TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jens-Uwe Kuhn A2 - Nizam Arain A2 - Justin Bell A2 - Brianna Davis A2 - Helen Kaiser A2 - Devin Madden A2 - Guilene Prepetit A2 - Kaaren Williamsen TI - Strategies for Developing, Implementing, and Sustaining Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Programs for Faculty, Staff, and Graduate Students DO - 10.17226/27266 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27266/strategies-for-developing-implementing-and-sustaining-sexual-harassment-bystander-intervention-programs-for-faculty-staff-and-graduate-students PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - To address the persistent problem of sexual harassment within higher education, research suggests that environments need to convey that sexual harassment is not a norm and actively discourage it when it does occur. One approach that researchers have identified as helping to create such environments is bystander intervention programs, which prepare and equip individuals to interrupt and intervene when harassing behavior occurs. This paper explores bystander intervention training approaches that are designed for the complex work environments within higher education, and considers how to apply the principles of bystander intervention to the experiences and environments of faculty, staff, and graduate students., Institutions within the Action Collaborative were asked a standard set of questions to learn about their experiences with commitment and buy-in from leadership, details on how the trainings were developed and what audience it was targeted to, and how the training programs were evaluated. The paper summarizes responses from seven of these institutions and ends with a call for additional research and action. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Prevention Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to understand how institutions are addressing the gap in bystander intervention training for faculty, staff, and graduate students. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Arielle L. Baker A2 - Jeena M. Thomas A2 - Jennifer E. Saunders TI - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26279 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Rising awareness of and increased attention to sexual harassment has resulted in momentum to implement sexual harassment prevention efforts in higher education institutions. Work on preventing sexual harassment is an area that has recently garnered a lot of attention, especially around education and programs that go beyond the standard anti-sexual harassment trainings often used to comply with legal requirements. On April 20-21, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Developing Evaluation Metrics for Sexual Harassment Prevention Efforts. The workshop explored approaches and strategies for evaluating and measuring the effectiveness of sexual harassment interventions being implemented at higher education institutions and research and training sites, in order to assist institutions in transforming promising ideas into evidence-based best practices. Workshop participants also addressed methods, metrics, and measures that could be used to evaluate sexual harassment prevention efforts that lead to change in the organizational climate and culture and/or a change in behavior among community members. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Mariam Lam A2 - Ashley Falcon A2 - Nicole Merhill A2 - Kaitlin Spear TI - Approaches to the Evaluation of Sexual Harassment Prevention and Response Efforts DO - 10.17226/27267 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27267/approaches-to-the-evaluation-of-sexual-harassment-prevention-and-response-efforts PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Evaluation, an important component of all research, is critical to integrate into interventions addressing sexual harassment, because the targets of such harassment can suffer serious consequences, including physical and emotional harm, lost educational opportunities, and negative effects on their career. Not only are the consequences potentially severe, but the problem is pervasive across all levels of academia. Studies show that 20–50 percent of undergraduate and graduate students experience sexual harassment from faculty or staff, as well as nearly 50 percent of women faculty and staff in academia. Moreover, despite efforts in recent decades to prevent and respond effectively to sexual harassment, it remains a significant issue with no clear decline in incidence rates. This paper offers insight into selecting the appropriate methods for evaluating interventions based on evidence, case studies, and the perspectives and experiences of the authors. The goal of the paper is to provide interested parties in higher education with an introduction to methods and approaches to evaluating interventions designed to prevent and respond to sexual harassment in their institutions. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Evaluation Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to explore the challenges and research areas related to the evaluation of a wide range of efforts to address sexual harassment, which they present in this document. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Operationalizing Sustainable Development to Benefit People and the Planet SN - DO - 10.17226/26654 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26654/operationalizing-sustainable-development-to-benefit-people-and-the-planet PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The COVID-19 pandemic and overlapping global crises, including geopolitical conflict and climate change, have made achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) more challenging. The scientific community incre-singly recognizes the need to accelerate the adoption of evidence-based, scientifically-sound policies and actions to operationalize sustainable development. This report identifies key research priorities and possible actionable steps to operationalize sustainable development at the global and local levels. Although the scope of the challenges and opportunities are global with many research investigations and actions needed, Operationalizing Sustainable Development to Benefit People and the Planet presents research priorities and possible actionable steps for consideration by U.S. stakeholders. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Paula A. Johnson A2 - Sheila E. Widnall A2 - Frazier F. Benya TI - Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine SN - DO - 10.17226/24994 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24994/sexual-harassment-of-women-climate-culture-and-consequences-in-academic PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Glenn Schweitzer A2 - Flannery Wasson TI - Developments in Violent Extremism in the Middle East and Beyond: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25518 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25518/developments-in-violent-extremism-in-the-middle-east-and-beyond PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Twenty-five scientists and analysts from the United States, Russia, France, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) convened at a workshop at New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) on April 1-3, 2019 to discuss recent developments and trends in violent extremism in a number of hot spots of the world. The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies), in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), the French National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), and NYUAD organized the workshop. This gathering was the fourth workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academies and RAS since 2015 that has addressed the challenge of coping with violent extremism. Held in the immediate aftermath of the terrorist attack at the Al Noor Mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand, the workshop sent a strong message to the international community that individuals and groups with extremist views and access to weapons continue to be both an immediate and a long-term threat in many countries, even as ISIS and al-Qaeda are losing control over large areas of land in the Middle East. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Tricia Serio A2 - Ashley Blamey A2 - Laura Rugless A2 - Vickie R. Sides A2 - Melissa Sortman A2 - Hima Vatti A2 - Quinn Williams A2 - Kaitlin Spear TI - Exploring Policies to Prevent "Passing the Harasser" in Higher Education DO - 10.17226/27265 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27265/exploring-policies-to-prevent-passing-the-harasser-in-higher-education PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - One troubling aspect of sexual harassment by faculty is the ability of these individuals to quietly move on to new academic positions at other institutions of higher education (IHEs) without the disclosure of their behavior. This practice is known as passing the harasser, and is exacerbated by a general lack of transparency about findings of sexual harassment in higher education. The ramifications of passing the harasser include not only failing to hold harassers accountable for their actions but also reinforcing an institutional climate in which sexual harassment is perceived as tolerated. The aim of this paper is to provide academic institutions with an examination of the landscape of practices and the considerations for implementing procedures to prevent passing the harasser, as well as examples of how some colleges and universities are addressing specific challenges, so that administrative leadership has the information they need to create policies tailored to their institution’s needs. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Response Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to explore the challenges and potential resolutions related to policies and practices intended to prevent passing the harasser (e.g., lack of transparency in the adjudication process) as discussed in the 2018 National Academies report Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - The Role of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships in the Future of USAID SN - DO - 10.17226/24617 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24617/the-role-of-science-technology-innovation-and-partnerships-in-the-future-of-usaid PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The United States has long recognized that the nation's prosperity and security depend on how we address challenges of disasters, poverty, famine, and disease around the world. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has played a vital role in promoting U.S. national and international interests by advancing strategies for employing science, technology, and innovation to respond to global challenges. The focus by USAID on science, technology, and innovation is critical to improve development outcomes. At the core of this progress is the engagement of science institutions and other innovative enterprises and their commitment to work in partnership with USAID to research, test, and scale solutions. The Role of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships in the Future of USAID provides an assessment and advice on the current and future role for science, technology, and innovation in assistance programs at USAID and on the role of partnerships in the public and private sectors to expand impact. This report examines challenges and opportunities for USAID in expanding the utilization of science, technology, and innovation in development assistance; assesses how USAID has deployed science, technology, and innovation; and recommends priority areas for improvement going forward in partnership with others. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sherrie Forrest TI - The State of Resilience: A Leadership Forum and Community Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25054 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25054/the-state-of-resilience-a-leadership-forum-and-community-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Over the past decade, resilience has gained significant traction across the nation and innovative programs are showing exciting progress in building resilient communities. For communities to be prepared for future extreme weather and climate events, as well as the chronic daily stressors, the momentum of implementing and taking action to build community resilience should continue to be fostered and expanded. Building on its many efforts dedicated to increasing and enhancing resilience, the Resilient America Roundtable hosted the State of Resilience Leadership Forum and Community Workshop on June 28 and 29, 2016. This activity brought together diverse decision makers, experts, practitioners, and community stakeholders, including representatives from academia, government, the private sector, foundations, and nonprofit organizations, to consider the results of years of investment, experimentation, and research in building resilience, take stock of these many initiatives and efforts, and share their experiences in building more resilient communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Rita Colwell A2 - Ashley Bear A2 - Alex Helman TI - Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Opening Doors SN - DO - 10.17226/25585 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25585/promising-practices-for-addressing-the-underrepresentation-of-women-in-science-engineering-and-medicine PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Careers in science, engineering, and medicine offer opportunities to advance knowledge, contribute to the well-being of communities, and support the security, prosperity, and health of the United States. But many women do not pursue or persist in these careers, or advance to leadership positions - not because they lack the talent or aspirations, but because they face barriers, including: implicit and explicit bias; sexual harassment; unequal access to funding and resources; pay inequity; higher teaching and advising loads; and fewer speaking invitations, among others. There are consequences from this underrepresentation of women for the nation as well: a labor shortage in many science, engineering, and medical professions that cannot be filled unless institutions and organizations recruit from a broad and diverse talent pool; lost opportunities for innovation and economic gain; and lost talent as a result of discrimination, unconscious bias, and sexual harassment. Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine reviews and synthesizes existing research on policies, practices, programs, and other interventions for improving the recruitment, retention, and sustained advancement into leadership roles of women in these disciplines. This report makes actionable recommendations to leverage change and drive swift, coordinated improvements to the systems of education, research, and employment in order to improve both the representation and leadership of women. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative SN - DO - 10.17226/13457 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13457/disaster-resilience-a-national-imperative PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience—the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Building and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program SN - DO - 10.17226/25383 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25383/building-and-measuring-community-resilience-actions-for-communities-and-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The frequency and severity of disasters over the last few decades have presented unprecedented challenges for communities across the United States. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina exposed the complexity and breadth of a deadly combination of existing community stressors, aging infrastructure, and a powerful natural hazard. In many ways, the devastation of Hurricane Katrina was a turning point for understanding and managing disasters, as well as related plan making and policy formulation. It brought the phrase "community resilience" into the lexicon of disaster management. Building and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program summarizes the existing portfolio of relevant or related resilience measurement efforts and notes gaps and challenges associated with them. It describes how some communities build and measure resilience and offers four key actions that communities could take to build and measure their resilience in order to address gaps identified in current community resilience measurement efforts. This report also provides recommendations to the Gulf Research Program to build and measure resilience in the Gulf of Mexico region. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies: Proceedings of a Russian-American Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10879 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10879/conflict-and-reconstruction-in-multiethnic-societies-proceedings-of-a-russian PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - This report is the proceedings of a December 2001 international symposium in Washington, DC organized by the National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences. The symposium addressed (1) characteristics of peaceful management of tensions in multiethnic societies, particularly in Russia; (2) policies that have contributed to violence in such societies; (3) steps toward reconciliation; and (4) post-conflict reconstruction. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Rita Colwell A2 - Ashley Bear A2 - Alex Helman TI - Pratiques prometteuses pour remédier à la sous-représentation des femmes dans les domaines des sciences, de l'ingénierie et de la médecine: Ouvrir les portes DO - 10.17226/27052 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27052/pratiques-prometteuses-pour-remdier-la-sous-reprsentation-des-femmes-dans-les-domaines-des-sciences-de-lingnierie-et-de-la-mdecine PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alan Leshner A2 - Layne Scherer TI - Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/25038 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25038/graduate-stem-education-for-the-21st-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The U.S. system of graduate education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has served the nation and its science and engineering enterprise extremely well. Over the course of their education, graduate students become involved in advancing the frontiers of discovery, as well as in making significant contributions to the growth of the U.S. economy, its national security, and the health and well-being of its people. However, continuous, dramatic innovations in research methods and technologies, changes in the nature and availability of work, shifts in demographics, and expansions in the scope of occupations needing STEM expertise raise questions about how well the current STEM graduate education system is meeting the full array of 21st century needs. Indeed, recent surveys of employers and graduates and studies of graduate education suggest that many graduate programs do not adequately prepare students to translate their knowledge into impact in multiple careers. Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century examines the current state of U.S. graduate STEM education. This report explores how the system might best respond to ongoing developments in the conduct of research on evidence-based teaching practices and in the needs and interests of its students and the broader society it seeks to serve. This will be an essential resource for the primary stakeholders in the U.S. STEM enterprise, including federal and state policymakers, public and private funders, institutions of higher education, their administrators and faculty, leaders in business and industry, and the students the system is intended to educate. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Paula A. Johnson A2 - Sheila E. Widnall A2 - Frazier F. Benya TI - Harcèlement sexuel des femmes: Climat, culture et conséquences dans les filières universitaires de sciences, d'ingénierie et de médecine DO - 10.17226/26081 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26081/harclement-sexuel-des-femmes-climat-culture-et-consquences-dans-les PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Angela Byars-Winston A2 - Maria Lund Dahlberg TI - The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM SN - DO - 10.17226/25568 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25568/the-science-of-effective-mentorship-in-stemm PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Mentorship is a catalyst capable of unleashing one's potential for discovery, curiosity, and participation in STEMM and subsequently improving the training environment in which that STEMM potential is fostered. Mentoring relationships provide developmental spaces in which students' STEMM skills are honed and pathways into STEMM fields can be discovered. Because mentorship can be so influential in shaping the future STEMM workforce, its occurrence should not be left to chance or idiosyncratic implementation. There is a gap between what we know about effective mentoring and how it is practiced in higher education. The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM studies mentoring programs and practices at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It explores the importance of mentorship, the science of mentoring relationships, mentorship of underrepresented students in STEMM, mentorship structures and behaviors, and institutional cultures that support mentorship. This report and its complementary interactive guide present insights on effective programs and practices that can be adopted and adapted by institutions, departments, and individual faculty members. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Strengthening Equitable Community Resilience: Criteria and Guiding Principles for the Gulf Research Program's Enhancing Community Resilience (EnCoRe) Initiative SN - DO - 10.17226/26880 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26880/strengthening-equitable-community-resilience-criteria-and-guiding-principles-for-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has developed a program to strengthen community resilience, the Enhancing Community Resilience (EnCoRe) initiative. EnCoRe aims to reduce inequities in health and community resilience; advance research and practice in health and community resilience; and build the capacity of communities for addressing the impacts of climate change and disasters on at-risk populations. To achieve these goals, EnCoRe will support long-term, multiyear community engagement projects that partner directly with select communities across the Gulf region and Alaska. This report develops findings and recommendations intended to help guide EnCoRe in identifying, selecting, and engaging with communities as it moves forward with the initiative. Strengthening Equitable Community Resilience examines past and current community engagement efforts and other relevant materials, particularly those that have included communities in the Gulf region and Alaska, for the purpose of identifying guiding principles and lessons learned and then develops a set of guiding principles to identify criteria for selecting the participating communities in the EnCoRe program. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Meeting the Nation's Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists SN - DO - 10.17226/4750 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4750/meeting-the-nations-needs-for-biomedical-and-behavioral-scientists PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - This book assesses the nation's future needs for biomedical and behavioral scientists and the role the National Research Service Awards (NRSA) program can play in meeting those needs. The year 1994 marks the twentieth anniversary of the National Research Act of 1974 (PL 93-348), which established the NRSA program. In its twenty years of operation, the NRSA program has made it possible for many thousands of talented individuals in the basic biomedical, behavioral, and clinical sciences to sharpen their research skills and to apply those skills to topics of special concern to the nation, such as aging, hypertension, the genetic basis of disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, environmental toxicology, nutrition and health, and substance abuse. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence: Third Edition SN - DO - 10.17226/13163 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13163/reference-manual-on-scientific-evidence-third-edition PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, Third Edition, assists judges in managing cases involving complex scientific and technical evidence by describing the basic tenets of key scientific fields from which legal evidence is typically derived and by providing examples of cases in which that evidence has been used. First published in 1994 by the Federal Judicial Center, the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence has been relied upon in the legal and academic communities and is often cited by various courts and others. Judges faced with disputes over the admissibility of scientific and technical evidence refer to the manual to help them better understand and evaluate the relevance, reliability and usefulness of the evidence being proffered. The manual is not intended to tell judges what is good science and what is not. Instead, it serves to help judges identify issues on which experts are likely to differ and to guide the inquiry of the court in seeking an informed resolution of the conflict. The core of the manual consists of a series of chapters (reference guides) on various scientific topics, each authored by an expert in that field. The topics have been chosen by an oversight committee because of their complexity and frequency in litigation. Each chapter is intended to provide a general overview of the topic in lay terms, identifying issues that will be useful to judges and others in the legal profession. They are written for a non-technical audience and are not intended as exhaustive presentations of the topic. Rather, the chapters seek to provide judges with the basic information in an area of science, to allow them to have an informed conversation with the experts and attorneys. ER -