%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Clever, Linda Hawes %E Rogers, M.E. Bonnie %E Schultz, Andrea M. %E Liverman, Catharyn T. %T Occupational Health Nurses and Respiratory Protection: Improving Education and Training: Letter Report %@ 978-0-309-21548-0 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13183/occupational-health-nurses-and-respiratory-protection-improving-education-and-training %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13183/occupational-health-nurses-and-respiratory-protection-improving-education-and-training %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 74 %X Occupational health nurses (OHNs) are front-line advocates for preventing illness and injury and protecting health in a variety of workplace settings, including the areas of agriculture, construction, health care, manufacturing, and public safety. OHNs need education and training in respiratory protection in order to ensure both their safety and the safety of America's workers. At the request of the National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined existing respiratory protection curricula and made recommendations to improve education and training in respiratory protection for OHNs. The IOM finds that current respiratory protection education receives varying amounts of dedicated time and resources and is taught using a variety of approaches. Several recommendations are made to improve the respiratory protection education and training of OHNs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Miller, Wilhelmine %E Robinson, Lisa A. %E Lawrence, Robert S. %T Valuing Health for Regulatory Cost-Effectiveness Analysis %@ 978-0-309-10077-9 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11534/valuing-health-for-regulatory-cost-effectiveness-analysis %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11534/valuing-health-for-regulatory-cost-effectiveness-analysis %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 382 %X Promoting human health and safety by reducing exposures to risks and harms through regulatory interventions is among the most important responsibilities of the government. Such efforts encompass a wide array of activities in many different contexts: improving air and water quality; safeguarding the food supply; reducing the risk of injury on the job, in transportation, and from consumer products; and minimizing exposure to toxic chemicals. Estimating the magnitude of the expected health and longevity benefits and reductions in mortality, morbidity, and injury risks helps policy makers decide whether particular interventions merit the expected costs associated with achieving these benefits and inform their choices among alternative strategies. Valuing Health for Regulatory Cost-Effectiveness Analysis provides useful recommendations for how to measure health-related quality of- life impacts for diverse public health, safety, and environmental regulations. Public decision makers, regulatory analysts, scholars, and students in the field will find this an essential review text. It will become a standard reference for all government agencies and those consultants and contractors who support the work of regulatory programs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Baciu, Alina %E Anason, Andrea Pernack %E Stratton, Kathleen %E Strom, Brian %T The Smallpox Vaccination Program: Public Health in an Age of Terrorism %@ 978-0-309-09592-1 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11240/the-smallpox-vaccination-program-public-health-in-an-age-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11240/the-smallpox-vaccination-program-public-health-in-an-age-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Health and Medicine %P 392 %X December 13, 2002, the president of the United States announced that smallpox vaccination would be offered to some categories of civilians and administered to members of the military and government representatives in high-risk areas of the world. The events that precipitated that historic announcement included a series of terrorist attacks during the 1990s, which culminated in the catastrophic events of 2001. Although preparedness for deliberate attacks with biologic weapons was already the subject of much public health planning, meetings, and publications as the twentieth century neared its end, the events of 2001 led to a steep rise in bioterrorism-related government policies and funding, and in state and local preparedness activities, for example, in public health, health care, and the emergency response and public safety communities. The national smallpox vaccination program is but one of many efforts to improve readiness to respond to deliberate releases of biologic agents. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation was convened in October 2002 at the request of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the federal agency charged with implementing the government's policy of providing smallpox vaccine first to public health and health care workers on response teams, then to all interested health care workers and other first responders, and finally to members of the general public who might insist on receiving the vaccine. The committee was charged with providing "advice to the CDC and the program investigators on selected aspects of the smallpox program implementation and evaluation." The committee met six times over 19 months and wrote a series of brief "letter" reports. The Smallpox Vaccination Program: Public Health in an Age of Terrorism constitutes the committee's seventh and final report, and the committee hopes that it will fulfill three purposes: 1) To serve as an archival document that brings together the six reports addressed to Julie Gerberding, director of CDC, and previously released on line and as short, unbound papers; 2) To serve as a historical document that summarizes milestones in the smallpox vaccination program, and ; 3) To comment on the achievement of overall goals of the smallpox vaccination program (in accordance with the last item in the charge), including lessons learned from the program. