%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Living on an Active Earth: Perspectives on Earthquake Science %@ 978-0-309-06562-7 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10493/living-on-an-active-earth-perspectives-on-earthquake-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10493/living-on-an-active-earth-perspectives-on-earthquake-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 430 %X The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nicholson, Anna %E Haag, Tamara %T Community Power in Population Health Improvement: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09349-1 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26306/community-power-in-population-health-improvement-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26306/community-power-in-population-health-improvement-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 172 %X To explore issues related to community-driven power-building efforts to improve population health, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual public workshop, "Community Power in Population Health Improvement", on January 28 and 29, 2021. Participants discussed the different components and dimensions of community-led action around different population health improvement topics such as education, transportation, environmental health, healthy eating, and active living, among others. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T Advancing Effective Obesity Communications: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25649/advancing-effective-obesity-communications-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25649/advancing-effective-obesity-communications-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 9 %X On September 16, 2019, the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions of the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, held a public workshop, Advancing Effective Obesity Communications, in Washington, DC. The workshop explored effective communication of obesity-related issues by providing an overview of the current communications environment and addressing the complexity of identifying key audiences and developing targeted messages. Speakers discussed communications strategies to reach specific intermediary audiences, such as the public, decision makers, and policy makers. The workshop also explored challenges in communicating about obesity issues, which include aligning the intended meaning of messages with an individual's perception of and response to those messages, addressing obesity bias and stigma through communications, and addressing misinformation. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Olson, Steve %T Advancing Obesity Solutions Through Investments in the Built Environment: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24963/advancing-obesity-solutions-through-investments-in-the-built-environment-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24963/advancing-obesity-solutions-through-investments-in-the-built-environment-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 10 %X The built environment—the physical world made up of the homes, buildings, streets, and infrastructure within which we all live, work, and play—underwent changes during the 20th and 21st centuries. These changes contributed to a sharp decline in physical activity and affected access to healthy foods, which added to the weight gain observed among Americans in recent decades. As such, policies and practices that affect the built environment could affect obesity rates in the United States and improve the health of Americans. On September 12, 2017, the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a workshop to examine how investments in the built environment contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity and the overall health of communities. Specifically, presenters discussed successful multisector strategies that encourage physical activity and improve diet, equity, environmental justice, and overall community health and well-being, as well as discussed approaches for scaling up and institutionalizing these strategies to advance obesity solutions. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Physical Activity: Moving Toward Obesity Solutions: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-37814-7 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21802/physical-activity-moving-toward-obesity-solutions-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21802/physical-activity-moving-toward-obesity-solutions-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 196 %X In 2008, the U.S. federal government issued fully approved physical activity guidelines for the first time. The idea that physical activity impacts health can be traced as far back as Hippocrates, and the science around the linkages between physical activity and health has continuously accumulated. On April 14-15, 2015, the Institute of Medicine’s Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a 2-day workshop to explore the state of the science regarding the impact of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity and to highlight innovative strategies for promoting physical activity across different segments of the population. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Carolina, Laura Sandt, Alyson West, Sarah Johnson, Kristen Brookshire, Kelly Evenson, Highway Safety Research Center and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North %E VHB, Lauren Blackburn, Kara Peach, Margaret Tartala %E Association, Anna Ricklin, Sagar Shah, American Planning %E Rodriguez, Jason Corburn Daniel A. %T A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25644/a-research-roadmap-for-transportation-and-public-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25644/a-research-roadmap-for-transportation-and-public-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 64 %X States and localities are beginning to recognize and act on the connection between health and transportation. A growing number of entities have produced a number of resources, guidance documents, and strategic plans on the topic.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 932: A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health builds upon this body of work to provide a plan for funding research over the next decade that can lead to greater consideration of health issues in transportation contexts.The report includes an Implementation Plan that is outlined in the Health and Transportation Research Roadmap presentation as well as a document on the research methods and background materials from the project.The 10-year strategic Roadmap will provide a broad overview of highly relevant research needs as well as implementable tools for state DOTs and partners at the intersection of transportation and public health in the U.S. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Olson, Steve %T Advancing Obesity Solutions Through Investments in the Built Environment: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47459-7 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25074/advancing-obesity-solutions-through-investments-in-the-built-environment-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25074/advancing-obesity-solutions-through-investments-in-the-built-environment-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 100 %X The built environment—the physical world made up of the homes, buildings, streets, and infrastructure within which people live, work, and play—underwent changes during the 20th and 21st centuries that contributed to a sharp decline in physical activity and affected access to healthy foods. Those developments contributed in turn to the weight gain observed among Americans in recent decades. Many believe, therefore, that policies and practices that affect the built environment could affect obesity rates in the United States and improve the health of Americans. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in September 2017 to improve understanding of the roles played by the built environment in the prevention and treatment of obesity and to identify promising strategies in multiple sectors that can be scaled up to create more healthful and equitable environments. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Wizemann, Theresa %T Applying a Health Lens to Decision Making in Non-Health Sectors: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29975-6 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18659/applying-a-health-lens-to-decision-making-in-non-health-sectors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18659/applying-a-health-lens-to-decision-making-in-non-health-sectors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 94 %X Health is influenced by a wide range of factors, many of which fall outside of the health care delivery sector. These determinants of health include, for example, the characteristics of how people live, work, learn, and play. Decision and policy making in areas such as transportation, housing, and education at different levels of government, and in the private sector, can have far-reaching impacts on health. Throughout the United States there has been increasing dialogue on incorporating a health perspective into policies, programs, and projects outside the health field. Applying a Health Lens to Decision Making in Non-Health Sectors is the summary of a workshop convened in September 2013 by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement to foster cross-sectoral dialogue and consider the opportunities for and barriers to improving the conditions for health in the course of achieving other societal objectives (e.g., economic development, efficient public transit). The roundtable engaged members, outside experts, and stakeholders on three core issues: supporting fruitful interaction between primary care and public health; strengthening governmental public health; and exploring community action in transforming the conditions that influence the public's health. This report is a discussion of health in all policies approaches to promote consideration for potential health effects in policy making in many relevant domains, such as education, transportation, and housing. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation %@ 978-0-309-22154-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13275/accelerating-progress-in-obesity-prevention-solving-the-weight-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13275/accelerating-progress-in-obesity-prevention-solving-the-weight-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 478 %X One-third of adults are now obese, and children's obesity rates have climbed from 5 to 17 percent in the past 30 years. The causes of the nation's obesity epidemic are multi-factorial, having much more to do with the absence of sidewalks and the limited availability of healthy and affordable foods than a lack of personal responsibility. The broad societal changes that are needed to prevent obesity will inevitably affect activity and eating environments and settings for all ages. Many aspects of the obesity problem have been identified and discussed; however, there has not been complete agreement on what needs to be done to accelerate progress. Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention reviews previous studies and their recommendations and presents five key recommendations to accelerate meaningful change on a societal level during the next decade. The report suggests recommendations and strategies that, independently, can accelerate progress, but urges a systems approach of many strategies working in concert to maximize progress in accelerating obesity prevention. The recommendations in Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention include major reforms in access to and opportunities for physical activity; widespread reductions in the availability of unhealthy foods and beverages and increases in access to healthier options at affordable, competitive prices; an overhaul of the messages that surround Americans through marketing and education with respect to physical activity and food consumption; expansion of the obesity prevention support structure provided by health care providers, insurers, and employers; and schools as a major national focal point for obesity prevention. The report calls on all individuals, organizations, agencies, and sectors that do or can influence physical activity and nutrition environments to assess and begin to act on their potential roles as leaders in obesity prevention. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T A Health Equity Approach to Obesity Efforts: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49106-8 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25409/a-health-equity-approach-to-obesity-efforts-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25409/a-health-equity-approach-to-obesity-efforts-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 122 %X The obesity crisis in the United States disproportionately affects some demographic groups more than others. Contextual influences on obesity are complex and include an individual's weight-related behaviors and outcomes, the intermediate variables that influence these behaviors and outcomes, and broader, upstream historical, social, economic, physical, and policy contexts. The National Academies convened a workshop on April 1, 2019 to explore the history of health equity issues in demographic groups that have above-average obesity risk and to consider principles and approaches to address these issues as part of obesity prevention and treatment efforts. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T A Health Equity Approach to Obesity Efforts: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25496/a-health-equity-approach-to-obesity-efforts-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25496/a-health-equity-approach-to-obesity-efforts-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X On April 1, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop, A Health Equity Approach to Obesity Efforts, in Washington, DC. The workshop explored the history of health equity issues in demographic groups that have above-average obesity risk, and considered principles and approaches to address these issues as part of obesity prevention and treatment efforts. Speaker presentations addressed three areas: current policies and practices that either perpetuate health inequities or advance health equity; mechanisms to support community-driven solutions that can influence the social determinants of health; and approaches for fostering multisector collaboration to address disparities by exploring the issues related to the creation, implementation, and evaluation of equity-oriented programs, policies, and systems changes. Participants also discussed research needs to inform and mobilize equity-centered obesity prevention and treatment actions. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Institute of Medicine %T Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?: Examining the Evidence -- Special Report 282 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11203/does-the-built-environment-influence-physical-activity-examining-the-evidence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11203/does-the-built-environment-influence-physical-activity-examining-the-evidence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 268 %X TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Parker, Lynn %E Burns, Annina Catherine %E Sanchez, Eduardo %T Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity %@ 978-0-309-13927-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12674/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12674/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 138 %X The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments—with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues—are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels—federal, state, and local—in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Goldstein, Bernard D. %E Fischhoff, Baruch %E Marcus, Steven J. %E Coussens, Christine M. %T Ensuring Environmental Health in Postindustrial Cities: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-09061-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10826/ensuring-environmental-health-in-postindustrial-cities-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10826/ensuring-environmental-health-in-postindustrial-cities-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 95 %X the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Environmental Health Science, Research, and Medicine held a regional workshop in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on March 13, 2003. This workshop was a continued outgrowth from the Roundtable's first workshop when its members realized that the challenges facing those in the field of environmental health could not be addressed without a new definition of environmental health--one that incorporates the natural, built, and social environment. The Roundtable realized that the industrial legacy is not unique to Pittsburgh. Other cities around the world have seen their industries disappear, and it is only a matter of time before some of the Pittsburghs of today, such as Wuhan, China, (a sister city) will need to address similar problems. One goal for this IOM Environmental Health Roundtable Workshop is to extract lessons from Pittsburgh's experience in addressing the post-industrial challenge, distilling lessons that might be useful elsewhere. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Alper, Joe %T Population Health Implications of the Affordable Care Act: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29434-8 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18546/population-health-implications-of-the-affordable-care-act-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18546/population-health-implications-of-the-affordable-care-act-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 72 %X Population Health Implications of the Affordable Care Act is the summary of a workshop convened in June 2013 by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement to explore the likely impact on population health improvement of various provisions within the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This public workshop featured presentations and discussion of the impact of various provisions in the ACA on population health improvement. Several provisions of the ACA offer an unprecedented opportunity to shift the focus of health experts, policy makers, and the public beyond health care delivery to the broader array of factors that play a role in shaping health outcomes. The shift includes a growing recognition that the health care delivery system is responsible for only a modest proportion of what makes and keeps Americans healthy and that health care providers and organizations could accept and embrace a richer role in communities, working in partnership with public health agencies, community-based organizations, schools, businesses, and many others to identify and solve the thorny problems that contribute to poor health. Population Health Implications of the Affordable Care Act looks beyond narrow interpretations of population as the group of patients covered by a health plan to consider a more expansive understanding of population, one focused on the distribution of health outcomes across all individuals living within a certain set of geopolitical boundaries. In establishing the National Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health Council, creating a fund for prevention and public health, and requiring nonprofit hospitals to transform their concept of community benefit, the ACA has expanded the arena for interventions to improve health beyond the "doctor's" office. Improving the health of the population - whether in a community or in the nation as a whole - requires acting to transform the places where people live, work, study, and play. This report examines the population health-oriented efforts of and interactions among public health agencies (state and local), communities, and health care delivery organizations that are beginning to facilitate such action. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Olson, Steve %E Sim, Leslie %E Ziegenhorn, Sarah %T Cross-Sector Responses to Obesity: Models for Change: Workshop in Brief %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21686/cross-sector-responses-to-obesity-models-for-change-workshop-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21686/cross-sector-responses-to-obesity-models-for-change-workshop-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 8 %X On September 30, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a 1-day workshop titled "Cross-Sector Work on Obesity Prevention, Treatment, and Weight Maintenance: Models for Change." The workshop was designed to explore models of cross-sector work that may reduce the prevalence and consequences of obesity, discuss lessons learned from case studies of cross-sector initiatives, and spur future cross-sector collaboration. This brief summary of the workshop highlights the salient points that emerged from the presentations and discussions at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Baciu, Alina B. %T Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25030/exploring-early-childhood-care-and-education-levers-to-improve-population-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25030/exploring-early-childhood-care-and-education-levers-to-improve-population-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 9 %X Experts from the health and the early childhood care and education (ECE) fields gathered on September 14, 2017, in New York City at a workshop hosted by the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement. The workshop presentations and discussion focused on the evidence base at the intersection of the two fields; on exploring current effective strategies, ways to expand current efforts, and ways to work together in the future; and on the policy levers available to improve early childhood development, health, and learning. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E McHugh, M. Kelly %T The Roles of Trust and Health Literacy in Achieving Health Equity: Community Settings: Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26889/the-roles-of-trust-and-health-literacy-in-achieving-health-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26889/the-roles-of-trust-and-health-literacy-in-achieving-health-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 10 %X The National Academies Roundtable on Health Literacy convened the third of three workshops to address the themes of trust and positive health equity outcomes that arise from strategic community-based organization practices. Given the historical and current reasons individuals and communities with marginalized identities have to mistrust public health communications and institutions, health literacy is essential. To bolster mutual trust, hospitals, payers, providers, and public health professionals should have the cultural competence and humility to match the health literacy needed from their patients.This Proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T Engaging Communities in Addressing Structural Drivers of Obesity: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26787/engaging-communities-in-addressing-structural-drivers-of-obesity-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26787/engaging-communities-in-addressing-structural-drivers-of-obesity-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 10 %X Obesity is a complex disease with multiple causes and contributors that should be targeted in interventions. The Roundtable on Obesity Solutions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a series of workshops on how to bridge evidence gaps within foundational drivers of obesity and translate knowledge towards actionable solutions. The second workshop in this series, Engaging Communities in Addressing Structural Drivers of Obesity, focused on community engagement in obesity solutions. It explored barriers and opportunities for community engagement and highlighted examples of community initiatives that emphasize the intersection of obesity with structural racism, bias and stigma, and health communication to address needs identified by communities and foster changes to support health and wellness. This Proceedings of a Workshop-In Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Roundtable on Population Health Improvement: 2020 Annual Report %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27082/roundtable-on-population-health-improvement-2020-annual-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27082/roundtable-on-population-health-improvement-2020-annual-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 19