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IP @ The National Academies
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 Search more than 60 reports and documents | |
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Intellectual Property Rights: How Far Should They Be Extended?
Transcripts, powerpoint presentations and audio files from this February 2000 conference are available here. Featured speakers included Richard Levin, Yale University, Hon. Q. Todd Dickinson, former USPTO Commissioner, Hon. Roderkick McKelvie, U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, among others. Also found in: Licensing ~ Patent Administration ~ Agriculture ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Business Methods ~ Internet ~ Transcripts |
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The Children's Vaccine Initiative: Achieving the Vision The Children's Vaccine Initiative is an international endeavor to ensure that children throughout the world are immunized. This book notes that one of the best opportunities to address the growing problem of immunization in the United States and to improve the health of children in developing countries lies in marshaling the vaccine development and production efforts in the United States and abroad. The report contains information on the nature and status of vaccine development and production efforts in the United States and abroad, and it recommends ways to enhance participation in the International Children's Vaccine Initiative. Appendix A of the report details relevant intellectual property rights law. Also found in: Licensing ~ Patent Administration ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Publications |
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Nat'l Academies Press: Patents in the Knowledge-Based Economy his publication assembles nine original research studies commissioned by the STEP Board to inform judgments about some of the institutional and policy changes in the US patent system over the last 25 years. Included are papers assessing how the USPTO examination process affects the quality of issued patents, how the post-patent review system in the US ("patent re-examination") and Europe ("patent opposition") compare in operation, under what circumstances the benefits of an opposition system would outweigh the costs, what are the trends in patent litigation overall and in the semiconductor industry in particular, how and why the protection of software has shifted from copyrighting to patenting, what are the characteristics of Internet business method patents, and whether the proliferation of patents in biological research tools is inhibiting biomedical research. An introduction by the editors places this work in the context of other social science research on the patent system. Also found in: Licensing ~ Patent Administration ~ Technology Transfer ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Business Methods ~ Publications |
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A Patent System for the 21st Century, 2004 This report focuses on how well the system fulfills its mission of encouraging research, innovation, and the dissemination of knowledge and how it is adapting to rapid technological and economic changes. The panel concludes that the system has shown admirable flexibility in accommodating new technologies and reflecting the greater importance of intangible capital of all sorts. On the other hand, there is reason to be concerned about the quality of issued patents (whether they meet the statutory standards of novelty, utility, nonobviousness, and adequate written description), the resources available to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to keep up with the pace of change and volume of applications, features of U.S. law that inhibit the dissemination of information contained in patents and that raise the cost and uncertainty of litigation over patent validity and infringement, access to patented research technologies for basic non-commercial research, and redundancies and inconsistencies among national patent systems that raise the cost of global intellectual property protection. Also found in: International Harmonization ~ Licensing ~ Patent Administration ~ Technology Transfer ~ Internet ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Business Methods ~ Publications |
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Sharing Laboratory Resources: Genetically Altered Mice The remarkable success of molecular biology as a scientific enterprise over the last two decades is unqualified, but it has been accompanied by a complex phenomenon: the commercialization of its products. In some instances, such as the production of medically important materials by the biotechnology industry, we can point to commercialization as a vindication of public investment in science—a source of jobs, better health, and a competitive economy. But in other cases, the impulse to commercialize what science has produced raises troubling questions about conflicts of interests, the motivations of scientists, and even the legality of their actions. A workshop was held at the National Academy of Sciences on March 23 and 24, 1993 to consider genetically altered laboratory mice as a model with which to evaluate the elements that influence the sharing of scientific reagents, and this volume summarizes the views expressed by representatives of the community, academic institutions, the government, and several kinds of companies Also found in: Licensing ~ Technology Transfer ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Business Methods ~ Publications |
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Biotechnology: Science, Engineering, and Ethical Challenges for the 21st Century Biotechnology-the manipulation of the basic building blocks of life-is rapidly advancing in laboratories around the world. It has become routine to refer to DNA fingerprints and genetically engineered foods. Yet the "how to" of biotechnology is only the beginning. For every report of new therapies or better ways to produce food, there is a Jurassic Park scenario to remind us of the potential pitfalls. Biotechnology raises serious issues for scientists and nonscientists alike: Who will decide what is safe? Who will have access to our personal genetic information? What are the risks when advanced science becomes big business? In Biotechnology, experts from science, law, industry, and government explore a cross-section of emerging issues. Also found in: International Harmonization ~ Licensing ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Publications |
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