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Taylor, Rachel M. %E Alper, Joe %T Using Technology to Advance Global Health: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46477-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24882/using-technology-to-advance-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24882/using-technology-to-advance-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X To explore how the use of technology can facilitate progress toward globally recognized health priorities, the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety organized a public workshop. Participants identified and explored the major challenges and opportunities for developing and implementing digital health strategies within the global, country, and local context, and framed the case for cross-sector and cross-industry collaboration, engagement, and investment in digital health strategies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Olson, Steve %E Downey, Autumn S. %T Sharing Clinical Research Data: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-26874-5 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18267/sharing-clinical-research-data-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18267/sharing-clinical-research-data-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 156 %X Pharmaceutical companies, academic researchers, and government agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the National Institutes of Health all possess large quantities of clinical research data. If these data were shared more widely within and across sectors, the resulting research advances derived from data pooling and analysis could improve public health, enhance patient safety, and spur drug development. Data sharing can also increase public trust in clinical trials and conclusions derived from them by lending transparency to the clinical research process. Much of this information, however, is never shared. Retention of clinical research data by investigators and within organizations may represent lost opportunities in biomedical research. Despite the potential benefits that could be accrued from pooling and analysis of shared data, barriers to data sharing faced by researchers in industry include concerns about data mining, erroneous secondary analyses of data, and unwarranted litigation, as well as a desire to protect confidential commercial information. Academic partners face significant cultural barriers to sharing data and participating in longer term collaborative efforts that stem from a desire to protect intellectual autonomy and a career advancement system built on priority of publication and citation requirements. Some barriers, like the need to protect patient privacy, pre- sent challenges for both sectors. Looking ahead, there are also a number of technical challenges to be faced in analyzing potentially large and heterogeneous datasets. This public workshop focused on strategies to facilitate sharing of clinical research data in order to advance scientific knowledge and public health. While the workshop focused on sharing of data from preplanned interventional studies of human subjects, models and projects involving sharing of other clinical data types were considered to the extent that they provided lessons learned and best practices. The workshop objectives were to examine the benefits of sharing of clinical research data from all sectors and among these sectors, including, for example: benefits to the research and development enterprise and benefits to the analysis of safety and efficacy. Sharing Clinical Research Data: Workshop Summary identifies barriers and challenges to sharing clinical research data, explores strategies to address these barriers and challenges, including identifying priority actions and "low-hanging fruit" opportunities, and discusses strategies for using these potentially large datasets to facilitate scientific and public health advances. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Smedley, Brian D. %E Sy, S. Leonard, me %T Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research %@ 978-0-309-07175-8 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9939/promoting-health-intervention-strategies-from-social-and-behavioral-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9939/promoting-health-intervention-strategies-from-social-and-behavioral-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 508 %X At the dawn of the twenty-first century, Americans enjoyed better overall health than at any other time in the nation's history. Rapid advancements in medical technologies, breakthroughs in understanding the genetic underpinnings of health and ill health, improvements in the effectiveness and variety of pharmaceuticals, and other developments in biomedical research have helped develop cures for many illnesses and improve the lives of those with chronic diseases. By itself, however, biomedical research cannot address the most significant challenges to improving public health. Approximately half of all causes of mortality in the United States are linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, and accidents. Yet less than five percent of the money spent annually on U.S. health care is devoted to reducing the risks of these preventable conditions. Behavioral and social interventions offer great promise, but as yet their potential has been relatively poorly tapped. Promoting Health identifies those promising areas of social science and behavioral research that may address public health needs. It includes 12 papers—commissioned from some of the nation's leading experts—that review these issues in detail, and serves to assess whether the knowledge base of social and behavioral interventions has been useful, or could be useful, in the development of broader public health interventions. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Goldman, Lynn %E Coussens, Christine %T Implications of Nanotechnology for Environmental Health Research %@ 978-0-309-09577-8 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11248/implications-of-nanotechnology-for-environmental-health-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11248/implications-of-nanotechnology-for-environmental-health-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 70 %X Nanotechnology is often described as an emerging technology - one that not only holds promise for society, but also is capable of revolutionizing our approaches to common problems. Nanotechnology is not a completely new field; however, it is only recently that discoveries in this field have advanced so far as to warrant examination of their impact upon the world around us. Nanotechnology has direct beneficial applications for medicine and the environment, but like all technologies it may have unintended effects that can adversely impact the environment, both within the human body and within the natural ecosystem. How does the science move forward in a way that best protects the public and gets health and safety right the first time? Implications of Nanotechnology for Environmental Health Research identifies the areas in which additional research is needed and the processes by which changes can occur. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Baciu, Alina %E Stratton, Kathleen %E Burke, Sheila P. %T The Future of Drug Safety: Promoting and Protecting the Health of the Public %@ 978-0-309-10304-6 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11750/the-future-of-drug-safety-promoting-and-protecting-the-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11750/the-future-of-drug-safety-promoting-and-protecting-the-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 346 %X In the wake of publicity and congressional attention to drug safety issues, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested the Institute of Medicine assess the drug safety system. The committee reported that a lack of clear regulatory authority, chronic underfunding, organizational problems, and a scarcity of post-approval data about drugs&#39 risks and benefits have hampered the FDA&#39s ability to evaluate and address the safety of prescription drugs after they have reached the market. Noting that resources and therefore efforts to monitor medications&#39 risk–benefit profiles taper off after approval, The Future of Drug Safety offers a broad set of recommendations to ensure that consideration of safety extends from before product approval through the entire time the product is marketed and used. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lewin, Marion Ein %E Altman, Stuart %T America's Health Care Safety Net: Intact but Endangered %@ 978-0-309-06497-2 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9612/americas-health-care-safety-net-intact-but-endangered %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9612/americas-health-care-safety-net-intact-but-endangered %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 302 %X America's Health Care Safety Net explains how competition and cost issues in today's health care marketplace are posing major challenges to continued access to care for America's poor and uninsured. At a time when policymakers and providers are urgently seeking guidance, the committee recommends concrete strategies for maintaining the viability of the safety net—with innovative approaches to building public attention, developing better tools for tracking the problem, and designing effective interventions. This book examines the health care safety net from the perspectives of key providers and the populations they serve, including: Components of the safety net—public hospitals, community clinics, local health departments, and federal and state programs. Mounting pressures on the system—rising numbers of uninsured patients, decline in Medicaid eligibility due to welfare reform, increasing health care access barriers for minority and immigrant populations, and more. Specific consequences for providers and their patients from the competitive, managed care environment—detailing the evolution and impact of Medicaid managed care. Key issues highlighted in four populations—children with special needs, people with serious mental illness, people with HIV/AIDS, and the homeless. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Kohn, Linda T. %E Corrigan, Janet M. %E Donaldson, Molla S. %T To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System %@ 978-0-309-26174-6 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9728/to-err-is-human-building-a-safer-health-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9728/to-err-is-human-building-a-safer-health-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 312 %X Experts estimate that as many as 98,000 people die in any given year from medical errors that occur in hospitals. That's more than die from motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS—three causes that receive far more public attention. Indeed, more people die annually from medication errors than from workplace injuries. Add the financial cost to the human tragedy, and medical error easily rises to the top ranks of urgent, widespread public problems. To Err Is Human breaks the silence that has surrounded medical errors and their consequence—but not by pointing fingers at caring health care professionals who make honest mistakes. After all, to err is human. Instead, this book sets forth a national agenda—with state and local implications—for reducing medical errors and improving patient safety through the design of a safer health system. This volume reveals the often startling statistics of medical error and the disparity between the incidence of error and public perception of it, given many patients' expectations that the medical profession always performs perfectly. A careful examination is made of how the surrounding forces of legislation, regulation, and market activity influence the quality of care provided by health care organizations and then looks at their handling of medical mistakes. Using a detailed case study, the book reviews the current understanding of why these mistakes happen. A key theme is that legitimate liability concerns discourage reporting of errors—which begs the question, "How can we learn from our mistakes?" Balancing regulatory versus market-based initiatives and public versus private efforts, the Institute of Medicine presents wide-ranging recommendations for improving patient safety, in the areas of leadership, improved data collection and analysis, and development of effective systems at the level of direct patient care. To Err Is Human asserts that the problem is not bad people in health care—it is that good people are working in bad systems that need to be made safer. Comprehensive and straightforward, this book offers a clear prescription for raising the level of patient safety in American health care. It also explains how patients themselves can influence the quality of care that they receive once they check into the hospital. This book will be vitally important to federal, state, and local health policy makers and regulators, health professional licensing officials, hospital administrators, medical educators and students, health caregivers, health journalists, patient advocates—as well as patients themselves. First in a series of publications from the Quality of Health Care in America, a project initiated by the Institute of Medicine %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Davis, Jonathan R. %E Lederberg, Joshua %T Public Health Systems and Emerging Infections: Assessing the Capabilities of the Public and Private Sectors: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-06829-1 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9869/public-health-systems-and-emerging-infections-assessing-the-capabilities-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9869/public-health-systems-and-emerging-infections-assessing-the-capabilities-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 128 %X The Forum on Emerging Infections was created in 1996 in response to a request from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. The goal of the forum is to provide structured opportunities for representatives from academia, industry, professional and interest groups, and government to examine and discuss scientific and policy issues that relate to research, prevention, detection, and management of emerging infectious diseases. A critical part of this mission has been the convening of a series of workshops. Public Health Systems and Emerging Infections summarizes the fourth in a series of five workshops. With a focus on our knowledge and understanding of the role of private and public health sectors in emerging infectious disease surveillance and response, the participants explored the effects of privatization of public health laboratories and the modernization of public health care. The issues discussed included epidemiological investigation, surveillance, communication, coordination, resource allocations, and economic support. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Davis, Jonathan R. %E Lederberg, Joshua %T Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Global to the Local Perspective: A Summary of a Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections %@ 978-0-309-07184-0 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10084/emerging-infectious-diseases-from-the-global-to-the-local-perspective %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10084/emerging-infectious-diseases-from-the-global-to-the-local-perspective %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 134 %X In October 1999, the Forum on Emerging Infections of the Institute of Medicine convened a two-day workshop titled “International Aspects of Emerging Infections.” Key representatives from the international community explored the forces that drive emerging infectious diseases to prominence. Representatives from the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Europe made formal presentations and engaged in panel discussions. Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Global to the Local Perspective includes summaries of the formal presentations and suggests an agenda for future action. The topics addressed cover a wide range of issues, including trends in the incidence of infectious diseases around the world, descriptions of the wide variety of factors that contribute to the emergence and reemergence of these diseases, efforts to coordinate surveillance activities and responses within and across borders, and the resource, research, and international needs that remain to be addressed. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Gottfried, Kate-Louise D. %E Penn, Gary %T Radiation in Medicine: A Need for Regulatory Reform %@ 978-0-309-05386-0 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5154/radiation-in-medicine-a-need-for-regulatory-reform %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5154/radiation-in-medicine-a-need-for-regulatory-reform %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 328 %X Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers: Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T BioWatch PCR Assays: Building Confidence, Ensuring Reliability: Abbreviated Version %@ 978-0-309-36722-6 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21658/biowatch-pcr-assays-building-confidence-ensuring-reliability-abbreviated-version %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21658/biowatch-pcr-assays-building-confidence-ensuring-reliability-abbreviated-version %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 200 %X BioWatch is an air monitoring system deployed in jurisdictions around the country with the goal of detecting the presence of certain high risk pathogenic microorganisms. It relies on a network of federal and nonfederal collaborative relationships to be successful, and is one part of a larger array of disease surveillance, intelligence-gathering, and biomonitoring activities in support of public safety and health. The assays used in the BioWatch system to detect the presence of pathogens in collected samples rely on the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to sensitively and specifically amplify target nucleic acid sequences. BioWatch PCR Assays evaluates and provides guidance on appropriate standards for the validation and verification of PCR tests and assays in order to ensure that adequate performance data are available to public health and other key decision makers with a sufficient confidence level to facilitate the public health response to a BioWatch Actionable Response. This report discusses principles of performance standards, reviews information from several existing guidance documents and standards that might be applicable to