@BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Hampton C. Gabler and Allison Daniello and Whitney Tatem and Ada Tsoi and Douglas J. Gabauer and Joel Stitzel and Joel Sink and Ryan Barnard", title = "Serious and Fatal Motorcycle Crashes into Traffic Barriers: Injury Information", abstract = "Motorcycle riders account for more fatalities than the passengers of any other vehicle type involved in a guardrail collision.\nThe TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 327: Serious and Fatal Motorcycle Crashes into Traffic Barriers: Injury Information is a supplemental document to NCHRP Research Report 1005: Motorcycle Crashes into Traffic Barriers: Factors Related to Serious and Fatal Injuries.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26784/serious-and-fatal-motorcycle-crashes-into-traffic-barriers-injury-information", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Hampton C. Gabler and Allison Daniello and Whitney Tatem and Ada Tsoi and Douglas J. Gabauer and Joel Stitzel and Joel Sink and Ryan Barnard", title = "Motorcycle Crashes into Traffic Barriers: Factors Related to Serious and Fatal Injuries", abstract = "Motorcycle riders account for more fatalities than the passengers of any other vehicle type involved in a guardrail collision. In 2018, motorcycle riders accounted for 40% of all fatalities resulting from a guardrail collision.\nThe TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1005: Motorcycle Crashes into Traffic Barriers: Factors Related to Serious and Fatal Injuries provides support for implementation of motorcyclist protection systems (MPS) in the United States.\nSupplemental to the report are a presentation and NCHRP Web-Only Document 327: Serious and Fatal Motorcycle Crashes into Traffic Barriers: Injury Information.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26785/motorcycle-crashes-into-traffic-barriers-factors-related-to-serious-and-fatal-injuries", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Daniel Blower and Carol Flannagan and Srinivas Geedipally and Dominique Lord and Robert Wunderlich", title = "Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012", abstract = "Between 2005 and 2011, the number of traffic fatalities in the U.S. declined by 11,031, from 43,510 in 2005 to 32,479 in 2011. This decline amounted to a reduction in traffic-related deaths of 25.4 percent, by far the greatest decline over a comparable period in the last 30 years.Historically, significant drops in traffic fatalities over a short period of time have coincided with economic recessions. Longer recessions have coincided with deeper declines in the number of traffic fatalities. This TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 928: Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012 provides an analysis that identifies the specific factors in the economic decline that affected fatal crash risk, while taking into account the long-term factors that determine the level of traffic safety.A key insight into the analysis of the factors that produced the sharp drop in traffic fatalities was that the young contributed disproportionately to the drop-off in traffic fatalities. Of the reduction in traffic fatalities from 2007 to 2011, people 25-years-old and younger accounted for nearly 48 percent of the drop, though they were only about 28 percent of total traffic fatalities prior to the decline. Traffic deaths among people 25-years-old and younger dropped substantially more than other groups. Young drivers are known to be a high-risk group and can be readily identified in the crash data. Other high-risk groups also likely contributed to the decline but they cannot be identified as well as age can.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25590/identification-of-factors-contributing-to-the-decline-of-traffic-fatalities-in-the-united-states-from-2008-to-2012", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Development of Safety Performance-Based Guidelines for the Roadside Design Guide", abstract = "In 1960, it was observed that approximately 30% to 35% of highway fatalities occur in runoff-road collisions, a statistic that has remained remarkably constant through the present day.\nThe TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 972: Development of Safety Performance-Based Guidelines for the Roadside Design Guide provides quantitative safety performance guidance, rather than implicit guidance, which will more effectively communicate design objectives and performance goals, and quantify improvements to safety. This change is complementary to the performance-based practical design approach being promoted by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, as well as the ongoing efforts to add performance-based design measures to the geometric design process as documented in NCHRP Report 785:Performance-Based Analysis of Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.\nSupplemental to the report are four appendices: Appendix A: Roadside Risk Workbook, Appendix B: Derivations, Appendix C: Serious and Fatal Injury Crash Tables, and Appendix D: Research Needs and Knowledge Gaps.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26763/development-of-safety-performance-based-guidelines-for-the-roadside-design-guide", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Malcolm H. Ray and Christine E. Carrigan and Chuck A. Plaxico and Shaw-Pin Miaou and T. Olaf Johnson", title = "Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) Update", abstract = "Motor vehicle crashes cost society more than $230 billion annually. On an average day, 117 fatal crashes occur on U.S. roadways, and 30 percent of these fatalities are people under the age of 25. In total, this amounts to a societal loss of $630 million per day.