%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Schneeman, Barbara O. %E Yaktine, Ann L. %E Vorosmarti, Alice %T Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review %@ 978-0-309-67545-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26188/scanning-for-new-evidence-on-riboflavin-to-support-a-dietary-reference-intake-review %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26188/scanning-for-new-evidence-on-riboflavin-to-support-a-dietary-reference-intake-review %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 74 %X The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of evidence-based nutrient reference values for intakes that include the full range of age, gender, and life stage groups in the US and Canada. At the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to carry out a literature search and evidence scan of the peer-reviewed published literature on indicators of nutritional requirements, toxicity, and chronic disease risk reduction for riboflavin. Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review builds on the methodology for evidence scanning nutrients (which have existing DRIs) to determine whether there is new and relevant knowledge available that may merit a formal reexamination of DRIs for riboflavin. This report offers comments on the methodological approach to the evidence scan and discusses its findings and interpretation of the process to provide the study sponsors with a greater context to support their interpretation and application of the reported results. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alvarado, Carla %E Savaglio, Lauren %T A Population Health Perspective on Middle School Success: Activities, Programs, and Policies: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-67782-0 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25807/a-population-health-perspective-on-middle-school-success-activities-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25807/a-population-health-perspective-on-middle-school-success-activities-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 88 %X On December 5, 2019, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the factors that affect the health and well-being of middle-school-aged adolescents. The workshop included presentations on the risk factors of poor physical, social, and emotional outcomes and their prevalence; the identification of resilience factors; current policies and programs designed to support middle school success and address issues of equity and financing as they apply to these; and how the health and human services sectors can support and align with the education sector to promote health and well-being in middle school. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Martinez, Rose Marie %E McHugh, Kelly %T Exploring the Role of Critical Health Literacy in Addressing the Social Determinants of Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26214/exploring-the-role-of-critical-health-literacy-in-addressing-the-social-determinants-of-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26214/exploring-the-role-of-critical-health-literacy-in-addressing-the-social-determinants-of-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 13 %X The Roundtable on Health Literacy of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual public workshop on January 27, 2021 on the role of critical health literacy in addressing the social determinants of health (SDOH), particularly among vulnerable populations. The SDOH are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. The workshop examined the evolving concept of critical health literacy, which refers to health literacy skills that lead to empowerment of individuals, communities, and organizations to take action around the conditions that create or detract from health. Participants also explored how the concept of critical health literacy differs from the general concept of health literacy; how individuals and organizations use critical health literacy strategies to address the SDOH; and what research and implementation opportunities exist for critical health literacy as a tool to address the SDOH. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Denning, Laura Aiuppa %E Snair, Megan %E Cooper, Ruth %T Exploring the State of the Science of Solid Organ Transplantation and Disability: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68336-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26213/exploring-the-state-of-the-science-of-solid-organ-transplantation-and-disability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26213/exploring-the-state-of-the-science-of-solid-organ-transplantation-and-disability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 134 %X Transplantation of a solid organ, such as a kidney, heart, or liver, is a lifesaving procedure and is sometimes the only viable treatment for patients experiencing end-stage organ failure as a result of illness or injury. A growing prevalence of solid organ diseases in the United States is contributing to more people needing a transplant and longer wait times on the national transplant waiting list. While transplantation can lengthen a person's life, the road to recovery is difficult and complex. Transplant recipients commonly experience considerable impairments related to health factors, medication side effects, organ rejection, or other setbacks that can cause functional limitations. A spectrum of services and supports can be beneficial to patient functioning and quality of life, but patient access is variable due to individual, system, and social factors. To gain an understanding of current scientific findings in the field of solid organ transplantation, the U.S. Social Security Administration asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Health Care Services to organize a virtual public workshop to examine disability associated with organ transplantation. The workshop, held March 22-23, 2021, focused on kidney, heart, liver, and lung transplantation, and to a lesser extent intestine transplantation. Subject-matter experts presented on clinical aspects of post-transplantation recovery and described the implications for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning in adults and children. This publication summarizes the presentations and panel discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Larson, Eric B. %E Stroud, Clare %T Meeting the Challenge of Caring for Persons Living with Dementia and Their Care Partners and Caregivers: A Way Forward %@ 978-0-309-15429-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26026/meeting-the-challenge-of-caring-for-persons-living-with-dementia-and-their-care-partners-and-caregivers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26026/meeting-the-challenge-of-caring-for-persons-living-with-dementia-and-their-care-partners-and-caregivers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 228 %X Millions of people are living with dementia in the United States and globally. To live well with dementia, people need care, services, and supports that reflect their values and preferences, build on their strengths and abilities, promote well-being, and address needs that evolve as cognitive impairment deepens. Persons living with dementia co-manage their care with or rely on the support of a wide range of care partners and caregivers, including spouses, other family members and friends, and direct care workers in homes or residential care settings. While dementia care has improved since the 1970s, many individuals still lack access to high-quality care and are not living as well as they might. Disadvantaged groups, especially racial and ethnic minorities, still face challenges in access to care, services, and supports, due to deep and persistent inequities. Meeting the Challenge of Caring for Persons Living with Dementia and Their Care Partners and Caregivers: A Way Forward examines the complex body of evidence on dementia care and informs decision making about which interventions are ready to be broadly disseminated and implemented. It also offers a blueprint to guide future research using rigorous, cutting-edge methods that are inclusive, equitable, and yield critical information for real-world implementation, toward the ultimate goal of better supporting persons living with dementia and their care partners and caregivers in living as well as possible. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E McCauley, Linda %E Phillips, Robert L., Jr. %E Meisnere, Marc %E Robinson, Sarah K. %T Implementing High-Quality Primary Care: Rebuilding the Foundation of Health Care %@ 978-0-309-68510-8 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25983/implementing-high-quality-primary-care-rebuilding-the-foundation-of-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25983/implementing-high-quality-primary-care-rebuilding-the-foundation-of-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 448 %X High-quality primary care is the foundation of the health care system. It provides continuous, person-centered, relationship-based care that considers the needs and preferences of individuals, families, and communities. Without access to high-quality primary care, minor health problems can spiral into chronic disease, chronic disease management becomes difficult and uncoordinated, visits to emergency departments increase, preventive care lags, and health care spending soars to unsustainable levels. Unequal access to primary care remains a concern, and the COVID-19 pandemic amplified pervasive economic, mental health, and social health disparities that ubiquitous, high-quality primary care might have reduced. Primary care is the only health care component where an increased supply is associated with better population health and more equitable outcomes. For this reason, primary care is a common good, which makes the strength and quality of the country's primary care services a public concern. Implementing High-Quality Primary Care: Rebuilding the Foundation of Health Care puts forth an evidence-based plan with actionable objectives and recommendations for implementing high-quality primary care in the United States. The implementation plan of this report balances national needs for scalable solutions while allowing for adaptations to meet local needs. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Evaluating Hearing Loss for Individuals with Cochlear Implants %@ 978-0-309-26454-9 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26057/evaluating-hearing-loss-for-individuals-with-cochlear-implants %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26057/evaluating-hearing-loss-for-individuals-with-cochlear-implants %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 122 %X The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) administers programs that provide disability benefits. Once SSA establishes the presence of a severe impairment, it determines whether the impairment meets the criteria in the Listing of Impairments (Listings) that qualify a candidate for disability benefits. The current Listings that address hearing loss treated with cochlear implantation contain criteria that evaluate hearing ability through a speech recognition test called the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT). Since its development in 1994, the HINT has been widely used to measure cochlear implant candidacy and postoperative outcomes. However, the test characteristics, the state of cochlear implant technology, and the environment that made the HINT a common choice of assessment in 1994 are different in 2021. The HINT has several limitations in its characteristics and deviation from its intended use. At the request of SSA, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a consensus study committee to identify and recommend generalized testing procedures and criteria for evaluating the level of functional hearing ability needed to make a disability determination in adults and children after cochlear implantation. The committee's report, Evaluating Hearing Loss for Individuals with Cochlear Implants, details and supports its findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on published evidence and professional judgment. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wizemann, Theresa M. %T Faith–Health Collaboration to Improve Community and Population Health: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-48933-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25375/faith-health-collaboration-to-improve-community-and-population-health-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25375/faith-health-collaboration-to-improve-community-and-population-health-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 74 %X On March 22, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine the collaboration between the faith and health sectors, and to highlight the unique opportunities these collaborations offer to help improve population health outcomes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Rapid Expert Consultation on Allocating COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies and Other Novel Therapeutics (January 29, 2021) %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26063/rapid-expert-consultation-on-allocating-covid-19-monoclonal-antibody-therapies-and-other-novel-therapeutics-january-29-2021 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26063/rapid-expert-consultation-on-allocating-covid-19-monoclonal-antibody-therapies-and-other-novel-therapeutics-january-29-2021 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 34 %X This rapid expert consultation focuses on monoclonal antibody (mAbs) therapies authorized for use in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This consultation describes the approaches taken in different jurisdictions at the federal, state, and local/institutional levels to ensure an effective, equitable, and fair allocation of mAbs and points to challenges in reaching underserved patients. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform the Office of Science and Technology Policy on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Shortliffe, Edward H. %E Amankwah, Francis K. %E Lustig, Tracy A. %E Nass, Sharyl J. %T Medications in Single-Dose Vials: Implications of Discarded Drugs %@ 978-0-309-68207-7 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25911/medications-in-single-dose-vials-implications-of-discarded-drugs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25911/medications-in-single-dose-vials-implications-of-discarded-drugs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 174 %X Every year, significant amounts of expensive drugs are discarded. This is due in part to the growing number of prescription drugs that are administered in variable doses (rather than fixed or flat doses) based on a patient's weight or body size. Strict regulations and guidance generally prohibit or severely restrict the acceptable time frame for sharing medication from single-dose vials among patients, and so the unused amount will typically be discarded. Due to the current system for producing, administering, and paying for drugs in the United States, significant - but indeterminate - amounts of expensive prescription drugs are discarded each year. At the request of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medications in Single Dose Vials: Implications of Discarded Drugs explores the federal health care costs, safety, and quality concerns associated with discarded drugs that result from the weight-based dosing of medicines contained in single-dose vials. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Cuff, Patricia A. %E Forstag, Erin Hammers %T Lessons Learned in Health Professions Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Part 1: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68254-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26210/lessons-learned-in-health-professions-education-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-part-1 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26210/lessons-learned-in-health-professions-education-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-part-1 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 84 %X During the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals adapted, innovated, and accelerated in order to meet the needs of students, patients, and the community. To examine and learn from these experiences, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education convened a series of workshops, the first of which was a one-day virtual workshop on December 3, 2020. The first workshop explored lessons learned in the grand challenges facing health professions education (HPE) stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic and how those positive and negative experiences might inform development of sustainable improvements in the value, effectiveness, and impact of HPE. Educators, students, administrators, and health professionals shared ideas, stories, and data in an effort to discuss the future of HPE by learning from past experiences. Topics included: evaluation of online education; innovations in interprofessional education and learning opportunities within the social determinants of health and mental health; effects on preclinical and clinical education; regulatory and accreditation changes affecting HPE; and stress and workload on students and faculty. This publication summarizes the presentations and panel discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wakefield, Mary K. %E Williams, David R. %E Le Menestrel, Suzanne %E Flaubert, Jennifer Lalitha %T The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity %@ 978-0-309-68506-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25982/the-future-of-nursing-2020-2030-charting-a-path-to %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25982/the-future-of-nursing-2020-2030-charting-a-path-to %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 466 %X The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report.