BioWatch, and discusses assay testing efforts that have occurred or are ongoing. BioWatch PCR Assays provides recommendations on general principles and approaches for a performance standard and validation framework to meet BioWatch's mission. The report also considers how developments in technology, particularly in multiplex PCR and next-generation sequencing, can contribute to the ability of the BioWatch program to meet current and future challenges. This report has been determined to contain information exempt from disclosure under 5 U.S.C. 552(b). Section 15 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act provides that the National Academies shall make its final report available to the public unless the National Academies determines that the report would disclose matters described in one or more of the exemption provisions under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). In such case, the National Academies "shall make public an abbreviated version of the report that does not disclose those matters." This unrestricted, abbreviated version of the report represents, in so far as possible, the committee's findings, recommendations, and other substantive material without disclosing materials described in 5 U.S.C. 552(b). %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Leshner, Alan I. %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %E Lee, Arlene F. %E McCoy, Margaret A. %E Kelley, Patrick W. %T Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence %@ 978-0-309-28438-7 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18319/priorities-for-research-to-reduce-the-threat-of-firearm-related-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18319/priorities-for-research-to-reduce-the-threat-of-firearm-related-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 120 %X In 2010, more than 105,000 people were injured or killed in the United States as the result of a firearm-related incident. Recent, highly publicized, tragic mass shootings in Newtown, CT; Aurora, CO; Oak Creek, WI; and Tucson, AZ, have sharpened the American public's interest in protecting our children and communities from the harmful effects of firearm violence. While many Americans legally use firearms for a variety of activities, fatal and nonfatal firearm violence poses a serious threat to public safety and welfare. In January 2013, President Barack Obama issued 23 executive orders directing federal agencies to improve knowledge of the causes of firearm violence, what might help prevent it, and how to minimize its burden on public health. One of these orders directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to, along with other federal agencies, immediately begin identifying the most pressing problems in firearm violence research. The CDC and the CDC Foundation asked the IOM, in collaboration with the National Research Council, to convene a committee tasked with developing a potential research agenda that focuses on the causes of, possible interventions to, and strategies to minimize the burden of firearm-related violence. Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence focuses on the characteristics of firearm violence, risk and protective factors, interventions and strategies, the impact of gun safety technology, and the influence of video games and other media. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Emergency Medical Services: At the Crossroads %@ 978-0-309-10174-5 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11629/emergency-medical-services-at-the-crossroads %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11629/emergency-medical-services-at-the-crossroads %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 310 %X Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is a critical component of our nation&#39s emergency and trauma care system, providing response and medical transport to millions of sick and injured Americans each year. At its best, EMS is a crucial link to survival in the chain of care, but within the last several years, complex problems facing the emergency care system have emerged. Press coverage has highlighted instances of slow EMS response times, ambulance diversions, trauma center closures, and ground and air medical crashes. This heightened public awareness of problems that have been building over time has underscored the need for a review of the U.S. emergency care system. Emergency Medical Services provides the first comprehensive study on this topic. This new book examines the operational structure of EMS by presenting an in-depth analysis of the current organization, delivery, and financing of these types of services and systems. By addressing its strengths, limitations, and future challenges this book draws upon a range of concerns: &#8226 The evolving role of EMS as an integral component of the overall health care system. &#8226 EMS system planning, preparedness, and coordination at the federal, state, and local levels. &#8226 EMS funding and infrastructure investments. &#8226 EMS workforce trends and professional education. &#8226 EMS research priorities and funding. Emergency Medical Services is one of three books in the Future of Emergency Care series. This book will be of particular interest to emergency care providers, professional organizations, and policy makers looking to address the deficiencies in emergency care systems. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Viswanathan, Kristin %E Wizemann, Theresa %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %T Preparedness and Response to a Rural Mass Casualty Incident: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-17717-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13070/preparedness-and-response-to-a-rural-mass-casualty-incident-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13070/preparedness-and-response-to-a-rural-mass-casualty-incident-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X Problems contacting emergency services and delayed assistance are not unusual when incidents occur in rural areas, and the consequences can be devastating, particularly with mass casualty incidents. The IOM's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events held a workshop to examine the current capabilities of emergency response systems and the future opportunities to improve mass casualty response in rural communities. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Manning, Frederick J. %E Goldfrank, Lewis %T Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program: Phase I Report %@ 978-0-309-07647-0 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10221/tools-for-evaluating-the-metropolitan-medical-response-system-program-phase %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10221/tools-for-evaluating-the-metropolitan-medical-response-system-program-phase %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 63 %X The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Metropolitan Medical Response (MMRS) program has evolved from an idea originally developed in the Washington, D.C., area in 1995. Using the combined personnel and equipment resources from Washington, D.C., Arlington County in Virginia, and Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, the Metropolitan Medical Strike Team (MMST) received training, equipment, and supplies specifically designed to facilitate an effective response to a mass-casualty terrorism incident with a weapon of mass destruction (WMD). The first of its kind in the civilian environment, the MMST was intended to be capable of providing initial, on-site emergency health, medical, and mental health services after a terrorist incident involving chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) materials. The team's mission includes CBR agent detection and identification, patient decontamination, triage and medical treatment, emergency transportation of patients to local hospitals, coordination of movement of patients to more distant hospitals via the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), and planning for the disposition of nonsurvivors. Building from the initial efforts of the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area MMST, OEP provided funding for the development of a similar team in the city of Atlanta in preparation for the 1996 Summer Olympic Games. The U.S. Congress has subsequently authorized and provided funding for additional contracts with the 120 most populous U.S. cities. Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical REsponse System Program: Phase I Report identifies and develops performance measures and systems to assess the effectiveness of, and to identify barriers related to, the MMRS development process. This report identifies, recommends, and develops performance measures and systems to assess the effectiveness of, and identify barriers related to, the MMRS development process at the site, jurisdictional, and governmental levels. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Reeve, Megan %E Mott, Meghan %E Eckert, Bradley %E Altevogt, Bruce %T Crisis Standards of Care: Lessons from Communities Building Their Plans: Workshop in Brief %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21676/crisis-standards-of-care-lessons-from-communities-building-their-plans %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21676/crisis-standards-of-care-lessons-from-communities-building-their-plans %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X At the April 2014 Preparedness Summit in Atlanta, Georgia, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events hosted a session to further the work on Crisis Standards of Care and the fair and ethical allocation of scarce resources during a medical or public health emergency. The purpose of this learning session was to share lessons and examples from communities who have been working on developing their plans and to provide a venue allowing participants to discuss challenges they experienced or are anticipating as they begin this type of planning in their own communities. After hearing lessons from various perspectives including state health, local health, health care coalitions, and emergency medical services, participants had discussions on specific challenges and opportunities for advancement within different disciplines. The discussions highlighted the critical role key stakeholders and facilitators play in developing crisis standards of care frameworks within each discipline, and how integrating medical surge plans into the emergency management system could improve disaster preparedness. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Olson, Steve %E Anderson, Kat M. %T The Impact of Juvenile Justice System Involvement on the Health and Well-Being of Youth, Families, and Communities of Color: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-69053-9 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26623/the-impact-of-juvenile-justice-system-involvement-on-the-health-and-well-being-of-youth-families-and-communities-of-color %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26623/the-impact-of-juvenile-justice-system-involvement-on-the-health-and-well-being-of-youth-families-and-communities-of-color %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X Involvement with the juvenile justice system can impact young people's physical and mental health and well-being throughout their lives, as well as the health and well-being of their families and communities. Youth of color are more likely to become involved with the juvenile justice system, and suffer worse outcomes in sentencing, during incarceration, and after release. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity convened a workshop to discuss the impact that juvenile justice system involvement has on the health and well-being of adolescents, families, and communities of color; examine policies that are successful in improving outcomes; and explore what needs to be done to improve all aspects of encounters with the juvenile justice system. The workshop suggested pursuing alternatives to traditional juvenile justice systems that would allow adolescents to stay in their communities rather than in detention, responding to behavioral problems in youth with interventions that promote health and positive development rather than punishment, and tailoring interventions and programming to participants' cultural background and gender identity. This report summarizes the proceedings of the workshop.