%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Brown, Lawrence D. %E Cohen, Michael L. %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Citro, Constance F. %T Envisioning the 2020 Census %@ 978-0-309-15115-3 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12865/envisioning-the-2020-census %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12865/envisioning-the-2020-census %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 362 %X Planning for the 2020 census is already beginning. This book from the National Research Council examines several aspects of census planning, including questionnaire design, address updating, non-response follow-up, coverage follow-up, de-duplication of housing units and residents, editing and imputation procedures, and several other census operations. This book recommends that the Census Bureau overhaul its approach to research and development. The report urges the Bureau to set cost and quality goals for the 2020 and future censuses, improving efficiency by taking advantage of new technologies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Farrington, John W. %E Feder, Michael A. %T NOAA's Education Program: Review and Critique %@ 978-0-309-15123-8 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12867/noaas-education-program-review-and-critique %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12867/noaas-education-program-review-and-critique %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Education %P 198 %X There is a national need to educate the public about the ocean, coastal resources, atmosphere and climate. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the agency responsible for understanding and predicting changes in the Earth's environment and conserving and managing coastal and marine resources to meet the nation's economic, social and environmental needs, has a broad mandate to engage and coordinate education initiatives on these topics. Since its creation in 1970, the NOAA has supported a variety of education projects that cover a range of topics related to the agency's scientific and stewardship mission. NOAA uses formal and informal learning environments to enhance understanding of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and to advance environmental education. The work of this agency overlaps and compliments the missions of other federal agencies, institutions of higher education, private and nonprofit organizations. Coordination among these agencies and organizations has been challenging. Limited education resources and the inherently global nature of NOAA's mission make strategic partnerships critical in order for the agency to accomplish its goals. Additionally, clear education goals, planning, and strategic use of resources are critical aspects for effective partnerships. NOAA's Education Program: Review and Critique provides a summary of the national education context for NOAA's role in education which is twofold: first is to advance the environmental literacy of the nation, and second is to promote a diverse workforce in ocean, coastal, Great Lakes, atmospheric and climate sciences. The book also describes the strengths and weaknesses of the education strategic plan, the education evaluation approach of the agency and strategies for improving the evaluation process. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wellford, Charles F. %E Chemers, Betty M. %E Schuck, Julie A. %T Strengthening the National Institute of Justice %@ 978-0-309-15635-6 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12929/strengthening-the-national-institute-of-justice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12929/strengthening-the-national-institute-of-justice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 334 %X The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the nation's primary resource for advancing scientific research, development, and evaluation on crime and crime control and the administration of justice in the United States. Headed by a presidentially appointed director, it is one of the major units in the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) of the U.S. Department of Justice. Under its authorizing legislation, NIJ awards grants and contracts to a variety of public and private organizations and individuals. At the request of NIJ, Strengthening the National Institute of Justice assesses the operations and quality of the full range of its programs. These include social science research, science and technology research and development, capacity building, and technology assistance. The book concludes that a federal research institute such as NIJ is vital to the nation's continuing efforts to control crime and administer justice. No other federal, state, local, or private organization can do what NIJ was created to do. Forty years ago, Congress envisioned a science agency dedicated to building knowledge to support crime prevention and control by developing a wide range of techniques for dealing with individual offenders, identifying injustices and biases in the administration of justice, and supporting more basic and operational research on crime and the criminal justice system and the involvement of the community in crime control efforts. As the embodiment of that vision, NIJ has accomplished a great deal. It has succeeded in developing a body of knowledge on such important topics as hot spots policing, violence against women, the role of firearms and drugs in crime, drug courts, and forensic DNA analysis. It has helped build the crime and justice research infrastructure. It has also widely disseminated the results of its research programs to help guide practice and policy. But its efforts have been severely hampered by a lack of independence, authority, and discretionary resources to carry out its mission. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smith, Amy %T Grand Challenges of Our Aging Society: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-15010-1 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12852/grand-challenges-of-our-aging-society-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12852/grand-challenges-of-our-aging-society-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 88 %X Aging populations are generating both challenges and opportunities for societies around the globe. Increases in longevity and improvements in health raise many questions. What steps can be taken to optimize physical and cognitive health and productivity across the life span? How will older people finance their retirement and health care? What will be the macroeconomic implications of an aging population? How will communities be shaped by the shift in age structure? What global interconnections will affect how each society handles the aging of its population? To address these questions, the National Academies organized a symposium, summarized in the present volume, to determine how best to contribute to an evidence-based dialogue on population aging that will shape policies and programs. Presentations in the fields of biology, public health, medicine, informatics, macroeconomics, finance, urban planning, and engineering approached the challenges of aging from many different angles. The presenters reviewed the current state of knowledge in their respective fields, identifying areas of consensus and controversy and delineating the priority questions for further research and policy development. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hilton, Margaret %T Exploring the Intersection of Science Education and 21st Century Skills: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-14518-3 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12771/exploring-the-intersection-of-science-education-and-21st-century-skills %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12771/exploring-the-intersection-of-science-education-and-21st-century-skills %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 144 %X An emerging body of research suggests that a set of broad "21st century skills"—such as adaptability, complex communication skills, and the ability to solve non-routine problems—are valuable across a wide range of jobs in the national economy. However, the role of K-12 education in helping students learn these skills is a subject of current debate. Some business and education groups have advocated infusing 21st century skills into the school curriculum, and several states have launched such efforts. Other observers argue that focusing on skills detracts attention from learning of important content knowledge. To explore these issues, the National Research Council conducted a workshop, summarized in this volume, on science education as a context for development of 21st century skills. Science is seen as a promising context because it is not only a body of accepted knowledge, but also involves processes that lead to this knowledge. Engaging students in scientific processes—including talk and argument, modeling and representation, and learning from investigations—builds science proficiency. At the same time, this engagement may develop 21st century skills. Exploring the Intersection of Science Education and 21st Century Skills addresses key questions about the overlap between 21st century skills and scientific content and knowledge; explores promising models or approaches for teaching these abilities; and reviews the evidence about the transferability of these skills to real workplace applications. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Pool, Robert %T Field Evaluation in the Intelligence and Counterintelligence Context: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-15016-3 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12854/field-evaluation-in-the-intelligence-and-counterintelligence-context-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12854/field-evaluation-in-the-intelligence-and-counterintelligence-context-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 114 %X On September 22-23, 2009, the National Research Council held a workshop on the field evaluation of behavioral and cognitive sciences—based methods and tools for use in the areas of intelligence and counterintelligence. Broadly speaking, the purpose of the workshop was to discuss the best ways to take methods and tools from behavioral science and apply them to work in intelligence operations. More specifically, the workshop focused on the issue of field evaluation—the testing of these methods and tools in the context in which they will be used in order to determine if they are effective in real-world settings. This book is a summary and synthesis of the two days of presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. The workshop participants included invited speakers and experts from a number of areas related to the behavioral sciences and the intelligence community. The discussions covered such ground as the obstacles to field evaluation of behavioral science tools and methods, the importance of field evaluation, and various lessons learned from experience with field evaluation in other areas. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Olson, Steve %T The Role of Human Factors in Home Health Care: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-15629-5 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12927/the-role-of-human-factors-in-home-health-care-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12927/the-role-of-human-factors-in-home-health-care-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 322 %X The rapid growth of home health care has raised many unsolved issues and will have consequences that are far too broad for any one group to analyze in their entirety. Yet a major influence on the safety, quality, and effectiveness of home health care will be the set of issues encompassed by the field of human factors research—the discipline of applying what is known about human capabilities and limitations to the design of products, processes, systems, and work environments. To address these challenges, the National Research Council began a multidisciplinary study to examine a diverse range of behavioral and human factors issues resulting from the increasing migration of medical devices, technologies, and care practices into the home. Its goal is to lay the groundwork for a thorough integration of human factors research with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. On October 1 and 2, 2009, a group of human factors and other experts met to consider a diverse range of behavioral and human factors issues associated with the increasing migration of medical devices, technologies, and care practices into the home. This book is a summary of that workshop, representing the culmination of the first phase of the study. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wunderlich, Gooloo S. %T Improving Health Care Cost Projections for the Medicare Population: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-15976-0 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12985/improving-health-care-cost-projections-for-the-medicare-population-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12985/improving-health-care-cost-projections-for-the-medicare-population-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 128 %X Developing credible short-term and long-term projections of Medicare health care costs is critical for public- and private-sector policy planning, but faces challenges and uncertainties. There is uncertainty not only in the underlying economic and demographic assumptions used in projection models, but also in what a policy modeler assumes about future changes in the health status of the population and the factors affecting health status , the extent and pace of scientific and technological breakthroughs in medical care, the preferences of the population for particular kinds of care, the likelihood that policy makers will alter current law and regulations, and how each of these factors relates to health care costs for the elderly population. Given the substantial growth in the Medicare population and the continued increases in Medicare, Medicaid, and private health insurance spending, the availability of well-specified models and analyses that can provide useful information on the likely cost implications of health care policy alternatives is essential. It is therefore timely to review the capabilities and limitations of extant health care cost models and to identify areas for research that offer the most promise to improve modeling, not only of current U.S. health care programs, but also of policy alternatives that may be considered in the coming years. The National Research Council conducted a public workshop focusing on areas of research needed to improve health care cost projections for the Medicare population, and on the strengths and weaknesses of competing frameworks for projecting health care expenditures for the elderly. The workshop considered major classes of projection and simulation models that are currently used and the underlying data sources and research inputs for these models. It also explored areas in which additional research and data are needed to inform model development and health care policy analysis more broadly. The workshop, summarized in this volume, drew people from a wide variety of disciplines and perspectives, including federal agencies, academia, and nongovernmental organizations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Stern, Paul C. %E Kasperson, Roger E. %T Facilitating Climate Change Responses: A Report of Two Workshops on Knowledge from the Social and Behavioral Sciences %@ 978-0-309-16032-2 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12996/facilitating-climate-change-responses-a-report-of-two-workshops-on %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12996/facilitating-climate-change-responses-a-report-of-two-workshops-on %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 174 %X The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, understanding the need for policy makers at the national level to entrain the behavioral and social sciences in addressing the challenges of global climate change, called on the National Research Council to organize two workshops to showcase some of the decision-relevant contributions that these sciences have already made and can advance with future efforts. The workshops focused on two broad areas: (1) mitigation (behavioral elements of a strategy to reduce the net future human influence on climate) and (2) adaptation (behavioral and social determinants of societal capacity to minimize the damage from climate changes that are not avoided). Facilitating Climate Change Responses documents the information presented in the workshop presentations and discussions. This material illustrates some of the ways the behavioral and social sciences can contribute to the new era of climate research. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Accounting for Health and Health Care: Approaches to Measuring the Sources and Costs of Their Improvement %@ 978-0-309-15679-0 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12938/accounting-for-health-and-health-care-approaches-to-measuring-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12938/accounting-for-health-and-health-care-approaches-to-measuring-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 238 %X It has become trite to observe that increases in health care costs have become unsustainable. How best for policy to address these increases, however, depends in part on the degree to which they represent increases in the real quantity of medical services as opposed to increased unit prices of existing services. And an even more fundamental question is the degree to which the increased spending actually has purchased improved health. Accounting for Health and Health Care addresses both these issues. The government agencies responsible for measuring unit prices for medical services have taken steps in recent years that have greatly improved the accuracy of those measures. Nonetheless, this book has several recommendations aimed at further improving the price indices.