TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Daniel L. Cork A2 - John E. Rolph A2 - Eugene S. Meieran A2 - Carol V. Petrie TI - Ballistic Imaging SN - DO - 10.17226/12162 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12162/ballistic-imaging PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Ballistic Imaging assesses the state of computer-based imaging technology in forensic firearms identification. The book evaluates the current law enforcement database of images of crime-related cartridge cases and bullets and recommends ways to improve the usefulness of the technology for suggesting leads in criminal investigations. It also advises against the construction of a national reference database that would include images from test-fires of every newly manufactured or imported firearm in the United States. The book also suggests further research on an alternate method for generating an investigative lead to the location where a gun was first sold: "microstamping," the direct imprinting of unique identifiers on firearm parts or ammunition. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Protecting Individual Privacy in the Struggle Against Terrorists: A Framework for Program Assessment SN - DO - 10.17226/12452 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12452/protecting-individual-privacy-in-the-struggle-against-terrorists-a-framework PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - All U.S. agencies with counterterrorism programs that collect or "mine" personal data -- such as phone records or Web sites visited -- should be required to evaluate the programs' effectiveness, lawfulness, and impacts on privacy. A framework is offered that agencies can use to evaluate such information-based programs, both classified and unclassified. The book urges Congress to re-examine existing privacy law to assess how privacy can be protected in current and future programs and recommends that any individuals harmed by violations of privacy be given a meaningful form of redress. Two specific technologies are examined: data mining and behavioral surveillance. Regarding data mining, the book concludes that although these methods have been useful in the private sector for spotting consumer fraud, they are less helpful for counterterrorism because so little is known about what patterns indicate terrorist activity. Regarding behavioral surveillance in a counterterrorist context, the book concludes that although research and development on certain aspects of this topic are warranted, there is no scientific consensus on whether these techniques are ready for operational use at all in counterterrorism. ER -