%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Whitacre, Paula Tarnapol %T Genetically Engineered Organisms, Wildlife, and Habitat: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-12085-2 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12218/genetically-engineered-organisms-wildlife-and-habitat-a-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12218/genetically-engineered-organisms-wildlife-and-habitat-a-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 84 %X Since the first commercial introduction of transgenic corn plants in 1995, biotechnology has provided enormous benefits to agricultural crop production. Research is underway to develop a much broader range of genetically engineered organisms (GEOs), including fish, trees, microbes, and insects, that could have the potential to transform fields such as aquaculture, biofuels production, bioremediation, biocontrol, and even the production of pharmaceuticals . However, biotechnology is not without risk and continues to be an extremely controversial topic. Chief among the concerns is the potential ecological effects of GEOs that interact with wildlife and habitats. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is charged with providing scientific advice to inform federal agencies that manage wildlife and their habitats. USGS has identified biotechnology as one of its major challenges for future research. Seeing an opportunity to initiate a dialogue between ecologists and developers of GEOs about this challenge, the USGS and the National Research Council (NRC) held a two-day workshop in November of 2007, to identify research activities with the greatest potential to provide the information needed to assess the ecological effects of GEOs on wildlife and habitats. The workshop, designed to approach the research questions from a habitat, rather than transgenic organism, perspective, is summarized in this book. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Forrest, Sherrie %E Lange, Mark %T An All-of-Government Approach to Increase Resilience for International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) Events: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-30606-5 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18814/an-all-of-government-approach-to-increase-resilience-for-international-chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear-and-explosive-cbrne-events %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18814/an-all-of-government-approach-to-increase-resilience-for-international-chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear-and-explosive-cbrne-events %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 78 %X Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and high-yield Explosive (CBRNE) events have the potential to destabilize governments, create conditions that exacerbate violence or promote terrorism. This can trigger global repercussions. These events can quickly overwhelm the infrastructure and capability of the responders, especially in countries that do not have the specialized resources for response like those available in the United States. When a CBRNE incident occurs in a partner nation or other foreign country, the U.S. is often called upon to provide assistance. Interoperability - the ability to work together - among U.S. agencies, foreign governments, and responders involved in the effort is key to an efficient response. The effectiveness of the U.S. response and approach to CBRNE events in partner nations depends on the capability of the U.S. government to provide timely and appropriate assistance and the resilience of the partner nation to a CBRNE event. An All-of-Government Approach to Increase Resilience for International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) Events is the summary of a workshop convened in June 2013 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Research Council to discuss ways to strengthen the U.S. ability to prepare for and respond to CBRNE events that occur in U.S. partner nations. The workshop brought together diverse experts and stakeholders to identify capabilities that are necessary for responding to an international CBRNE event; discuss best practices and resources needed for improved interoperability of the U.S. and partner nation during response to a CBRNE event; and identify key questions that need to be addressed in follow up activities focused on improving U.S. CBRNE response in partner nations. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wender, Ben A. %E Holmes, K. John %E Zeitler, Elizabeth %T Making Climate Assessments Work: Learning from California and Other Subnational Climate Assessments: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-48715-3 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25324/making-climate-assessments-work-learning-from-california-and-other-subnational %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25324/making-climate-assessments-work-learning-from-california-and-other-subnational %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 86 %X Climate assessment activities are increasingly driven by subnational organizations—city, county, and state governments; utilities and private companies; and stakeholder groups and engaged publics—trying to better serve their constituents, customers, and members by understanding and preparing for how climate change will impact them locally. Whether the threats are drought and wildfires, storm surge and sea level rise, or heat waves and urban heat islands, the warming climate is affecting people and communities across the country. To explore the growing role of subnational climate assessments and action, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the 2-day workshop on August 14-15, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Mantus, Ellen %T Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment: Preparing for Paradigm Change: A Symposium Summary %@ 978-0-309-15422-2 