TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anna Nicholson A2 - Megan Reeve Snair A2 - Jack Herrmann TI - Global Health Risk Framework: Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems to Respond to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21856 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21856/global-health-risk-framework-resilient-and-sustainable-health-systems-to PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Workshop on Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems to Respond to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks are summarized in this report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gillian J. Buckley A2 - Rachel E. Pittluck TI - Global Health Risk Framework: Pandemic Financing: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21855 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21855/global-health-risk-framework-pandemic-financing-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Pandemic Financing Workshop are summarized in this report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper TI - Engaging the Private-Sector Health Care System in Building Capacity to Respond to Threats to the Public's Health and National Security: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25203 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25203/engaging-the-private-sector-health-care-system-in-building-capacity-to-respond-to-threats-to-the-publics-health-and-national-security PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Disasters tend to cross political, jurisdictional, functional, and geographic boundaries. As a result, disasters often require responses from multiple levels of government and multiple organizations in the public and private sectors. This means that public and private organizations that normally operate independently must work together to mount an effective disaster response. To identify and understand approaches to aligning health care system incentives with the American public’s need for a health care system that is prepared to manage acutely ill and injured patients during a disaster, public health emergency, or other mass casualty event, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a 2-day public workshop on March 20 and 21, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Dan Hanfling A2 - John L. Hick A2 - Clare Stroud TI - Crisis Standards of Care: A Toolkit for Indicators and Triggers SN - DO - 10.17226/18338 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18338/crisis-standards-of-care-a-toolkit-for-indicators-and-triggers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Disasters and public health emergencies can stress health care systems to the breaking point and disrupt delivery of vital medical services. During such crises, hospitals and long-term care facilities may be without power; trained staff, ambulances, medical supplies and beds could be in short supply; and alternate care facilities may need to be used. Planning for these situations is necessary to provide the best possible health care during a crisis and, if needed, equitably allocate scarce resources. Crisis Standards of Care: A Toolkit for Indicators and Triggers examines indicators and triggers that guide the implementation of crisis standards of care and provides a discussion toolkit to help stakeholders establish indicators and triggers for their own communities. Together, indicators and triggers help guide operational decision making about providing care during public health and medical emergencies and disasters. Indicators and triggers represent the information and actions taken at specific thresholds that guide incident recognition, response, and recovery. This report discusses indicators and triggers for both a slow onset scenario, such as pandemic influenza, and a no-notice scenario, such as an earthquake. Crisis Standards of Care features discussion toolkits customized to help various stakeholders develop indicators and triggers for their own organizations, agencies, and jurisdictions. The toolkit contains scenarios, key questions, and examples of indicators, triggers, and tactics to help promote discussion. In addition to common elements designed to facilitate integrated planning, the toolkit contains chapters specifically customized for emergency management, public health, emergency medical services, hospital and acute care, and out-of-hospital care. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Medicine A2 - Laura Adams A2 - Mahnoor Ahmed A2 - Ariana Bailey A2 - Peak Sen Chua A2 - Chinenye Stephen Chukwurah A2 - Michael Cocchiola A2 - Anna Cupito A2 - Kushal Kadakia A2 - Jennifer Lee A2 - Asia Williams TI - Emerging Stronger from COVID-19: Priorities for Health System Transformation SN - DO - 10.17226/26657 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26657/emerging-stronger-from-covid-19-priorities-for-health-system-transformation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In mid-2022, the United States has lost more than 1 million people to the COVID-19 pandemic. We have been real-time witnesses to scores of heroic responses to the disease, death, inequity, and economic strife unleashed by the virus, but have also experienced the consequences of poor pandemic preparedness and long-standing structural failures in our health system. For decades, the U.S. health system has fallen far short of its potential to support and improve individual and population health. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented death and devastation—but also an unprecedented opportunity to truly transform U.S. health, health care, and health delivery. To capitalize on this opportunity, the National Academy of Medicine gathered field leaders from across all of the major health system sectors to assess how each sector has responded to the pandemic and the opportunities that exist for health system transformation. The opportunity is now to capitalize on the hard-won lessons of COVID-19 and build a health care system that centers patients, families, and communities; cares for clinicians; supports care systems, public health, and biomedical research to perform at the best of their abilities; applies innovations from digital health and quality, safety, and standards organizations; and encourages health care payers and health product manufacturers and innovators to produce products that benefit all. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Addressing Disaster Vulnerability among Homeless Populations during COVID-19 DO - 10.17226/26220 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26220/addressing-disaster-vulnerability-among-homeless-populations-during-covid-19 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - During the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to key services for populations experiencing homelessness may lead to secondary effects in the context of a disaster, including effects on health and safety, which require additional population-specific support. Reducing disaster vulnerability for people experiencing homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic requires adapting existing preparedness guidance to an evolving situation. Addressing Disaster Vulnerability among Homeless Populations during COVID-19 reviews research on disaster vulnerability, homelessness, the pandemic, and intersecting hazards and disasters. This rapid expert consultation includes considerations for alternative shelter facilities for homeless populations during a disaster; suggestions on how to navigate service reductions and support population-specific needs; and guidance for supporting populations experiencing homelessness in the aftermath of disasters. This rapid expert consultation was produced through the Societal Experts Action Network (SEAN), an activity of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. SEAN links researchers in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences with decision makers to respond to policy questions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. This project is affiliated with the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Tumaini Rucker Coker A2 - Jennifer Appleton Gootman A2 - Emily P. Backes TI - Addressing the Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Families SN - DO - 10.17226/26809 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26809/addressing-the-long-term-effects-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-children-and-families PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the lives of children and their families, who have faced innumerable challenges such as illness and death; school closures; social isolation; financial hardship; food insecurity; deleterious mental health effects; and difficulties accessing health care. In almost every outcome related to social, emotional, behavioral, educational, mental, physical, and economic health and well-being, families identifying as Black, Latino, and Native American, and those with low incomes, have disproportionately borne the brunt of the negative effects of the pandemic. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and families will be felt for years to come. While these long-term effects are unknown, they are likely to have particularly significant implications for children and families from racially and ethnically minoritized communities and with low incomes. Addressing the Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Families identifies social, emotional, behavioral, educational, mental, physical, and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and looks at strategies for addressing the challenges and obstacles that the pandemic introduced for children and families in marginalized communities. This report provides recommendations for programs, supports, and interventions to counteract the negative effects of the pandemic on child and family well-being and offers a path forward to recover from the harms of the pandemic, address inequities, and prepare for the future. ER -