TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Quality of Science and Engineering at the NNSA National Security Laboratories SN - DO - 10.17226/18440 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18440/the-quality-of-science-and-engineering-at-the-nnsa-national-security-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The three National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) national security laboratories—Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)—are a major component of the U.S. government's laboratory complex and of the national science and technology base. These laboratories are large, diverse, highly respected institutions with broad programs in basic sciences, applied sciences, technology development, and engineering; and they are home to world-class staff and facilities. Under a recent interagency agreement between the Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, and the intelligence community, they are evolving to serve the needs of the broad national security community. Despite this broadening of substance and support, these laboratories remain the unique locus of science and engineering (S&E) for the U.S. nuclear weapons program, including, most significantly, the science-based stockpile stewardship program and the S&E basis for analyzing and understanding nuclear weapon developments of other nations and non-state actors. The National Research Council (NRC) was asked by Congress to assess the quality of S&E and the management of S&E at these three laboratories. The Quality of Science and Engineering at the NNSA National Security Laboratories is the second of two reports produced as part of this study. This report assesses the quality of S&E in terms of the capability of the laboratories to perform the necessary tasks to execute the laboratories' missions, both at present and in the future. The report identifies the following as four basic pillars of stockpile stewardship and non-proliferation analysis: (1) the weapons design; (2) systems engineering and understanding of the effects of aging on system performance; (3) weapons science base; and (4) modeling and simulation, which provides a capability to integrate theory, experimental data, and system design. The Quality of Science and Engineering at the NNSA National Security Laboratories offers a snapshot of the present with an eye to the future. This report discusses the current state of S&E and makes recommendations to maintain robust programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of Four Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2018 SN - DO - 10.17226/25281 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25281/an-assessment-of-four-divisions-of-the-physical-measurement-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - An Assessment of Four Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2018 assesses the scientific and technical work performed by four divisions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Physical Measurement Laboratory. This publication reviews technical reports and technical program descriptions prepared by NIST staff and summarizes the findings of the authoring panel. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Review of Three Divisions of the Information Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2015 SN - DO - 10.17226/21877 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21877/review-of-three-divisions-of-the-information-technology-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has, since 1959, annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering environments to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories, of which there are now seven, as well as the adequacy of the laboratories' resources. Review of Three Divisions of the Information Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2015 assesses the organization's technical programs, the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization, the adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources, and the effectiveness by which the organization disseminates its program outputs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research: Fiscal Year 2011 SN - DO - 10.17226/13252 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13252/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-center-for-neutron-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Since 1959, the National Research Council (NRC), at the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has annually assembled panels of experts to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories. In 2011, the NRC evaluated three of the six NIST laboratories: the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) and the Information Technology Laboratory (ITL). Each of these was addressed individually by a separate panel of experts; this report assesses NCNR. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - 2009-2010 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory SN - DO - 10.17226/13137 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13137/2009-2010-assessment-of-the-army-research-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The charge of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board (ARLTAB) is to provide biannual assessments of the scientific and technical quality of the research, development, and analysis programs at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL). The advice provided in this report focuses on technical rather than programmatic considerations. The Board is assisted by six National Research Council (NRC) panels, each of which focuses on the portion of the ARL program conducted by one of ARL's six directorates. When requested to do so by ARL, the Board also examines work that cuts across the directorates. The Board has been performing assessments of ARL since 1996. The current report summarizes its finding for the 2009-2010 period, during which 96 volunteer experts in fields of science and engineering participated in the following activities: visiting ARL annually, receiving formal presentations of technical work, examining facilities, engaging in technical discussions with ARL staff, and reviewing ARL technical materials. The Board continues to be impressed by the overall quality of ARL's technical staff and their work and applauds ARL for its clear, passionate concern for the end user of its technology--the soldier in the field--and for ARL's demonstrated mindfulness of the importance of transitioning technology to support immediate and longer-term Army needs. ARL staff also continue to expand their involvement with the wider scientific and engineering community. In general, ARL is working very well within an appropriate research and development (R&D) niche and has been demonstrating significant accomplishments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - 2011-2012 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory SN - DO - 10.17226/18269 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18269/2011-2012-assessment-of-the-army-research-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The charge of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board (ARLTAB) is to provide biennial assessments of the scientific and technical quality of the research, development, and analysis programs at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL). The ARLTAB is assisted by six panels, each of which focuses on the portion of the ARL program conducted by one of ARL's six directorates1. When requested to do so by ARL, the ARLTAB also examines work that cuts across the directorates. For example, during 2011-2012, ARL requested that the ARLTAB examine crosscutting work in the areas of autonomous systems and network science. The overall quality of ARL's technical staff and their work continues to be impressive. Staff continue to demonstrate clear, passionate mindfulness of the importance of transitioning technology to support immediate and longer-term Army needs. Their involvement with the wider scientific and engineering community continues to expand. Such continued involvement and collaboration are fundamentally important for ARL's scientific and technical activities and need to include the essential elements of peer review and interaction through publications and travel to attend professional meetings, including international professional meetings. In general, ARL is working very well within an appropriate research and development niche and has been demonstrating significant accomplishments, as exemplified in the following discussion, which also addresses opportunities and challenges. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2011 SN - DO - 10.17226/13250 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13250/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-information-technology-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Since 1959, the National Research Council (NRC), at the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has annually assembled panels of experts to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories. In 2011, the NRC evaluated three of the six NIST laboratories: the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) and the Information Technology Laboratory (ITL). Each of these was addressed individually by a separate panel of experts; this report assesses ITL. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the Center for Neutron Research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2021 SN - DO - 10.17226/26418 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26418/an-assessment-of-the-center-for-neutron-research-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has, since 1959, annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering communities to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories. The NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) is one of six major research organizational units consisting of five laboratories and one user facility at NIST. It is one of only three neutron scattering user facilities in the United States, with 30 instruments, supporting roughly one-third of the U.S. neutron scattering instruments and users. This report assesses the scientific and technical work performed by the NCNR, as well as the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization and dissemination of program outputs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research: Fiscal Year 2023 DO - 10.17226/27431 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27431/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-center-for-neutron-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Since 1959, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has annually enlisted the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene expert panels comprising individuals from academia, industry, and various scientific and engineering fields. Their primary task is to evaluate the quality and efficacy of the six NIST measurements and standards laboratories, as well as the sufficiency of resources available to these laboratories. This report assesses the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), with a focus on scientific and technical programs; portfolio of scientific and technical expertise; the adequacy of the budget, facilities, instrumentation, and human resources; and the effectiveness of NCNR dissemination efforts. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - 2013-2014 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory SN - DO - 10.17226/21675 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21675/2013-2014-assessment-of-the-army-research-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The National Research Council's Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board (ARLTAB) provides biennial assessments of the scientific and technical quality of the research, development, and analysis programs at the Army Research Laboratory, focusing on ballistics sciences, human sciences, information sciences, materials sciences, and mechanical sciences. This report discusses the biennial assessment process used by ARLTAB and its five panels; provides detailed assessments of each of the ARL core technical competency areas reviewed during the 2013-2014 period; and presents findings and recommendations common across multiple competency areas. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Report 3 on Tracking and Assessing Governance and Management Reform in the Nuclear Security Enterprise SN - DO - 10.17226/25392 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25392/report-3-on-tracking-and-assessing-governance-and-management-reform-in-the-nuclear-security-enterprise PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The congressionally mandated report A New Foundation for the Nuclear Enterprise (the "Augustine-Mies" report), released in November 2014, concluded that "the existing governance structures and many of the practices of the [nuclear security] enterprise are inefficient and ineffective, thereby putting the entire enterprise at risk over the long term." Following the release of the Augustine-Mies report, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 called for DOE to develop an implementation plan for responding to the recommendations in that and similar reports. The NDAA also called for a 4 1⁄2-year study, joint between the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the National Academy of Public Administration, to evaluate the implementation plan, to track the actions proposed in that plan, and to assess progress. This report is the third in a series of reports to be issued over 2017–2020 as part of that study. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - 2007-2008 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory SN - DO - 10.17226/12742 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12742/2007-2008-assessment-of-the-army-research-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - This volume is the latest in a series of biennial assessments of the scientific and technical quality of the Army Research Laboratory (ARL). The current report summarizes findings for the 2007-2008 period, during which 95 volunteer experts in fields of science and engineering participated in the following activities: visiting ARL annually, receiving formal presentations of technical work, examining facilities, engaging in technical discussions with ARL staff, and reviewing ARL technical materials. The overall quality of ARL's technical staff and their work continues to be impressive, as well as the relevance of their work to Army needs. ARL continues to exhibit a clear, passionate concern for the end user of its technology--the soldier in the field. While two directorates have large program-support missions, there is considerable customer-support work across the directorates, which universally demonstrate mindfulness of the importance of transitioning technology to support immediate and near-term Army needs. ARL staff also continue to expand their involvement with the wider scientific and engineering community. This involvement includes monitoring relevant developments elsewhere, engaging in significant collaborative work (including the Collaborative Technology Alliances), and sharing work through peer reviews. In general, ARL is working very well within an appropriate research and development niche and has been demonstrating significant accomplishments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the Center for Neutron Research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2018 SN - DO - 10.17226/25282 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25282/an-assessment-of-the-center-for-neutron-research-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has, since 1959 annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering environments to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories, of which there are now seven, as well as the adequacy of the laboratories’ resources. This report assesses the scientific and technical work performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research in the fiscal year 2018. It reviews the organization's technical programs; the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization; the adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources; and the effectiveness with which the organization disseminates its program outputs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2009 SN - DO - 10.17226/12769 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12769/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-chemical-science-and-technology-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory examines the operations of the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This book assesses the CSTL, based on the following criteria: (1) the technical merit of the current laboratory programs relative to current state-of-the-art programs worldwide; (2) the adequacy of the laboratory budget, facilities, equipment, and human resources, as they affect the quality of the laboratory's technical programs; and (3) the degree to which laboratory programs in measurement science and standards achieve their stated objectives and desired impact." ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physics Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2010 SN - DO - 10.17226/13008 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13008/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-physics-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The mission of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Physics Laboratory is to support U.S. industry, government, and the scientific community by providing measurement services and research for electronic, optical, and radiation technology. In this respect, the laboratory provides the foundation for the metrology of optical and ionizing radiations, time and frequency, and fundamental quantum processes, historically major areas of standards and technology. The Panel on Physics visited the six divisions of the laboratory and reviewed a selected sample of their programs and projects. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Located in Boulder, Colorado: Fiscal Year 2023 SN - DO - 10.17226/27338 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27338/an-assessment-of-the-divisions-of-the-physical-measurement-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-located-in-boulder-colorado PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Since 1959, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has annually commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to assess its various measurements and standards laboratories. This report appraises the Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML), assessing four divisions of PML situated at the NIST Boulder campus: the Applied Physics Division, the Time and Frequency Division, the Quantum Electromagnetics Division, and the Quantum Physics Division. The report compares the caliber of research at PML with similar international programs to determine whether programs adequately align with its objectives; assesses the range of scientific and technical expertise available within PML; considers the budget, facilities, equipment, and Human Resources to bolster PML technical endeavors and contribute to the fulfillment of its goals; and assesses the efficacy of PML methods for disseminating the products of its work. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research: Fiscal Year 2015 SN - DO - 10.17226/21878 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21878/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-center-for-neutron-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has, since 1959 annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering environments to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories, of which there are now seven, as well as the adequacy of the laboratories’ resources. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research: Fiscal Year 2015 reviews the organization's technical programs, the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization, the adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources, and the effectiveness with which the organization disseminates its program outputs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2017 SN - DO - 10.17226/24975 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24975/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-material-measurement-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2017 assesses the scientific and technical work performed by the National Institute of Standards (NIST). This publication reviews technical reports and technical program descriptions prepared by NIST staff summarizes the findings of the authoring panel. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the Material Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2023 SN - DO - 10.17226/27257 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27257/an-assessment-of-the-material-measurement-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Since 1959, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has annually engaged the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to assemble panels of experts to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories as well as the adequacy of the laboratory resources. This report assesses the Material Measurement Laboratory (MML), with a focus on technical programs, quality of research, scientific and technical expertise, dissemination products and strategies, and how well budget, facilities, equipment, and human resources support technical programs and MML objectives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Engineering Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2014 SN - DO - 10.17226/21659 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21659/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-engineering-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The mission of the Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness through measurement science and standards for technology-intensive manufacturing, construction, and cyberphysical systems in ways that enhance economic prosperity and improve the quality of life. To support this mission, the Engineering Laboratory has developed thrusts in smart manufacturing, construction, and cyberphysical systems; in sustainable and energy-efficient manufacturing materials and infrastructure; and in disaster-resilient buildings, infrastructure, and communities. The technical work of the Engineering Laboratory is performed in five divisions: Intelligent Systems; Materials and Structural Systems; Energy and Environment; Systems Integration; and Fire Research; and two offices: Applied Economics Office and Smart Grid Program Office. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Engineering Laboratory Fiscal Year 2014 assesses the scientific and technical work performed by the NIST Engineering Laboratory. This report evaluates the organization's technical programs, portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization, adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources, and the effectiveness by which the organization disseminates its program outputs. ER -