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 319: Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) Update details a safety-analysis program for run-off-road (ROR) traffic crashes, which account for almost one-third of the deaths and serious injuries each year on U.S. highways.Supplemental to the document are an RSAPv3 User's Manual, an RSAPv3 Engineer's Manual, an RSAPv3 Programmer\u2019s Manual, and a Survey Form and Results.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26521/roadside-safety-analysis-program-rsap-update", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Performance Functions", abstract = "Each year, national crash studies have estimated that while overall traffic fatalities are decreasing, the percentages of those fatalities among pedestrians and cyclists are increasing.\nNCHRP Research Report 1064: Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Performance Functions, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents state departments of transportation and other transportation professionals with an update of pedestrian and bicycle safety performance functions (SPFs).\nSupplemental to the report are three spreadsheet tools that address SPFs on rural multilane roads, rural two-lane roads, and urban\/suburban arterials.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27294/pedestrian-and-bicycle-safety-performance-functions", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Jaime Sullivan and Jay Otto and Katie Dively and Bridget Hanson and Kari Finley and Karen Gee and Samantha Pinzl and Jamie Arpin and Cara Hamann", title = "Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural and Tribal Areas: A Guide", abstract = "Roadway fatalities and serious injuries are a significant public health concern in rural and tribal settings. Creating a coalition of interested individuals is part of the Safe System Approach that addresses the high rates of these fatalities and serious injuries.\nBTSCRP Research Report 8: Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural and Tribal Areas: A Guide, from TRB's Behavioral Transportation Safety Cooperative Research Program, details this approach, which includes strategies for safer people, safer roads, safer vehicles, safer speeds, and post-crash care.\nSupplemental to the report are BTSCRP Web-Only Document 4: Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural Areas and a video that explains how to create a logic model.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27197/highway-safety-behavioral-strategies-for-rural-and-tribal-areas-a-guide", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Charles Zegeer, Paul Scott, Don L. Ivey, Kevin Zegeer", title = "Utility Pole Safety and Hazard Evaluation Approaches", abstract = "In 2017, the latest year for which data are available, 887 fatal utility pole crashes occurred in the United States, accounting for 914 fatalities. These numbers were about the same as those in recent years but lower than such fatality numbers from a decade or two ago.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 557: Utility Pole Safety and Hazard Evaluation Approaches summarizes the strategies, policies, and technologies that state transportation agencies (STAs) and utility owners (UOs) employ to address utility pole safety concerns.Specific areas of interest for this synthesis report include methods to identify problem poles and high-risk locations, pole-placement policies, strategies and countermeasures to reduce the risk of pole-related collisions and resulting injuries and deaths, and available funding sources for implementing countermeasures. Case studies were also developed for exemplary STAs and UOs, highlighting some of their utility pole safety activities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25923/utility-pole-safety-and-hazard-evaluation-approaches", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Ingrid B. Potts and Douglas W. Harwood", title = "Design Guidelines for Mitigating Collisions with Trees and Utility Poles", abstract = "Each year, roadway departure crashes in the United States result in serious injuries and fatalities. More than 1 in 3 fatalities are associated with impacting fixed objects such as trees and utility poles.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1016: Design Guidelines for Mitigating Collisions with Trees and Utility Poles presents guidelines to quantitatively determine the safety risks posed by fixed objects placed in close proximity to roadways.Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 336: Proposed Guidlines for Fixed Objects in the Roadside Design Guide, a Spreadsheet Tool, an Implementation Plan, and a PowerPoint Slide Summary.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26777/design-guidelines-for-mitigating-collisions-with-trees-and-utility-poles", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Jaime Sullivan and Jay Otto and Katie Dively and Bridget Hanson and Kari Finley and Karen Gee and Samantha Pinzl and Jamie Arpin and Cara Hamann", title = "Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural Areas", abstract = "Rural roads have a higher risk of fatality or serious injury than urban roads due to factors such as varying terrain, wildlife, and long distances between services.\nBTSCRP Web-Only Document 4: Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural Areas, from TRB's Behavioral Transportation Safety Cooperative Research Program, documents the overall research effort that produced BTSCRP Research Report 8: Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural and Tribal Areas: A Guide. Supplemental to the document is a PowerPoint presentation that outlines the project.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27196/highway-safety-behavioral-strategies-for-rural-areas", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Proposed Guidelines for Fixed Objects in the Roadside Design Guide", abstract = "Crash data show that more than 18,000 traffic fatalities per year result from roadway departures, and over 7,000 of those roadway departure crashes involved collisions with roadside fixed objects.\nThe TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 336: Proposed Guidelines for Fixed Objects in the Roadside Design Guide helps develop an evaluation methodology and design guidance for use by engineering practitioners to quantify the relative risk of collisions with roadside fixed objects.\nThe document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1016: Design Guidelines for Mitigating Collisions with Trees and Utility Poles.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26776/proposed-guidelines-for-fixed-objects-in-the-roadside-design-guide", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Frank Gross and Yuying Zhou and Chris Brasier", title = "Practices for Balancing Safety Investments in a Comprehensive Safety Program", abstract = "The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core federal-aid highway program with the purpose of achieving significant reductions in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. Although there are federal requirements that guide state HSIP efforts, there are several variations in how state departments of transportation (DOTs) identify, prioritize, and evaluate HSIP projects.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 592: Practices for Balancing Safety Investments in a Comprehensive Safety Program documents current state DOT practices for identifying, prioritizing, and evaluating HSIP projects.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26666/practices-for-balancing-safety-investments-in-a-comprehensive-safety-program", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Karen Dixon and Eun Sug Park and Marcus Brewer and Lingtao Wu and Srinivas Geedipally and Raghavan Srinivasan and Bo Lan and Charles Zegeer and Subasish Das and Emira Rista", title = "Guidelines for Treatments to Mitigate Opposite Direction Crashes", abstract = "From 2016 through 2018, there were more than 19,200 vehicles in the United States involved in opposite direction crashes that resulted in a fatality. Approximately 68 percent of these crashes occurred on two-lane roadways.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 995: Guidelines for Treatments to Mitigate Opposite Direction Crashes provides state departments of transportation (DOTs) practitioners and other transportation professionals with comprehensive guidelines for the selection of cost effective countermeasures to address opposite direction crashes.Supplemental to the report is a guidance document for selecting countermeasures.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26586/guidelines-for-treatments-to-mitigate-opposite-direction-crashes", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Huaguo Zhou and Qing Chang and Yukun Song and Mohammad Jalayer and Parisa Hosseini and Pei-Sung Lin and Cong Chen and Priscilla A. Tobias", title = "Wrong-Way Driving Solutions Handbook", abstract = "Wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes cause hundreds of fatalities and thousands of injuries annually in the United States. Although WWD crashes have been a concern since the advent of access-controlled divided roadways, the problem persists despite efforts to address it over time.\nNCHRP Research Report 1050: Wrong-Way Driving Solutions Handbook, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a handbook to help reduce the risk of WWD crashes.\nSupplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 357: Wrong-Way Driving Solutions, Policy, and Guidelines.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27199/wrong-way-driving-solutions-handbook", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Critical Issues in Transportation for 2024 and Beyond", abstract = "Critical Issues in Transportation for 2024 and Beyond calls for reassessing the role of transportation in addressing major societal challenges and the research that informs the choices that society will need to make in 2024 and coming years. This reassessment is driven by large-scale environmental, public health, and socioeconomic forces, including:\n\n a massive shift away from fossil fuels to clean energy that requires a complete turnover of hundreds of millions of motor vehicles by 2050 to help meet national decarbonization goals;\n threats to public transportation caused by COVID-19\u2019s enduring effects on commuting to work in urban areas;\n reversal of the long-term downward trend in annual traffic fatalities that have resulted in 10,000 more motor vehicle deaths than a decade ago; and\n society\u2019s grappling with the nation\u2019s history of racial discrimination and increasing disparities in wealth and incomes.\n\nFor the latest edition of Critical Issues in Transportation, the Transportation Research Board\u2019s Executive Committee chose to focus on five societal goals to address these and other dynamic forces and the challenges in accentuating transportation\u2019s role in achieving them.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27432/critical-issues-in-transportation-for-2024-and-beyond", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Luke E. Riexinger and Hampton C. Gabler and Nicholas Johnson and Kristofer Kusano and Stephanie Kusano and Allison Daniello and Robert Thomson", title = "Long-Term Roadside Crash Data Collection Program", abstract = "In 2019, there were more than 10,000 traffic-related fatalities due to single-vehicle run-off-road (ROR) crashes in the United States. Improved roadside crash data are crucial to reduce the severity and frequency of these crashes.\nNCHRP Research Report 1033: Long-Term Roadside Crash Data Collection Program, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents an expanded long-term crash data collection program for single-vehicle ROR crashes and conditions associated with them.\nSupplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 341: Roadside Database Coding Manual and a summary presentation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27128/long-term-roadside-crash-data-collection-program", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Jaime Sullivan and Karalyn Clouser and John Shaw", title = "Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap", abstract = "Although only 19% of the population live in rural areas, more than 70% of the U.S.\u2019s four million miles of roadways are in rural areas. The rural transportation system also includes numerous airports; railways; inland and coastal waterways; rural and intercity buses; and bicycle, pedestrian, and multi-use paths and trails. In addition, approximately 47% of the nation\u2019s motor vehicle fatalities occur in rural areas.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 988: Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap is designed to assist state departments of transportation and other public agencies and help inform policy\u2013driven investment decisions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26343/rural-transportation-issues-research-roadmap", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Risk Assessment of Proposed ARFF Standards", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web Only Document 12: Risk Assessment of Proposed ARFF Standards explores air carrier passenger aircraft accidents to help determine if changes to Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) standards would have reduced the number of fatalities or serious injuries that resulted from past accidents.\nThe report compares standards set forth by the Federal Aviation Administration in 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 139, Certification of Airports with the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization in Annex 14 and standards set forth by the National Fire Protection Association in making determinations of reducing the number of fatalities and serious injuries associated with each accident.\nIn the United States ARFF is only required at airports subject to 14 CFR Part 139 and may not exist at non-Part 139 airports including general aviation airports. Generally, airports serving scheduled air carrier passenger operations with more than nine passenger seats and unscheduled air carrier passenger service with more than 30 seats are required to have a Part 139 certificate.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21942/risk-assessment-of-proposed-arff-standards", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "John Gambatese and Joseph Louis and Chukwuma Nnaji", title = "Guide to Alternative Technologies for Preventing and Mitigating Vehicle Intrusions into Highway Work Zones", abstract = "Work zone intrusion technologies are designed to warn workers and drivers of potential intrusion, provide a barrier to prevent intrusion, detect and alert drivers and workers during intrusion, and\/or protect workers and drivers following intrusion.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1003: Guide to Alternative Technologies for Preventing and Mitigating Vehicle Intrusions into Highway Work Zones is designed to be applicable to the construction and maintenance work performed by all departments of transportation and to help reduce motorist and worker injuries and fatalities.Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 322: Alternative Technologies for Mitigating the Risk of Injuries and Deaths in Work Zones: Conduct of Research, a presentation, an implementation memo, a Decision Support System User Guide Coversheet, a Decision Support System User Guide, and a Decision Support System Tool.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26625/guide-to-alternative-technologies-for-preventing-and-mitigating-vehicle-intrusions-into-highway-work-zones", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Justin Owens and Tammy Trimble and Erem Memisyazici and Christopher LaRose and Neha Trivedi and Victoria Hallman and Sanda Pećina", title = "Communicating Safe Behavior Practices to Vulnerable Road Users", abstract = "Vulnerable road users (VRUs) include pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, all of whom lack the basic safety protections provided to vehicle occupants by automobiles. Fatality rates for VRUs remain unacceptably high. To meaningfully improve roadway safety for VRUs, it is important to understand the safety problems and domains with the highest potential for improvement based on the factors that contribute to crashes and the factors that can be mitigated by behavioral changes.BTSCRP Web-Only Document 6: Communicating Safe Behavior Practices to Vulnerable Road Users, from TRB's Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program, presents a toolkit to help traffic safety practitioners communicate safe behavior practices to VRUs.Supplemental to the document are dataset appendices that include Campaign Information, a Workshop Feedback Resolution Matrix, and a Sample Media Buy as well as a Toolkit Presentation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27327/communicating-safe-behavior-practices-to-vulnerable-road-users", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }