TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Daniel L. Cork A2 - Michael L. Cohen A2 - Robert Groves A2 - William Kalsbeek TI - Survey Automation: Report and Workshop Proceedings SN - DO - 10.17226/10695 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10695/survey-automation-report-and-workshop-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - For over 100 years, the evolution of modern survey methodology—using the theory of representative sampling to make interferences from a part of the population to the whole—has been paralleled by a drive toward automation, harnessing technology and computerization to make parts of the survey process easier, faster, and better. The availability of portable computers in the late 1980s ushered in computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), in which interviewers administer a survey instrument to respondents using a computerized version of the questionnaire on a portable laptop computer. Computer assisted interviewing (CAI) methods have proven to be extremely useful and beneficial in survey administration. However, the practical problems encountered in documentation and testing CAI instruments suggest that this is an opportune time to reexamine not only the process of developing CAI instruments but also the future directions of survey automation writ large. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Mark H. Moore A2 - Carol V. Petrie A2 - Anthony A. Braga A2 - Brenda L. McLaughlin TI - Deadly Lessons: Understanding Lethal School Violence SN - DO - 10.17226/10370 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10370/deadly-lessons-understanding-lethal-school-violence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The shooting at Columbine High School riveted national attention on violence in the nation's schools. This dramatic example signaled an implicit and growing fear that these events would continue to occur—and even escalate in scale and severity. How do we make sense of the tragedy of a school shooting or even draw objective conclusions from these incidents? Deadly Lessons is the outcome of the National Research Council's unique effort to glean lessons from six case studies of lethal student violence. These are powerful stories of parents and teachers and troubled youths, presenting the tragic complexity of the young shooter's social and personal circumstances in rich detail. The cases point to possible causes of violence and suggest where interventions may be most effective. Readers will come away with a better understanding of the potential threat, how violence might be prevented, and how healing might be promoted in affected communities. For each case study, Deadly Lessons relates events leading up to the violence, provides quotes from personal interviews about the incident, and explores the impact on the community. The case studies center on: Two separate incidents in East New York in which three students were killed and a teacher was seriously wounded. A shooting on the south side of Chicago in which one youth was killed and two wounded. A shooting into a prayer group at a Kentucky high school in which three students were killed. The killing of four students and a teacher and the wounding of 10 others at an Arkansas middle school. The shooting of a popular science teacher by a teenager in Edinboro, Pennsylvania. A suspected copycat of Columbine in which six students were wounded in Georgia. For everyone who puzzles over these terrible incidents, Deadly Lessons offers a fresh perspective on the most fundamental of questions: Why? ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Paul Sackett A2 - Anne Mavor TI - Attitudes, Aptitudes, and Aspirations of American Youth: Implications for Military Recruitment SN - DO - 10.17226/10478 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10478/attitudes-aptitudes-and-aspirations-of-american-youth-implications-for-military PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Recruiting an all-volunteer military is a formidable task. To successfully enlist one eligible recruit, the Army must contact approximately 120 young people. The National Research Council explores the various factors that will determine whether the military can realistically expect to recruit an adequate fighting force -- one that will meet its upcoming needs. It also assesses the military’s expected manpower needs and projects the numbers of youth who are likely to be available over the next 20 years to meet these needs. With clearly written text and useful graphics, Attitudes, Aptitudes, and Aspirations of American Youth offers an overview of important issues for military recruiters, touching on a number of important topics including: sex and race, education and aptitude, physical and moral attributes, and military life and working conditions. In addition, the book looks at how a potential recruit would approach the decision to enlist, considering personal, family, and social values, and the options for other employment or college. Building on the need to increase young Americans’ “propensity to enlist,” this book offers useful recommendations for increasing educational opportunities while in the service and for developing advertising strategies that include concepts of patriotism and duty to country. Of primary value to military policymakers, recruitment officers, and analysts, Attitudes, Aptitudes, and Aspirations of American Youth will also interest social scientists and policy makers interested in youth trends. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Who Are These People?: A Guide for Child Care Professionals DO - 10.17226/10696 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10696/who-are-these-people-a-guide-for-child-care-professionals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - As children spend an increasing portion of their day outside the home, it has become even more important that they are consistently exposed to positive and productive experiences, especially during their formative years. High-quality care is no longer a plus—it's a must. With the goal of making daily caregiving easier and more enjoyable, the National Academies and the McCormick Tribune Foundation have partnered to produce this useful and informative booklet. Based on key findings described in two recent reports on early childhood development and education from the National Academies—From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development and Eager to Learn: Educating Our Preschoolers—it offers helpful suggestions and practical guidance to child care providers, educators, and even interested parents. Concentrating specifically on infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, Who Are These People?: A Guide for Child Care Professionals provides information and inspiration to everyone who interacts with young children on a regular basis. Copies are available free of charge in English or Spanish. Get yours today by phoning Customer Service toll free at 1-800-624-6242. