’s design was based on SHRP 2 Report S2-L01-RR-2 and directly follows the seven step process outlined in the guide, as well as utilizes the case studies in S2-L01-RR-2.An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Google, iTunes, and Amazon. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Human Exploration of Space SN - DO - 10.17226/6058 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6058/the-human-exploration-of-space PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - During 1988, the National Research Council's Space Science Board reorganized itself to more effectively address NASA's advisory needs. The Board's scope was broadened: it was renamed the Space Studies Board and, among other new initiatives, the Committee on Human Exploration was created. The new committee was intended to focus on the scientific aspects of human exploration programs, rather than engineering issues. Their research led to three reports: Scientific Prerequisites for the Human Exploration of Space published in 1993, Scientific Opportunities in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1994, and Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1997. These three reports are collected and reprinted in this volume in their entirety as originally published. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kelley Coyner, Shane Blackmer, John Good, Mobilitye3, LLC A2 - Paul Lewis, Alice Grossman, Eno Center for Transportation TI - Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation DO - 10.17226/26056 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26056/low-speed-automated-vehicles-lsavs-in-public-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Interest in driverless vehicles, including low-speed automated vehicles (LSAVs), continues to expand globally and in the United States.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 220: Low-Speed Automated Vehicles (LSAVs) in Public Transportation presents current use cases for LSAVs and provides a practitioner guide for planning and implementing LSAV services as a new public transportation service. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of Goals and Plans for NASA's Space and Earth Sciences SN - DO - 10.17226/11416 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11416/review-of-goals-and-plans-for-nasas-space-and-earth-sciences PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Both the President’s commission on how to implement the President’s space exploration initiative and Congress asked the NRC undertake an assessment and review of the science proposed to be carried out under the initiative. An initial response to that request was the NRC February 2005 report, Science in NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration. While that report’s preparation, NASA created capabilities and strategy roadmapping efforts which became the object of the next phase of the NRC review. The new NASA administrator modified that NASA activity resulting in changes in the NRC review effort. This report provides a review of six science strategy roadmaps: robotic and human exploration of Mars; solar system exploration; universe exploration; search for earth-like planets; earth science and applications from space; and sun-earth system connection. In addition, an assessment of cross-cutting and integration issues is presented. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Systems Modernization and the Strategic Plans of the Social Security Administration DO - 10.17226/10443 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10443/systems-modernization-and-the-strategic-plans-of-the-social-security-administration PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Airborne Geophysics and Precise Positioning: Scientific Issues and Future Directions SN - DO - 10.17226/4807 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4807/airborne-geophysics-and-precise-positioning-scientific-issues-and-future-directions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - The Global Positioning System, with its capability for both precisely positioning and navigating an aircraft, has created new scientific opportunities for studying the earth. This book examines the state of the art in airborne geophysics as integrated with new precise positioning systems, and it outlines the scientific goals of focused effort in airborne geophysics, including advances in our understanding of solid earth processes, global climate change, the environment, and resources. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Guide to Improving Capability for Systems Operations and Management DO - 10.17226/14513 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14513/guide-to-improving-capability-for-systems-operations-and-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-L06-RR-2: Guide to Improving Capability for Systems Operations and Management examines the way transportation agencies should be organized to successfully execute operations programs that improve travel time reliability.After the guide was submitted for publication, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) converted the SHRP 2 Reliability Project L06 research into a web-based tool that is designed to be user-friendly, easy to access, and updatable. The web tool, Transportation Systems Management and Operations Guidance , is available on the AASHTO website at http://www.aashtosomguidance.org.An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Google, iTunes, and Amazon.The same project that produced SHRP 2 Report S2-L06-RR-2 also produced SHRP 2 Report S2-L06-RR-1: Institutional Architectures to Improve Systems Operations and Management. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Deborah Matherly A2 - Patricia Bye A2 - Eryca Dinsdale TI - State DOT Models for Organizing and Operating Emergency Response: A Guide DO - 10.17226/27286 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27286/state-dot-models-for-organizing-and-operating-emergency-response-a-guide PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Effective emergency management minimizes impacts on the community, enhances the safety of responders and others, reduces risk and economic cost, and enhances the overall response and recovery to any type of emergency event. NCHRP Research Report 1088: State DOT Models for Organizing and Operating Emergency Response: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, shows how state departments of transportation have organized to manage and respond to emergencies of all types and sizes, including how to surge up for larger, longer-lasting incidents. Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 378: Emergency Response: Organizational and Operational Models Used by State DOTs, a guide handout, and a presentation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - National Land Parcel Data: A Vision for the Future SN - DO - 10.17226/11978 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11978/national-land-parcel-data-a-vision-for-the-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Land parcel data (also known as cadastral data) provide geographically referenced information about the rights, interests, and ownership of land and are an important part of the financial, legal, and real estate systems of society. The data are used by governments to make decisions about land development, business activities, regulatory compliance, emergency response, and law enforcement. In 1980, a National Research Council book called for nationally integrated land parcel data, but despite major progress in the development of land parcel databases in many local jurisdictions, little progress has been made toward a national system. National Land Parcel Data looks at the current status of land parcel data in the United States. The book concludes that nationally integrated land parcel data is necessary, feasible, and affordable. It provides recommendations for establishing a practical framework for sustained intergovernmental coordination and funding required to overcome the remaining challenges and move forward. ER -