%0 Book %A National Research Council %T State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions %@ 978-0-309-10151-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11586/state-and-federal-standards-for-mobile-source-emissions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11586/state-and-federal-standards-for-mobile-source-emissions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 362 %X Emissions from mobile sources contribute significantly to air pollution in the United States. Such sources include cars and light- and heavy-duty trucks; diesel-powered cranes, bulldozers, and tractors; and equipment such as lawnmowers that run on small gasoline engines. The role of state versus federal government in establishing mobile-source emissions standards is an important environmental management issue. With this in mind, Congress called on EPA to arrange an independent study of the practices and procedures by which California develops separate emissions standards from the federal government and other states choose to adopt the California standards. The report provides an assessment of the scientific and technical procedures used by states to develop or adopt different emissions standards and a comparison of those policies and practices with those used by EPA. It also considers the impacts of state emissions standards on various factors including compliance costs and emissions. The report concludes that, despite the substantial progress in reducing emissions from mobile sources nationwide, more needs to be done to attain federal air-quality standards in many parts of the country. Additionally, California should continue its pioneering role in setting emissions standards for cars, trucks, and off-road equipment. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations %@ 978-0-309-08609-7 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10511/estimating-the-public-health-benefits-of-proposed-air-pollution-regulations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10511/estimating-the-public-health-benefits-of-proposed-air-pollution-regulations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 187 %X EPA estimates that thousands of premature deaths and cases of illnesses may be avoided by reducing air pollution. At the request of Congress, this report reviews the scientific basis of EPA's methods used in estimating the public health benefits from its air pollution regulations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices %@ 978-0-309-08486-4 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10426/biosolids-applied-to-land-advancing-standards-and-practices %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10426/biosolids-applied-to-land-advancing-standards-and-practices %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Agriculture %P 365 %X The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.