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Daniel L. Cork A2 - Michael L. Cohen A2 - Benjamin F. King TI - Planning the 2010 Census: Second Interim Report SN - DO - 10.17226/10776 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10776/planning-the-2010-census-second-interim-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The Panel on Research on Future Census Methods has a broad charge to review the early planning process for the 2010 census. Its work includes observing the operation of the 2000 census, deriving lessons for 2010, and advising on effective evaluations and tests. This is the panel's third report; they have previously issued an interim report offering suggestions on the Census Bureau's evaluation plan for 2000 and a letter report commenting on the bureau's proposed general structure for the 2010 census. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - John V. Pepper A2 - Carol V. Petrie TI - Measurement Problems in Criminal Justice Research: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/10581 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10581/measurement-problems-in-criminal-justice-research-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Most major crime in this country emanates from two major data sources. The FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports has collected information on crimes known to the police and arrests from local and state jurisdictions throughout the country. The National Crime Victimization Survey, a general population survey designed to cover the extent, nature, and consequences of criminal victimization, has been conducted annually since the early1970s. This workshop was designed to consider similarities and differences in the methodological problems encountered by the survey and criminal justice research communities and what might be the best focus for the research community. In addition to comparing and contrasting the methodological issues associated with self-report surveys and official records, the workshop explored methods for obtaining accurate self-reports on sensitive questions about crime events, estimating crime and victimization in rural counties and townships and developing unbiased prevalence and incidence rates for rate events among population subgroups. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Richard A. McCray A2 - Robert L. DeHaan A2 - Julie Anne Schuck TI - Improving Undergraduate Instruction in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10711 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10711/improving-undergraduate-instruction-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Participants in this workshop were asked to explore three related questions: (1) how to create measures of undergraduate learning in STEM courses; (2) how such measures might be organized into a framework of criteria and benchmarks to assess instruction; and (3) how such a framework might be used at the institutional level to assess STEM courses and curricula to promote ongoing improvements. The following issues were highlighted: Effective science instruction identifies explicit, measurable learning objectives. Effective teaching assists students in reconciling their incomplete or erroneous preconceptions with new knowledge. Instruction that is limited to passive delivery of information requiring memorization of lecture and text contents is likely to be unsuccessful in eliciting desired learning outcomes. Models of effective instruction that promote conceptual understanding in students and the ability of the learner to apply knowledge in new situations are available. Institutions need better assessment tools for evaluating course design and effective instruction. Deans and department chairs often fail to recognize measures they have at their disposal to enhance incentives for improving education. Much is still to be learned from research into how to improve instruction in ways that enhance student learning. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Ronald Breiger A2 - Kathleen Carley A2 - Philippa Pattison TI - Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis: Workshop Summary and Papers SN - DO - 10.17226/10735 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10735/dynamic-social-network-modeling-and-analysis-workshop-summary-and-papers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In the summer of 2002, the Office of Naval Research asked the Committee on Human Factors to hold a workshop on dynamic social network and analysis. The primary purpose of the workshop was to bring together scientists who represent a diversity of views and approaches to share their insights, commentary, and critiques on the developing body of social network analysis research and application. The secondary purpose was to provide sound models and applications for current problems of national importance, with a particular focus on national security. This workshop is one of several activities undertaken by the National Research Council that bears on the contributions of various scientific disciplines to understanding and defending against terrorism. The presentations were grouped in four sessions – Social Network Theory Perspectives, Dynamic Social Networks, Metrics and Models, and Networked Worlds – each of which concluded with a discussant-led roundtable discussion among the presenters and workshop attendees on the themes and issues raised in the session. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Monica Ulewicz TI - Monitoring International Labor Standards: Human Capital Investment: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10821 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10821/monitoring-international-labor-standards-human-capital-investment-summary-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - An increasingly globalized world economy creates new economic, cultural, and social opportunities. Globalization also poses the challenge of ensuring that workers throughout the world share in these opportunities. In 1998 the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, a set of core international labor standards embodying basic workers' rights. Carrying out this commitment to workers' rights requires an understanding of labor conditions and country-level compliance with these standards. The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) contracted with the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies to advise the U.S. government on the design of an integrated and comprehensive system to monitor country-level compliance with these core international labor standards. The NRC has convened the Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards (CMILS) to provide expert, science-based advice on monitoring compliance with international labor standards. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Roy Pea A2 - William A. Wulf A2 - Stuart W. Elliott A2 - Martha A. Darling TI - Planning for Two Transformations in Education and Learning Technology: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10789 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10789/planning-for-two-transformations-in-education-and-learning-technology-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - In response to concerns about the continued unrealized potential of IT in K-12 education, the National Research Council’s Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Education (CFE), Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences (BBCSS), and Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) undertook a collaborative project to help the IT, education research, and practitioner communities work together to find ways of improving the use of IT in K-12 education for the benefit of all students. ER -