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12913/toxicity-pathway-based-risk-assessment-preparing-for-paradigm-change-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12913/toxicity-pathway-based-risk-assessment-preparing-for-paradigm-change-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 134 %X In 2007, the National Research Council envisioned a new paradigm in which biologically important perturbations in key toxicity pathways would be evaluated with new methods in molecular biology, bioinformatics, computational toxicology, and a comprehensive array of in vitro tests based primarily on human biology. Although some considered the vision too optimistic with respect to the promise of the new science, no one can deny that a revolution in toxicity testing is under way. New approaches are being developed, and data are being generated. As a result, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expects a large influx of data that will need to be evaluated. EPA also is faced with tens of thousands of chemicals on which toxicity information is incomplete and emerging chemicals and substances that will need risk assessment and possible regulation. Therefore, the agency asked the National Research Council to convene a symposium to stimulate discussion on the application of the new approaches and data in risk assessment. The symposium was held on May 11-13, 2009, in Washington, DC, and included presentations and discussion sessions on pathway-based approaches for hazard identification, applications of new approaches to mode-of-action analyses, the challenges to and opportunities for risk assessment in the changing paradigm, and future directions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Understanding Multiple Environmental Stresses: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-10331-2 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11748/understanding-multiple-environmental-stresses-report-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11748/understanding-multiple-environmental-stresses-report-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 154 %X The research of the last decade has demonstrated that ecosystems and human systems are influenced by multiple factors, including climate, land use, and the by-products of resource use. Understanding the net impact of a suite of simultaneously occurring environmental changes is essential for developing effective response strategies. Using case studies on drought and a wide range of atmosphere-ecosystem interactions, a workshop was held in September 2005 to gather different perspectives on multiple stress scenarios. The overarching lesson of the workshop is that society will require new and improved strategies for coping with multiple stresses and their impacts on natural socioeconomic systems. Improved communication among stakeholders; increased observations (especially at regional scales); improved model and information systems; and increased infrastructure to provide better environmental monitoring, vulnerability assessment, and response analysis are all important parts of moving toward better understanding of and response to situations involving multiple stresses. During the workshop, seven near-term opportunities for research and infrastructure that could help advance understanding of multiple stresses were also identified. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management: Proceedings of a Symposium May 24-25, 1990 Santa Fe, New Mexico %@ 978-0-309-04535-3 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1832/colorado-river-ecology-and-dam-management-proceedings-of-a-symposium %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1832/colorado-river-ecology-and-dam-management-proceedings-of-a-symposium %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 288 %X This book contains 11 papers that review the extant information about the Colorado River from an ecosystem perspective and serve as the basis for discussion of the use of ecosystem/earth science information for river management and dam operations. It also contains a synopsis of the committee's findings and recommendations to the Bureau of Reclamation as the agency seeks to change its direction to the management of natural resources. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lemon, Stanley M. %E Sparling, P. Frederick %E Hamburg, Margaret A. %E Relman, David A. %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Mack, Alison %T Vector-Borne Diseases: Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10897-3 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11950/vector-borne-diseases-understanding-the-environmental-human-health-and-ecological %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11950/vector-borne-diseases-understanding-the-environmental-human-health-and-ecological %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 350 %X Vector-borne infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and plague, cause a significant fraction of the global infectious disease burden; indeed, nearly half of the world's population is infected with at least one type of vector-borne pathogen (CIESIN, 2007; WHO, 2004a). Vector-borne plant and animal diseases, including several newly recognized pathogens, reduce agricultural productivity and disrupt ecosystems throughout the world. These diseases profoundly restrict socioeconomic status and development in countries with the highest rates of infection, many of which are located in the tropics and subtropics. Although this workshop summary provides an account of the individual presentations, it also reflects an important aspect of the Forum philosophy. The workshop functions as a dialogue among representatives from different sectors and allows them to present their beliefs about which areas may merit further attention. These proceedings summarize only the statements of participants in the workshop and are not intended to be an exhaustive exploration of the subject matter or a representation of consensus evaluation. Vector-Borne Diseases : Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections, Workshop Summary (Forum on Microbial Threats) summarizes this workshop.