TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - World-Class Research and Development: Characteristics for an Army Research, Development, and Engineering Organization SN - DO - 10.17226/5486 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5486/world-class-research-and-development-characteristics-for-an-army-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Shipboard Pollution Control: U.S. Navy Compliance with MARPOL Annex V DO - 10.17226/9190 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9190/shipboard-pollution-control-us-navy-compliance-with-marpol-annex-v PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Measuring and Improving Infrastructure Performance SN - DO - 10.17226/4929 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4929/measuring-and-improving-infrastructure-performance PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The nation's physical infrastructure facilitates movement of people and goods; provides safe water; provides energy when and where needed; removes wastes; enables rapid communications; and generally supports our economy and quality of life. Developing a framework for guiding attempts at measuring the performance of infrastructure systems and grappling with the concept of defining good performance are the major themes of this book. Focusing on urban regions, within a context of national policy, the volume provides the basis for further in-depth analysis and application at the local, regional, state, and national levels. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Undersea Vehicles and National Needs SN - DO - 10.17226/5069 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5069/undersea-vehicles-and-national-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The United States faces decisions requiring information about the oceans in vastly expanded scales of time and space and from oceanic sectors not accessible with the suite of tools now used by scientists and engineers. Advances in guidance and control, communications, sensors, and other technologies for undersea vehicles can provide an opportunity to understand the oceans' influence on the energy and chemical balance that sustains humankind and to manage and deliver resources from and beneath the sea. This book assesses the state of undersea vehicle technology and opportunities for vehicle applications in science and industry. It provides guidance about vehicle subsystem development priorities and describes how national research can be focused most effectively. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Competition in the Electric Industry: Emerging Issues, Opportunities, and Risks for Facility Operators SN - DO - 10.17226/5482 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5482/competition-in-the-electric-industry-emerging-issues-opportunities-and-risks PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Massive Data Sets: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/5505 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5505/massive-data-sets-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Surveys and Statistics ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Biomolecular Self-Assembling Materials: Scientific and Technological Frontiers SN - DO - 10.17226/5502 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5502/biomolecular-self-assembling-materials-scientific-and-technological-frontiers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Biology and Life Sciences ER - TY - BOOK TI - Shipbuilding Technology and Education SN - DO - 10.17226/5064 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5064/shipbuilding-technology-and-education PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The U.S. shipbuilding industry now confronts grave challenges in providing essential support of national objectives. With recent emphasis on renewal of the U.S. naval fleet, followed by the defense builddown, U.S. shipbuilders have fallen far behind in commercial ship construction, and face powerful new competition from abroad. This book examines ways to reestablish the U.S. industry, to provide a technology base and R&D infrastructure sustaining both commercial and military goals. Comparing U.S. and foreign shipbuilders in four technological areas, the authors find that U.S. builders lag most severely in business process technologies, and in technologies of new products and materials. New advances in system technologies, such as simulation, are also needed, as are continuing developments in shipyard production technologies. The report identifies roles that various government agencies, academia, and, especially, industry itself must play for the U.S. shipbuilding industry to attempt a turnaround. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simulated Voyages: Using Simulation Technology to Train and License Mariners SN - DO - 10.17226/5065 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5065/simulated-voyages-using-simulation-technology-to-train-and-license-mariners PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This book assesses the state of practice and use of ship-bridge simulators in the professional development and licensing of deck officers and marine pilots. It focuses on full-mission computer-based simulators and manned models. It analyzes their use in instruction, evaluation and licensing and gives information and practical guidance on the establishment of training and licensing program standards, and on simulator and simulation validation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Financing Tomorrow's Infrastructure: Challenges and Issues: Proceedings of a Colloquium SN - DO - 10.17226/5304 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5304/financing-tomorrows-infrastructure-challenges-and-issues-proceedings-of-a-colloquium PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - With the current emphasis on a balanced federal budget and correspondingly decreased federal participation in financing local infrastructure systems, infrastructure providers are faced with the challenge of developing new sources of capital to fund their projects. This book discusses critical infrastructure issues and brings together recognized experts in domestic and international infrastructure and finance. It provides perspectives on the issues and discusses less conventional financing techniques used in recently completed projects. This volume also discusses likely conventional financing mechanisms of the future. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Space Studies Board: Annual Report 1995 DO - 10.17226/9039 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9039/space-studies-board-annual-report-1995 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Statistical Software Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/5018 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5018/statistical-software-engineering PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - This book identifies challenges and opportunities in the development and implementation of software that contain significant statistical content. While emphasizing the relevance of using rigorous statistical and probabilistic techniques in software engineering contexts, it presents opportunities for further research in the statistical sciences and their applications to software engineering. It is intended to motivate and attract new researchers from statistics and the mathematical sciences to attack relevant and pressing problems in the software engineering setting. It describes the "big picture," as this approach provides the context in which statistical methods must be developed. The book's survey nature is directed at the mathematical sciences audience, but software engineers should also find the statistical emphasis refreshing and stimulating. It is hoped that the book will have the effect of seeding the field of statistical software engineering by its indication of opportunities where statistical thinking can help to increase understanding, productivity, and quality of software and software production. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Airline Passenger Security Screening: New Technologies and Implementation Issues SN - DO - 10.17226/5116 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5116/airline-passenger-security-screening-new-technologies-and-implementation-issues PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - This book addresses new technologies being considered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for screening airport passengers for concealed weapons and explosives. The FAA is supporting the development of promising new technologies that can reveal the presence not only of metal-based weapons as with current screening technologies, but also detect plastic explosives and other non-metallic threat materials and objects, and is concerned that these new technologies may not be appropriate for use in airports for other than technical reasons. This book presents discussion of the health, legal, and public acceptance issues that are likely to be raised regarding implementation of improvements in the current electromagnetic screening technologies, implementation of screening systems that detect traces of explosive materials on passengers, and implementation of systems that generate images of passengers beneath their clothes for analysis by human screeners. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Coatings for High-Temperature Structural Materials: Trends and Opportunities SN - DO - 10.17226/5038 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5038/coatings-for-high-temperature-structural-materials-trends-and-opportunities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - This book assesses the state of the art of coatings materials and processes for gas-turbine blades and vanes, determines potential applications of coatings in high-temperature environments, identifies needs for improved coatings in terms of performance enhancements, design considerations, and fabrication processes, assesses durability of advanced coating systems in expected service environments, and discusses the required inspection, repair, and maintenance methods. The promising areas for research and development of materials and processes for improved coating systems and the approaches to increased coating standardization are identified, with an emphasis on materials and processes with the potential for improved performance, quality, reproducibility, or manufacturing cost reduction. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Large-Scale Structures in Acoustics and Electromagnetics: Proceedings of a Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/5019 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5019/large-scale-structures-in-acoustics-and-electromagnetics-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - This book focuses on computational methods to determine the dynamics of large-scale electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical systems, including those with many substructures and characterized by an extended range of scales. Examples include large naval and maritime vessels, aerospace vehicles, and densely packed microelectronic and optical integrated circuits (VLSI). The interplay of time and frequency-domain computational and experimental procedures was addressed, emphasizing their relationship and synergy, and indicating mathematics research opportunities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Affordable Cleanup?: Opportunities for Cost Reduction in the Decontamination and Decommissioning of the Nation's Uranium Enrichment Facilities SN - DO - 10.17226/5114 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5114/affordable-cleanup-opportunities-for-cost-reduction-in-the-decontamination-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The Energy Policy Act of 1992 called on the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study and provide recommendations for reducing the costs of decontaminating and decommissioning (D&D) the nation's uranium enrichment facilities located at Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Raducah, Kentucky; and Portsmouth, Ohio. This volume examines the existing plans and cost estimates for the D&D of these facilities, including such elements as technologies, planning and management, and identifies approaches that could reduce D&D costs. It also assesses options for disposition of the large quantities of depleted uranium hexafluoride that are stored at these sites. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Computing and Communications in the Extreme: Research for Crisis Management and Other Applications SN - DO - 10.17226/5280 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5280/computing-and-communications-in-the-extreme-research-for-crisis-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - This book synthesizes the findings of three workshops on research issues in high-performance computing and communications (HPCC). It focuses on the role that computing and communications can play in supporting federal, state, and local emergency management officials who deal with natural and man-made hazards (e.g., toxic spills, terrorist bombings). The volume also identifies specific research challenges for HPCC in meeting unmet technology needs in crisis management and other nationally important application areas, such as manufacturing, health care, digital libraries, and electronic commerce and banking. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging SN - DO - 10.17226/5066 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5066/mathematics-and-physics-of-emerging-biomedical-imaging PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - This cross-disciplinary book documents the key research challenges in the mathematical sciences and physics that could enable the economical development of novel biomedical imaging devices. It is hoped that the infusion of new insights from mathematical scientists and physicists will accelerate progress in imaging. Incorporating input from dozens of biomedical researchers who described what they perceived as key open problems of imaging that are amenable to attack by mathematical scientists and physicists, this book introduces the frontiers of biomedical imaging, especially the imaging of dynamic physiological functions, to the educated nonspecialist. Ten imaging modalities are covered, from the well-established (e.g., CAT scanning, MRI) to the more speculative (e.g., electrical and magnetic source imaging). For each modality, mathematics and physics research challenges are identified and a short list of suggested reading offered. Two additional chapters offer visions of the next generation of surgical and interventional techniques and of image processing. A final chapter provides an overview of mathematical issues that cut across the various modalities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Navy and Marine Corps in Regional Conflict in the 21st Century DO - 10.17226/9231 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9231/the-navy-and-marine-corps-in-regional-conflict-in-the-21st-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Assessment of Techniques for Removing Offshore Structures DO - 10.17226/9072 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9072/an-assessment-of-techniques-for-removing-offshore-structures PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER -