TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Improving Aircraft Safety SN - DO - 10.17226/557 PY - 1980 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/557/improving-aircraft-safety PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Technological Options for User-Authorized Handguns: A Technology-Readiness Assessment SN - DO - 10.17226/11394 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11394/technological-options-for-user-authorized-handguns-a-technology-readiness-assessment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Misuse of handguns is a significant factor in deaths, morbidity, and crime in the United States. One approach to reducing certain types of handgun misuse is to create a user-authorized handgun (UAHG), a firearm that can be operated only by an authorized user(s). Technological Options for User-Authorized Handguns clarifies the technical challenges of developing a reliable UAHG. This report determines the requirements and specifications of UAHGs for those concerned with public and/or personal safety, and identifies technologies that could satisfy these needs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Technology for a Quieter America SN - DO - 10.17226/12928 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12928/technology-for-a-quieter-america PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Exposure to noise at home, at work, while traveling, and during leisure activities is a fact of life for all Americans. At times noise can be loud enough to damage hearing, and at lower levels it can disrupt normal living, affect sleep patterns, affect our ability to concentrate at work, interfere with outdoor recreational activities, and, in some cases, interfere with communications and even cause accidents. Clearly, exposure to excessive noise can affect our quality of life. As the population of the United States and, indeed, the world increases and developing countries become more industrialized, problems of noise are likely to become more pervasive and lower the quality of life for everyone. Efforts to manage noise exposures, to design quieter buildings, products, equipment, and transportation vehicles, and to provide a regulatory environment that facilitates adequate, cost-effective, sustainable noise controls require our immediate attention. Technology for a Quieter America looks at the most commonly identified sources of noise, how they are characterized, and efforts that have been made to reduce noise emissions and experiences. The book also reviews the standards and regulations that govern noise levels and the federal, state, and local agencies that regulate noise for the benefit, safety, and wellness of society at large. In addition, it presents the cost-benefit trade-offs between efforts to mitigate noise and the improvements they achieve, information sources available to the public on the dimensions of noise problems and their mitigation, and the need to educate professionals who can deal with these issues. Noise emissions are an issue in industry, in communities, in buildings, and during leisure activities. As such, Technology for a Quieter America will appeal to a wide range of stakeholders: the engineering community; the public; government at the federal, state, and local levels; private industry; labor unions; and nonprofit organizations. Implementation of the recommendations in Technology for a Quieter America will result in reduction of the noise levels to which Americans are exposed and will improve the ability of American industry to compete in world markets paying increasing attention to the noise emissions of products. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Steve Olson TI - Autonomy on Land and Sea and in the Air and Space: Proceedings of a Forum SN - DO - 10.17226/25168 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25168/autonomy-on-land-and-sea-and-in-the-air-and-space PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Autonomy is multidisciplinary, multicultural, and global in its development and applications. Autonomous vehicles rely on communications, artificial intelligence, sensors, virtual and enhanced reality, big data, security, and many other technologies. Each year the annual meeting of the National Academy of Engineering highlights an engineering theme that is quickly developing in the world. The theme of the 2017 meeting was autonomy on land and sea and in the air and space. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the meeting. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Steve Olson TI - Engineering for Pandemics: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery: Proceedings of a Forum SN - DO - 10.17226/26093 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26093/engineering-for-pandemics-preparedness-response-and-recovery-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The 2020 Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Engineering took place under the most unusual circumstances in the Academy's 56-year history. In January 2020 the first few cases of a respiratory illness caused by a newly identified coronavirus were reported in the United States. By March, COVID-19 had become a global pandemic. As soon as the first few cases were reported, engineers began working wiith scientists, medical professionals, and others in the public and private sector to address needs generated by the pandemic. They brought automation, process control, and artificial intelligence to the production of protective equipment, diagnostics, and therapeutics. They established robust supply chains of critical materials. They strengthened the communication technologies and platforms that allowed people to telework and keep in touch with friends and family members. The 2020 annual meeting was held virtually. The two main plenary presentations, delivered by David Walt, the Hansjörg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard Medical School, and Pam Cheng, executive vice president of global operations and information technology for AstraZeneca, focused on the critical role of engineers in responding to the epidemic. Similarly, the annual forum, held the next day and organized by NAE executive officer Al Romig, Jr., and a distinguished organizing committee, was entitled "Engineering for Pandemics: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery". The plenary and forum presentations, which are summarized in this volume, abundantly demonstrate the essential functions that engineers have performed in responding to the virus. They also reveal the lessons derived from engineering that must be absorbed to prepare effectively for future pandemics and for other disasters, expected and unexpected, that will certainly occur in the future. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - James R. Phimister A2 - Vicki M. Bier A2 - Howard C. Kunreuther TI - Accident Precursor Analysis and Management: Reducing Technological Risk Through Diligence SN - DO - 10.17226/11061 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11061/accident-precursor-analysis-and-management-reducing-technological-risk-through-diligence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - In the aftermath of catastrophes, it is common to find prior indicators, missed signals, and dismissed alerts that, had they been recognized and appropriately managed before the event, could have resulted in the undesired event being averted. These indicators are typically called "precursors." Accident Precursor Analysis and Management: Reducing Technological Risk Through Diligence documents various industrial and academic approaches to detecting, analyzing, and benefiting from accident precursors and examines public-sector and private-sector roles in the collection and use of precursor information. The book includes the analysis, findings and recommendations of the authoring NAE committee as well as eleven individually authored background papers on the opportunity of precursor analysis and management, risk assessment, risk management, and linking risk assessment and management. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Hazards: Technology and Fairness SN - DO - 10.17226/650 PY - 1986 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/650/hazards-technology-and-fairness PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - "In the burgeoning literature on technological hazards, this volume is one of the best," states Choice in a three-part approach, it addresses the moral, scientific, social, and commercial questions inherent in hazards management. Part I discusses how best to regulate hazards arising from chronic, low-level exposures and from low-probability events when science is unable to assign causes or estimate consequences of such hazards; Part II examines fairness in the distribution of risks and benefits of potentially hazardous technologies; and Part III presents practical lessons and cautions about managing hazardous technologies. Together, the three sections put hazard management into perspective, providing a broad spectrum of views and information. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Making a World of Difference: Engineering Ideas into Reality SN - DO - 10.17226/18966 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18966/making-a-world-of-difference-engineering-ideas-into-reality PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Fifty years ago, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) was founded by the stroke of a pen when the National Academy of Sciences Council approved the NAE's articles of organization. Making a World of Difference commemorates the NAE anniversary with a collection of essays that highlight the prodigious changes in people's lives that have been created by engineering over the past half century and consider how the future will be similarly shaped. Over the past 50 years, engineering has transformed our lives literally every day, and it will continue to do so going forward, utilizing new capabilities, creating new applications, and providing ever-expanding services to people. The essays of Making a World of Difference discuss the seamless integration of engineering into both our society and our daily lives, and present a vision of what engineering may deliver in the next half century. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Memorial Tributes: Volume 1 SN - DO - 10.17226/578 PY - 1979 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/578/memorial-tributes-volume-1 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biography and Autobiography ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century SN - DO - 10.17226/10999 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10999/the-engineer-of-2020-visions-of-engineering-in-the-new PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - To enhance the nation's economic productivity and improve the quality of life worldwide, engineering education in the United States must anticipate and adapt to the dramatic changes of engineering practice. The Engineer of 2020 urges the engineering profession to recognize what engineers can build for the future through a wide range of leadership roles in industry, government, and academia--not just through technical jobs. Engineering schools should attract the best and brightest students and be open to new teaching and training approaches. With the appropriate education and training, the engineer of the future will be called upon to become a leader not only in business but also in nonprofit and government sectors. The book finds that the next several decades will offer more opportunities for engineers, with exciting possibilities expected from nanotechnology, information technology, and bioengineering. Other engineering applications, such as transgenic food, technologies that affect personal privacy, and nuclear technologies, raise complex social and ethical challenges. Future engineers must be prepared to help the public consider and resolve these dilemmas along with challenges that will arise from new global competition, requiring thoughtful and concerted action if engineering in the United States is to retain its vibrancy and strength. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1997 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/6041 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6041/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Space may have been called the final frontier, but there are new frontiers to discover every day, and engineers are the ones exploring them. Through groundbreaking research and new technologies, engineers are able to go beyond traditional boundaries to do things that would have been all but impossible just a few years ago. This book, the most recent in a series of publications, describes new and emerging technologies and explains how they were developed and the benefits they will bring. It also offers highlights of the pioneering research and technological work being done by some of the country's emerging leaders in engineering. Topics include biomechanics, sensors and control for manufacturing processes, safety and security issues, decisionmaking tools for design and manufacturing, and intelligent transportation systems. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Janet R. Hunziker A2 - Trevor O. Jones TI - Product Liability and Innovation: Managing Risk in an Uncertain Environment SN - DO - 10.17226/4768 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4768/product-liability-and-innovation-managing-risk-in-an-uncertain-environment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Product liability is a contentious issue. Proponents argue that American tort law promotes product safety. Manufacturers contend that lawsuits chill new product development. Product Liability and Innovation provides an overview and an engineering perspective on the product liability system. The volume offers studies of selected industries, exploring the effect of product liability on corporate product development decisions and on the creative opportunities and day-to-day work of engineers. The volume addresses the potential liability of the parts or materials supplier and discusses the impact of liability on the availability of insurance. It looks at "junk science" in the courtroom and analyzes opportunities to incorporate into product design what we know about human behavior and risk. The book also looks at current efforts at tort reform and compares U.S. injury claims handling with that of other countries. This volume will be important to policymakers, industrialists, attorneys, product engineers, and individuals concerned about the impact of product liability on the industrial future. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2002 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/10617 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10617/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This collection includes summaries of presentations given at the NAE Symposium in September 2002. Topics include chemical and molecular engineering in the 21st century, human factors engineering, the future of nuclear energy, and engineering challenges for quantum information technology. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council A2 - Greg Pearson A2 - A. Thomas Young TI - Technically Speaking: Why All Americans Need to Know More About Technology SN - DO - 10.17226/10250 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10250/technically-speaking-why-all-americans-need-to-know-more-about PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Cell phones . . . airbags . . . genetically modified food . . . the Internet. These are all emblems of modern life. You might ask what we would do without them. But an even more interesting question might be what would we do if we had to actually explain how they worked? The United States is riding a whirlwind of technological change. To be sure, there have been periods, such as the late 1800s, when new inventions appeared in society at a comparable rate. But the pace of change today, and its social, economic, and other impacts, are as significant and far reaching as at any other time in history. And it seems that the faster we embrace new technologies, the less we’re able to understand them. What is the long-term effect of this galloping technological revolution? In today’s new world, it is nothing less than a matter of responsible citizenship to grasp the nature and implications of technology. Technically Speaking provides a blueprint for bringing us all up to speed on the role of technology in our society, including understanding such distinctions as technology versus science and technological literacy versus technical competence. It clearly and decisively explains what it means to be a technologically-literate citizen. The book goes on to explore the context of technological literacy—the social, historical, political, and educational environments. This readable overview highlights specific issues of concern: the state of technological studies in K-12 schools, the reach of the Internet into our homes and lives, and the crucial role of technology in today’s economy and workforce. Three case studies of current issues—car airbags, genetically modified foods, and the California energy crisis—illustrate why ordinary citizens need to understand technology to make responsible decisions. This fascinating book from the National Academy of Engineering is enjoyable to read and filled with contemporary examples. It will be important to anyone interested in understanding how the world around them works. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Capitalizing on Investments in Science and Technology SN - DO - 10.17226/6442 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6442/capitalizing-on-investments-in-science-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Industry and Labor AB - Although the United States is currently capitalizing on its investment in science and technology effectively, there remains much room for improvement. This volume identifies the ingredients for success in capitalizing on such investments to produce national benefits, assesses current U.S. performance, and identifies future challenges. The book cites specific examples and examines several cross-cutting issues. It explores the possibility that the national research portfolio is losing diversity as a result of less long-term research in critical fields such as networking and materials. It also examines the implications of imbalances in the supply of and demand for science and engineering talent in emerging interdisciplinary fields such as bioinformatics. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering From the 1998 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/6411 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6411/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Lance A. Davis A2 - Greg Pearson TI - Owner-Authorized Handguns: A Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/10828 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10828/owner-authorized-handguns-a-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The feasibility and potential impact of so-called smart handguns has generated considerable public interest and debate. This report summarizes a June 2002 workshop at the National Academy of Engineering that examined three related issues: the state of technology for owner-authorized handguns; the role of product liability in the development and marketing of such firearms; and the potential impact of these smart guns on health and crime. Smart-gun technology has the potential to prevent unintended or undesirable uses of handguns, such as accidental shootings; the shooting of police officers by assailants using the officers' own weapons; suicides; homicides with stolen handguns; and other gun-related crimes. However, information presented at the workshop suggests that considerably more research is needed to bring a reliable and commercially viable product to the marketplace. The report also notes that the impact of smart-guns will be influenced by legal issues, human behavior, economic conditions, and other factors. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Engineering and the Advancement of Human Welfare: 10 Outstanding Achievements 1964-1989 DO - 10.17226/1469 PY - 1989 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1469/engineering-and-the-advancement-of-human-welfare-10-outstanding-achievements PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This popularly written booklet contains nontechnical descriptions of 10 major engineering achievements selected by the National Academy of Engineering on the occasion of its 25th anniversary, December 5, 1989. The achievements are the moon landing, application satellites, the microprocessor, computer-aided design and manufacturing, computer-assisted tomography, advanced composite materials, the jumbo jet, lasers, fiber-optic communication, and genetically engineered products. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council TI - Best Available and Safest Technologies for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations: Options for Implementation SN - DO - 10.17226/18545 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18545/best-available-and-safest-technologies-for-offshore-oil-and-gas-operations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - Best Available and Safest Technologies for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations: Options for Implementation explores a range of options for improving the implementation of the U.S. Department of the Interior's congressional mandate to require the use of best available and safety technologies in offshore oil and gas operations. In the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, Congress directs the Secretary of the Interior to regulate oil and gas operations in federal waters. The act mandates that the Secretary "shall require, on all new drilling and production operations and, wherever practicable, on existing operations, the use of the best available and safest technologies which the Secretary determines to be economically feasible, wherever failure of equipment would have a significant effect on safety, health, or the environment, except where the Secretary determines that the incremental benefits are clearly insufficient to justify the incremental costs of utilizing such technologies." This report, which was requested by Department of the Interior's Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), also reviews options and issues that BSEE is already considering to improve implementation of the best available and safest technologies requirement. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kenan Patrick Jarboe A2 - Steve Olson TI - Adaptability of the US Engineering and Technical Workforce: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25016 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25016/adaptability-of-the-us-engineering-and-technical-workforce-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Late last year, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) convened a workshop on Preparing the Engineering and Technical Workforce for Adaptability and Resilience to Change. The workshop springs from the earlier NAE report Making Value for America which described the ongoing transformation in the way in which products and services are conceived, designed, made, and distributed. The workshop focused on the challenges facing the workforce in light of these dramatic changes in the production process, especially the need to constantly renew and learn new skills. The workshop served to increase stakeholders' understanding of both the importance of workforce adaptability and the definition and characteristics of adaptability. It also provided an opportunity to share known best practices for fostering adaptability, including identification of barriers and multiple pathways for overcoming those barriers. As important, it helped to identify needs for future study and development. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER -