%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States: A Guide for the Health Care Sector %@ 978-0-309-31043-7 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18886/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18886/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 42 %X Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. These are not only illegal activities, but also forms of violence and abuse that result in immediate and long-term physical, mental, and emotional harm to victims and survivors. In 2013, the Institute of Medicine/National Research Council released the report Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States. The report found that the United States is in the very early stages of recognizing, understanding, and developing solutions for these crimes. Health care professionals need to be able to recognize past, ongoing, or potential victimization by commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking among the youth in their care. Failure to do so increases the possibility that those at risk may become victims, and victims may miss opportunities for assistance and remain vulnerable to further exploitation and abuse. This Guide for the Health Care Sector provides a summary of information from the original report that is most relevant to individuals who and settings that see children and adolescents for prevention and treatment of injury, illness, and disease. This includes physicians, nurses, advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, mental health professionals, and dentists who practice in settings such as emergency departments, urgent care, primary care clinics, adolescent medicine clinics, school clinics, shelters, community health centers, and dental clinics among others. This guide includes definitions of key terms and an overview of risk factors and consequences; barriers to identifying victims and survivors as well as opportunities for overcoming these barriers; examples of current practices in the health care sector; and recommendations aimed at identifying, preventing, and responding to these crimes. %0 Book %E Okie, Susan %T Fed Up!: Winning the War Against Childhood Obesity %@ 978-0-309-09310-1 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11023/fed-up-winning-the-war-against-childhood-obesity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11023/fed-up-winning-the-war-against-childhood-obesity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 336 %X Once dismissed by the medical profession as a purely cosmetic problem, obesity now ranks second only to smoking as a wholly preventable cause of death. Indeed, it's implicated in 300,000 deaths each year and is a major contributor to heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and depression. Even conservative estimates show that 15% of all children are now considered to be overweight--worldwide there are 22 million kids under five years old that are defined as fat. Supersized portions, unhealthy diets, and too little physical activity certainly contribute to what's making kids 'fat.' But that's not the whole story. Researchers are at a loss to explain why obesity rates have risen so suddenly and so steeply in the closing decades of the 20th century. But head out to the beaches, playgrounds, and amusement parks, and it's obvious that overweight children are more numerous and conspicuous. We see it in our neighborhoods and we read it in the headlines. Our nation--indeed the world--is in crisis. But knowledge is power and it's time to arm ourselves in the battle to win the war on obesity. Fed Up! is just what the doctor ordered. Based in part on the Institute of Medicine's ground-breaking report on childhood obesity, this new book from family physician and journalist Susan Okie provides in-depth background on the issue; shares heartrending but instructive case studies that illustrate just how serious and widespread the problem is; and gives honest, authoritative, science-based advice that constitute our best weapons in this critical battle. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences %@ 978-0-309-18737-4 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9838/health-and-behavior-the-interplay-of-biological-behavioral-and-societal %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9838/health-and-behavior-the-interplay-of-biological-behavioral-and-societal %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 395 %X Health and Behavior reviews our improved understanding of the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social influences and explores findings suggested by recent research—including interventions at multiple levels that we can employ to improve human health. The book covers three main areas: What do biological, behavioral, and social sciences contribute to our understanding of health—including cardiovascular, immune system and brain functioning, behaviors that influence health, the role of social networks and socioeconomic status, and more. What can we learn from applied research on interventions to improve the health of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and larger populations? How can we expeditiously translate research findings into application? %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Lawrence, Robert S. %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %E Sim, Leslie J. %T Adolescent Health Services: Missing Opportunities %@ 978-0-309-11467-7 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12063/adolescent-health-services-missing-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12063/adolescent-health-services-missing-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 366 %X Adolescence is a time of major transition, however, health care services in the United States today are not designed to help young people develop healthy routines, behaviors, and relationships that they can carry into their adult lives. While most adolescents at this stage of life are thriving, many of them have difficulty gaining access to necessary services; other engage in risky behaviors that can jeopardize their health during these formative years and also contribute to poor health outcomes in adulthood. Missed opportunities for disease prevention and health promotion are two major problematic features of our nation's health services system for adolescents. Recognizing that health care providers play an important role in fostering healthy behaviors among adolescents, Adolescent Health Services examines the health status of adolescents and reviews the separate and uncoordinated programs and services delivered in multiple public and private health care settings. The book provides guidance to administrators in public and private health care agencies, health care workers, guidance counselors, parents, school administrators, and policy makers on investing in, strengthening, and improving an integrated health system for adolescents. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Graham, Mary G. %T Sleep Needs, Patterns, and Difficulties of Adolescents: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-07177-2 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9941/sleep-needs-patterns-and-difficulties-of-adolescents-summary-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9941/sleep-needs-patterns-and-difficulties-of-adolescents-summary-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 61 %X Sleep is not only a biological necessity but also a physiological drive. In today's fast-paced world, though, a good night's sleep is often the first thing to go. The effects of inadequate sleep are more than mere annoyances: they affect our mood and how we perform at school, work, and home and behind the wheel. Lost sleep also accumulates over time; the more "sleep debt" an individual incurs, the greater the negative consequences, according to researchers in the field. Research on adolescents and sleep has been under way for more than two decades, and there is growing evidence that adolescents are developmentally vulnerable to sleep difficulties. To discuss current research in this area and its implications in the policy, public, health, and educational arenas, the Forum on Adolescence of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families held a workshop, entitled Sleep Needs, Patterns, and Difficulties of Adolescents, on September 22, 1999. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %T Challenges in Adolescent Health Care: Workshop Report %@ 978-0-309-11269-7 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12031/challenges-in-adolescent-health-care-workshop-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12031/challenges-in-adolescent-health-care-workshop-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 90 %X Several positive and negative lifelong behaviors are established during adolescence including diet and exercise, sexual conduct, practices related to oral health, smoking, drinking, and the use if legal and illegal substances. The complex issues that adolescents deal with on a daily basis can turn into health problems that persist throughout adulthood. Unfortunately the adolescents who are frequently the most disconnected from routine health care services - those who lack insurance and family support - are often those at greatest risk for multiple and chronic health problems. Therefore, those that are responsible for delivering health care services to adolescents must address the health conditions that require immediate attention while preparing young people to adopt practices that can help improve their future health status and prevent unhealthy behaviors. Challenges in Adolescent Health Care studies adolescent health care in the United States, highlights critical health care needs, and identifies service models and components of care that may strengthen and improve health care services, settings, and systems for adolescents. The book explores the nature of adolescent challenges and how they reflect larger societal issues such as poverty, crime and the prevalence of violence. These issues, in addition to lack of comprehensive health coverage, dysfunctional families and the lack of support systems, make providing adequate health care incredibly challenging. Challenges in Adolescent Health Care defines high-quality health care, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of various service models and explores various training programs. The book recommends that health care providers must be sensitive to socioeconomic factors and incorporate health care in a broad array of settings including schools, neighborhoods and community centers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Beatty, Alexandra %T Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth: Improving Methods and Measures: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10275-9 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11706/studying-media-effects-on-children-and-youth-improving-methods-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11706/studying-media-effects-on-children-and-youth-improving-methods-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Computers and Information Technology %P 36 %X The presence and intensity of media influences television, radio, music, computers, films, videos, and the Internet are increasingly recognized as an important part of the social ecology of children and youth, and these influences have become more visible and volatile in recent decades. Research that explores the level and effects of media influences calls for measurements of the quantity and character of exposure to a variety of potentially overlapping media sources, an analysis of the content of the media output, and examination of the social context and relationships that are associated with the media experience. Recognizing the importance of this research, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, under the auspices of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, and with the sponsorship of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, held a workshop in March 2006. Its purpose was twofold: to examine the quality of the measures used in studies of the effects of media on children's health and development and to identify gaps in both research and practice. The goal was for a variety of experts to consider steps and strategies that could move this research forward and improve its utility for helping parents, practitioners, and policy makers guide young people in navigating a media-rich environment. Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth provides a summary of that discussion, supplemented with information from two papers prepared for the workshop. It begins with an examination of the potential impact of media exposure, followed by a description of the basic research questions and the methods currently used to study them. Methodological questions and challenges and theoretical approaches are described; they are discussed from the perspective of other kinds of epidemiological research. This report closes with a discussion of future directions for the field. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Beatty, Alexandra %E Chalk, Rosemary %T A Study of Interactions: Emerging Issues in the Science of Adolescence: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10165-3 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11611/a-study-of-interactions-emerging-issues-in-the-science-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11611/a-study-of-interactions-emerging-issues-in-the-science-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 66 %X Scholars--and adults in general--have pondered for centuries the mysterious processes that influence the ways in which children gradually become adults. The development of professional organizations and journals devoted to adolescence, as well as increasing appreciation in academia and the world of policy for the importance of this phase of life, have helped this field catch up with the pace of research on other stages of human development particularly infancy and early childhood. The development of a comprehensive review of research on adolescence depends in large part on the perceived need for such a synthesis and the extent to which different research fields as well as policy and practice would benefit from such an effort. To address these issues, the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, through the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, held a two-day workshop in September 2005. The workshop was designed as an opportunity for an interdisciplinary group to explore the different strands of research that contribute to understanding adolescence. In the brief time available, the group was not asked to address the entire range of issues related to adolescent health and development, but rather to provide an initial explanation of issues that a longer term study might address. A Study of Interactions summarizes the major themes discussed at the workshop. It begins with an overview of what adolescence is and current views of the processes that shape development in the second decade of life. It explores the transdisciplinary research issues already presented in this field, as well as issues raised in discussions of goals for the field's future. A closing section describes the presenters' thoughts on the feasibility of launching an in depth contextual study that could more firmly establish connections among the many fields of study concerned with adolescence. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Evans, Geoffrey %E Bostrom, Ann %E Johnston, Richard B. %E Fisher, Barbara Loe %E Stoto, Michael A. %T Risk Communication and Vaccination: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-05790-5 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5861/risk-communication-and-vaccination-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5861/risk-communication-and-vaccination-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 44 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Durana, Jamie %T Physician Perspectives and Workforce Implications Following the Repeal of Roe v. Wade: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27211/physician-perspectives-and-workforce-implications-following-the-repeal-of-roe-v-wade %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27211/physician-perspectives-and-workforce-implications-following-the-repeal-of-roe-v-wade %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 5 %X The National Academies Standing Committee on Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society and the National Academy of Medicine, committed to equitable access to quality reproductive health, hosted a webinar, After Roe: Physician Perspectives and Workforce Implications, in May 2023. Discussions increased awareness and promoted dialogue in the medical, public health, societal, and general population. Speakers explored clinician workforce impacts of legal restrictions on the provision of reproductive health services in the U.S. Practicing physicians from obstetrics-gynecology, maternal-fetal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and oncology provided their perspectives on the effects of the legal limitations on their well-being (e.g., moral distress), professional futures, and institutional supports. Perspectives included individuals from a range of states with varying legal restrictions. This proceedings document summarizes the discussions held during the webinar. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Anderson, Karen M. %E Olson, Steve %T Strategies for Ensuring Diversity, Inclusion, and Meaningful Participation in Clinical Trials: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-44357-9 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23530/strategies-for-ensuring-diversity-inclusion-and-meaningful-participation-in-clinical-trials %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23530/strategies-for-ensuring-diversity-inclusion-and-meaningful-participation-in-clinical-trials %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 84 %X Even as the U.S. population becomes steadily more diverse, minorities and women remain underrepresented in clinical trials to develop new drugs and medical devices. Although progress in increasing minority participation in clinical trials has occurred, participation rates do not fully represent the overall population of minorities in the United States. This underrepresentation threatens the health of both these populations and the general population, since greater minority representation could reveal factors that affect health in all populations. Federal legislation has sought to increase the representation of minorities and women in clinical trials, but legislation by itself has not been sufficient to overcome the many barriers to greater participation. Only much broader changes will bring about the meaningful participation of all population groups in the clinical research needed to improve health. To examine the barriers to participation in clinical trials and ways of overcoming those barriers, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in April 2015. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Future Pediatric Subspecialty Physician Workforce: Meeting the Needs of Infants, Children, and Adolescents %@ 978-0-309-70840-1 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27207/the-future-pediatric-subspecialty-physician-workforce-meeting-the-needs-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27207/the-future-pediatric-subspecialty-physician-workforce-meeting-the-needs-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 384 %X Pediatric subspecialists are critical to ensuring quality care and pursuing research to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for children. However, there are substantial disincentives to pursuing a career as a pediatric subspecialist, which are often heightened for individuals from groups underrepresented in medicine, and more effective collaboration with primary care clinicians is needed. Changing health care needs, increasing care complexity, and access barriers to pediatric subspecialty care have raised concerns about the current and future availability of pediatric subspecialty care and research. In response, the National Academies, with support from a coalition of sponsors, formed the Committee on the Pediatric Subspecialty Workforce and Its Impact on Child Health and Well-Being to recommend strategies and actions to ensure an adequate pediatric subspecialty physician workforce to support broad access to high quality subspecialty care and a robust research portfolio to advance the health and health care of infants, children, and adolescents. This report outlines recommendations that, if fully implemented, can improve the quality of pediatric medical subspecialty care through a well-supported, superbly trained, and appropriately used primary care, subspecialty, and physician-scientist workforce. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Solarz, Andrea L. %T Lesbian Health: Current Assessment and Directions for the Future %@ 978-0-309-06567-2 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6109/lesbian-health-current-assessment-and-directions-for-the-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6109/lesbian-health-current-assessment-and-directions-for-the-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 252 %X Women's health, as a field of study, is a developing discipline. Health theories in general have been based on studies of men. However, in recent years, more attention has shifted to women's health, realizing the disparities between men and women in relation to their health. During the last two decades, a similar shift has occurred for a group of women—lesbian women—to further identify and specify their health needs. Over the past decade, lesbians have organized to call for attention to the health issues of this community, resulting in several federally funded research initiatives. This book offers a comprehensive view of what is known about lesbian health needs and what questions need further investigation, including: How do we define who is lesbian? Are there unique health issues for lesbians? Are lesbians at higher or lower risk for such health problems as AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, breast cancer, mental disorders, and substance abuse? How does homophobia affect lesbian health and the funding of research on lesbian health? How do lesbian health needs fit into the health care system and the larger society? What risk and protective factors shape the physical and mental health of lesbians? The book discusses how to determine which questions to ask about sexual orientation, the need to obtain information without violating privacy, the importance of considering racial and ethnic diversity in the study of lesbians, strategies for exchanging information among researchers and disseminating findings to the public, and mechanisms for supporting greater numbers of researchers. Lesbian Health takes a frank look at the political pressures, community attitudes, and professional concerns uniquely affecting the study of lesbian health issues. The book explores many other issues including the potential for transferring findings in this field to other population groups, including other rare populations and women in general. %0 Book %E Kipke, Michele D. %T Adolescent Development and the Biology of Puberty: Summary of a Workshop on New Research %@ 978-0-309-06582-5 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9634/adolescent-development-and-the-biology-of-puberty-summary-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9634/adolescent-development-and-the-biology-of-puberty-summary-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 44 %X Adolescence is one of the most fascinating and complex transitions in the human life span. Its breathtaking pace of growth and change is second only to that of infancy. Over the last two decades, the research base in the field of adolescence has had its own growth spurt. New studies have provided fresh insights while theoretical assumptions have changed and matured. This summary of an important 1998 workshop reviews key findings and addresses the most pressing research challenges. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Birch, Leann L. %E Parker, Lynn %E Burns, Annina %T Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies %@ 978-0-309-21024-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13124/early-childhood-obesity-prevention-policies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13124/early-childhood-obesity-prevention-policies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 202 %X Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep. In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Megan %T Family-Focused Interventions to Prevent Substance Use Disorders in Adolescence: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-69193-2 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26662/family-focused-interventions-to-prevent-substance-use-disorders-in-adolescence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26662/family-focused-interventions-to-prevent-substance-use-disorders-in-adolescence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 74 %X Adolescence is a crucial period of life for the prevention of substance use disorders. Research has shown that early intervention can significantly reduce rates of substance use disorder in adulthood. To learn more about effective family-focused interventions in primary care settings for preventing substance use disorder, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop on May 5-6, 2022. The proceedings from that workshop explores existing efforts to incorporate family-focused interventions into state health care policies. It also examines barriers to implementing such interventions as well as lessons learned from successful efforts to scale up these interventions. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Stratton, Kathleen %E Howe, Cynthia %E Battaglia, Frederick C. %T Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment %@ 978-0-309-07675-3 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4991/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-diagnosis-epidemiology-prevention-and-treatment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4991/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-diagnosis-epidemiology-prevention-and-treatment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 230 %X It sounds simple: Women who drink while pregnant may give birth to children with defects, so women should not drink during pregnancy. Yet in the 20 years since it was first described in the medical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has proved to be a stubborn problem, with consequences as serious as those of the more widely publicized "crack babies." This volume discusses FAS and other possibly alcohol-related effects from two broad perspectives: diagnosis and surveillance, and prevention and treatment. In addition, it includes several real-life vignettes of FAS children. The committee examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance. In addition, the book describes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to research on the prevention and treatment of FAS. The committee: Discusses levels of preventive intervention. Reviews available data about women and alcohol abuse and treatment among pregnant women. Explores the psychological and behavioral consequences of FAS at different ages. Examines the current state of knowledge about medical and therapeutic interventions, education efforts, and family support programs. This volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in high risk populations. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Preventing Teen Motor Crashes: Contributions from the Behavioral and Social Sciences: Workshop Report %@ 978-0-309-10401-2 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11814/preventing-teen-motor-crashes-contributions-from-the-behavioral-and-social %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11814/preventing-teen-motor-crashes-contributions-from-the-behavioral-and-social %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 76 %X From a public health perspective, motor vehicle crashes are among the most serious problems facing teenagers. Even after more than six months of being licensed to drive alone, teens are two to three times more likely to be in a fatal crash than are the more experienced drivers. Crash rates are significantly higher for male drivers, and young people in the United States are at greater risk of dying or being injured in an automobile than their peers around the world. In fact, in 2003 motor vehicle crashes was the leading cause of death for youth ages 16-20 in the United States. Understanding how and why teen motor vehicle crashes happen is key to developing countermeasures to reduce their number. Applying this understanding to the development of prevention strategies holds significant promise for improving safety but many of these efforts are thwarted by a lack of evidence as to which prevention strategies are most effective. Preventing Teen Motor Crashes presents data from a multidisciplinary group that shared information on emerging technology for studying, monitoring, and controlling driving behavior. The book provides an overview of the factual information that was presented, as well as the insights that emerged about the role researchers can play in reducing and preventing teen motor crashes. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Bonnie, Richard J. %E Backes, Emily P. %T The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth %@ 978-0-309-49008-5 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25388/the-promise-of-adolescence-realizing-opportunity-for-all-youth %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25388/the-promise-of-adolescence-realizing-opportunity-for-all-youth %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 492 %X Adolescence—beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20s—is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescence—rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rivara, Frederick %E Le Menestrel, Suzanne %T Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice %@ 978-0-309-44067-7 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 361 %X Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.