TY - BOOK TI - The Science of Science Communication II: Summary of a Colloquium SN - DO - 10.17226/18478 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18478/the-science-of-science-communication-ii-summary-of-a-colloquium PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Successful scientists must be effective communicators within their professions. Without those skills, they could not write papers and funding proposals, give talks and field questions, or teach classes and mentor students. However, communicating with audiences outside their profession - people who may not share scientists' interests, technical background, cultural assumptions, and modes of expression - presents different challenges and requires additional skills. Communication about science in political or social settings differs from discourse within a scientific discipline. Not only are scientists just one of many stakeholders vying for access to the public agenda, but the political debates surrounding science and its applications may sometimes confront scientists with unfamiliar and uncomfortable discussions involving religious values, partisan interests, and even the trustworthiness of science. The Science of Science Communication II is the summary of a Sackler Colloquium convened in September 2013 At this event, leading social, behavioral, and decision scientists, other scientists, and communication practitioners shared current research that can improve the communication of science to lay audiences. In the Sackler Colloquia tradition, the meeting also allowed social and natural scientists to identify new opportunities to collaborate and advance their own research, while improving public engagement with science. Speakers provided evidence-based guidance on how to listen to others so as to identify their information needs, ways of thinking about the world, and the cultural stereotypes regarding scientists. They delved deeply into the incentive systems that shape what scientists study and how they report their work, the subtle changes in framing that can influence how messages are interpreted, the complex channels that determine how messages flow, and the potential politicization of scientific evidence. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jeanne Rivard TI - Behavioral Economics and the Promotion of Health Among Aging Populations: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25190 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25190/behavioral-economics-and-the-promotion-of-health-among-aging-populations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - There has been a significant increase in research applying behavioral economics and related behavioral science to health. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop June 4–5, 2018, to discuss behavioral economics research with the goal of extending such research to be of benefit to older and middle-aged adults. The goals of the workshop were (1) to share knowledge about successful applications; (2) to encourage investigations that will deepen understanding of the specific conditions, people, and contexts for which such applications are more and less effective; and (3) to identify the mechanisms underlying the interventions. Specifically, there was a focus on considering interventions that could generate long-term benefits in areas of interest to the National Institute on Aging, such as decreasing sedentary behavior, promoting volunteering and social engagement, improving medical regimen adherence, and reducing inappropriate use of opioids and using opioids when medically necessary. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alison Buttenheim A2 - Robert Moffitt A2 - Alexandra Beatty TI - Behavioral Economics: Policy Impact and Future Directions SN - DO - 10.17226/26874 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26874/behavioral-economics-policy-impact-and-future-directions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Behavioral economics - a field based in collaborations among economists and psychologists - focuses on integrating a nuanced understanding of behavior into models of decision-making. Since the mid-20th century, this growing field has produced research in numerous domains and has influenced policymaking, research, and marketing. However, little has been done to assess these contributions and review evidence of their use in the policy arena. Behavioral Economics: Policy Impact and Future Directions examines the evidence for behavioral economics and its application in six public policy domains: health, retirement benefits, climate change, social safety net benefits, climate change, education, and criminal justice. The report concludes that the principles of behavioral economics are indispensable for the design of policy and recommends integrating behavioral specialists into policy development within government units. In addition, the report calls for strengthening research methodology and identifies research priorities for building on the accomplishments of the field to date. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Neela Sakaria A2 - Natalie Stehfest TI - Millennials and Mobility: Understanding the Millennial Mindset and New Opportunities for Transit Providers DO - 10.17226/22500 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22500/millennials-and-mobility-understanding-the-millennial-mindset-and-new-opportunities-for-transit-providers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 61: Millennials and Mobility: Understanding the Millennial Mindset and New Opportunities for Transit Providers is designed to help public transit providers increase ridership by better understanding Millennials lifestyle and mobility decision-making processes.A quantitative survey was used in the development of TCRP Web-Only Document 61. The survey focused on quantifying Millennials’ mobility motivations and behaviors. The final survey instrument and the survey data are available by clicking on the links below.Millennials Mobility–Phase 2 Survey Instrument (.pdf)Quant Data by Living Situation--Parental Status (.xlsx)Quant Data by Market--Age Groups (.xlsx)Quant Data by Millennial Hot Spot vs. Non (.xlsx)Quant Open-Ended Responses (.xlsx)Final Quant Dataset (.sav) (SPSS statistical analysis software is necessary to open) Software Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Lynn Parker A2 - Annina Catherine Burns A2 - Eduardo Sanchez TI - Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity SN - DO - 10.17226/12674 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12674/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Food and Nutrition AB - The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments—with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues—are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels—federal, state, and local—in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Beverly Thompson Kuhn A2 - Matthew Miller A2 - Beverly J. Storey TI - Summary State DOT Practices for Developing and Implementing TSMO Plans DO - 10.17226/26206 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26206/summary-state-dot-practices-for-developing-and-implementing-tsmo-plans PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Transportation Systems Management and Operations (TSMO) programs include elements of operations, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and safety. They are frequently complex and cross jurisdictional boundaries, involving traditional state departments of transportation (DOTs), local DOTs, and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), along with disruptive technology markets.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 567: Summary State DOT Practices for Developing and Implementing TSMO Plans documents current practices used by state DOTs related to the development and implementation of TSMO plans from state DOTs and MPOs. The study develops an overview of the current state of TSMO plan development and methodology. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Kara Nyberg A2 - Annina Catherine Burns A2 - Lynn Parker TI - Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12746 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12746/childhood-obesity-prevention-in-texas-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas summarizes the information gathered at a workshop held February 5-6, 2009, in Austin, Texas. At this workshop, committee members met with Texas lawmakers, public officials, and community leaders to exchange ideas and to view first-hand strategies that are being implemented effectively at the state and local levels to prevent and reverse childhood obesity. Texas leaders at the workshop expressed the strong belief that the state's economic vitality and security depend on the health of its population. Accordingly, the state is no longer simply describing the personal, community, and financial costs of its obesity crisis; it is taking proactive steps to address the problem through strategic initiatives. An overarching strategy is to address obesity by targeting the state's youth, in whom it may be possible to instill healthy behaviors and lifestyles to last a lifetime. A guiding principle of these efforts is that they should be evidence based, community specific, sustainable, cost-effective, and supported by effective partnerships. Moreover, the goal is for the responsibility to be broadly shared by individuals, families, communities, and the public and private sectors. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Laura L. Carstensen A2 - Christine R. Hartel TI - When I'm 64 SN - DO - 10.17226/11474 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11474/when-im-64 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Stanley B. Jones A2 - Marion Ein Lewin TI - Improving the Medicare Market: Adding Choice and Protections SN - DO - 10.17226/5299 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5299/improving-the-medicare-market-adding-choice-and-protections PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Medicare beneficiaries are rapidly moving into managed care, as attempts to restrain the growth of this costly entitlement program progress. However, advocates for patients question whether the necessary information and structures are in place to enable Medicare consumers to select wisely among private-sector managed care options. Improving the Medicare Market examines how to give Medicare beneficiaries the same choice of health plan options enjoyed in the private sector—yet protect them as consumers and patients. This book recommends approaches to ensuring accountability and informed purchasing for Medicare beneficiaries in an environment of broader choice and managed care—how the government should evaluate and approve plans, what role the traditional Medicare program should play, how to help to elderly understand their options, and many other practical matters. The committee discusses the information requirements of Medicare beneficiaries and explores in detail how best to respond to their special needs. And it examines the procedures that should be developed to provide the necessary protections for the elderly in a managed care system. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Putting Biotechnology to Work: Bioprocess Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/2052 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2052/putting-biotechnology-to-work-bioprocess-engineering PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - The ability of the United States to sustain a dominant global position in biotechnology lies in maintaining its primacy in basic life-science research and developing a strong resource base for bioprocess engineering and bioproduct manufacturing. This book examines the status of bioprocessing and biotechnology in the United States; current bioprocess technology, products, and opportunities; and challenges of the future and what must be done to meet those challenges. It gives recommendations for action to provide suitable incentives to establish a national program in bioprocess-engineering research, development, education, and technology transfer. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Hypersonic Technology for Military Application SN - DO - 10.17226/1747 PY - 1989 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1747/hypersonic-technology-for-military-application PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?: Examining the Evidence -- Special Report 282 DO - 10.17226/11203 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11203/does-the-built-environment-influence-physical-activity-examining-the-evidence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Health and Medicine AB - TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Report of the Committee on Paleoecology, 1935-1936: Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Division of Geology and Geography, National Research Council, May 2, 1936 DO - 10.17226/18676 PY - 1936 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18676/report-of-the-committee-on-paleoecology-1935-1936-presented-at-the-annual-meeting-of-the-division-of-geology-and-geography-national-research-council-may-2-1936 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Biology and Life Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1996 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/5576 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5576/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Space may have been called the "final frontier," but there are new frontiers to discover every day and engineers are the ones exploring them. Through groundbreaking research and cutting-edge technologies, engineers are now able to go beyond traditional boundaries, doing things that would have been all but impossible just a few short years ago. A sample of these exciting frontiers is revealed in this new publication from the National Academy of Engineering, which looks at new and emerging technologies to explain how they were developed and what new benefits they will bring. The book also highlights the kinds of pioneering research and technological work being done by some of the country's emerging leaders in engineering. Topics covered include microelectromechanical systems, design research, computer-generated visualization for design and display, and innovations in materials and processes. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Patricia A. Cuff A2 - Erin Hammers Forstag TI - Improving Health Professional Education and Practice Through Technology: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25072 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25072/improving-health-professional-education-and-practice-through-technology-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Education AB - A pressing challenge in the modern health care system is the gap between education and clinical practice. Emerging technologies have the potential to bridge this gap by creating the kind of team-based learning environments and clinical approaches that are increasingly necessary in the modern health care system both in the United States and around the world. To explore these technologies and their potential for improving education and practice, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop in November 2017. Participants explored effective use of technologies as tools for bridging identified gaps within and between health professions education and practice in order to optimize learning, performance and access in high-, middle-, and low-income areas while ensuring the well-being of the formal and informal health workforce. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Castiglione A2 - Mark Bradley A2 - John Gliebe TI - Activity-Based Travel Demand Models: A Primer DO - 10.17226/22357 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22357/activity-based-travel-demand-models-a-primer PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-C46-RR-1: Activity-Based Travel Demand Models: A Primer explores ways to inform policymakers’ decisions about developing and using activity-based travel demand models to better understand how people plan and schedule their daily travel.The document is composed of two parts. The first part provides an overview of activity-based model development and application. The second part discusses issues in linking activity-based models to dynamic network assignment models. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation SN - DO - 10.17226/13275 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13275/accelerating-progress-in-obesity-prevention-solving-the-weight-of-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Health and Medicine AB - One-third of adults are now obese, and children's obesity rates have climbed from 5 to 17 percent in the past 30 years. The causes of the nation's obesity epidemic are multi-factorial, having much more to do with the absence of sidewalks and the limited availability of healthy and affordable foods than a lack of personal responsibility. The broad societal changes that are needed to prevent obesity will inevitably affect activity and eating environments and settings for all ages. Many aspects of the obesity problem have been identified and discussed; however, there has not been complete agreement on what needs to be done to accelerate progress. Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention reviews previous studies and their recommendations and presents five key recommendations to accelerate meaningful change on a societal level during the next decade. The report suggests recommendations and strategies that, independently, can accelerate progress, but urges a systems approach of many strategies working in concert to maximize progress in accelerating obesity prevention. The recommendations in Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention include major reforms in access to and opportunities for physical activity; widespread reductions in the availability of unhealthy foods and beverages and increases in access to healthier options at affordable, competitive prices; an overhaul of the messages that surround Americans through marketing and education with respect to physical activity and food consumption; expansion of the obesity prevention support structure provided by health care providers, insurers, and employers; and schools as a major national focal point for obesity prevention. The report calls on all individuals, organizations, agencies, and sectors that do or can influence physical activity and nutrition environments to assess and begin to act on their potential roles as leaders in obesity prevention. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Christopher M Hobbs A2 - Yuriy A Gurovich A2 - Eric Boeker A2 - Aaron Hasting A2 - Amanda Rapoza A2 - Juliet Page A2 - John A Volpe TI - Improving AEDT Noise Modeling of Mixed Ground Surfaces DO - 10.17226/24822 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24822/improving-aedt-noise-modeling-of-mixed-ground-surfaces PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web-Only Document 32: Improving AEDT Noise Modeling of Mixed Ground Surfaces develops a method to model the effects of single- and mixed-impedance surfaces on the propagation of aircraft noise in a manner suitable for model implementation to improve the noise prediction accuracy of the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT). AEDT is an integrated noise model, which currently includes a lateral attenuation adjustment to account for the effects of lateral aircraft directivity and for acoustic propagation over soft ground. This research includes an investigation of additional methods to supplement the lateral attenuation adjustment to allow for modeling noise propagation over hard and mixed ground types in AEDT. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Brian D. Smedley A2 - Adrienne Y. Stith A2 - Lois Colburn A2 - Clyde H. Evans TI - The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in the Health Professions -- Summary of the Symposium on Diversity in Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, M.D. SN - DO - 10.17226/10186 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10186/the-right-thing-to-do-the-smart-thing-to-do PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Symposium on Diversity in the Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, M.D., was convened in March 2001 to provide a forum for health policymakers, health professions educators, education policymakers, researchers, and others to address three significant and contradictory challenges: the continued under-representation of African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans in health professions; the growth of these populations in the United States and subsequent pressure to address their health care needs; and the recent policy, legislative, and legal challenges to affirmative action that may limit access for underrepresented minority students to health professions training. The symposium summary along with a collection of papers presented are to help stimulate further discussion and action toward addressing these challenges. The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in Health Professions illustrates how the health care industry and health care professions are fighting to retain the public's confidence so that the U.S. health care system can continue to be the world's best. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Developing Capacities for Teaching Responsible Science in the MENA Region: Refashioning Scientific Dialogue SN - DO - 10.17226/18356 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18356/developing-capacities-for-teaching-responsible-science-in-the-mena-region PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Education KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Spurred on by new discoveries and rapid technological advances, the capacity for life science research is expanding across the globe—and with it comes concerns about the unintended impacts of research on the physical and biological environment, human well-being, or the deliberate misuse of knowledge, tools, and techniques to cause harm. This report describes efforts to address dual use issues by developing institutes around the world that will help life sciences faculty learn to teach about the responsible conduct of science. Based on the successful National Academies Summer Institute for Undergraduate Biology Education and on previous NRC reports on effective methods for teaching about dual use issues, the report's authoring committee designed a general framework for the faculty institutes and chose the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region to test a prototype faculty institute. In September 2012, the first Institute was held in Aqaba, Jordan, bringing together 28 participants from Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, and Yemen to engage with effective, evidence-based teaching methods, develop curricular materials for use in their own classrooms, and become community leaders on dual use and related topics. Developing Capacities for Teaching Responsible Science in the MENA Region: Refashioning Scientific Dialogue offers insights from the institute that will help in the design and implementation of future programs in the MENA region, and in other parts of the world. ER -