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IP @ The National Academies
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 Search more than 60 reports and documents | |
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Global Networks and Local Values: A Comparative Look at Germany and the United States A joint German-American project produced this examination of the role of values in shaping law and practice for many issues relating to networked content, including intellectual property, privacy, and free speech. Also found in: Copyright ~ Internet ~ Publications |
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Swords into Market Shares: Technology, Economics, and Security in the New Russia While researching this book, Glenn Schweitzer met four Moscow physicists who were trying to license Russian technology to western firms for product manufacture. During the worst times, they were reduced to driving taxis to keep things afloat. He asked them, will technological innovation have a discernible impact on the Russian economy in the coming decade? No, was the immediate reply. Are they right? In Swords into Market Shares, Schweitzer examines the roots of such pessimism and the prospects for Russia to prosper from its technology in the post-Soviet world. He explores the different visions of prosperity held by entrepreneurs, technologists, and government officials and goes on to examine the barriers to progress as Russia struggles to build a viable technology industry on its own terms. In accessible language, this book talks about technology's place within Russia's economy and its research and development infrastructure. Schweitzer looks at the impact of the Soviet legacy--central planning, lack of priorities, scant incentives for personal initiative--and the aftermath of the Russian financial meltdown of 1998. Also found in: Licensing ~ Technology Transfer ~ Business Methods ~ Publications |
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A Question of Balance: Private Rights and the Public Interest in Scientific and Technical Databases New legal approaches, such as the European Union's 1996 Directive on the Legal Protection of Databases, and other legal initiatives now being considered in the United States at the federal and state level, are threatening to compromise public access to scientific and technical data available through computerized databases. Lawmakers are struggling to strike an appropriate balance between the rights of database rights holders, who are concerned about possible commercial misappropriation of their products, and public-interest users of the data such as researchers, educators, and libraries. Also found in: Copyright ~ Database Protection ~ Licensing ~ Publications |
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Bits of Power: Issues in Global Access to Scientific Data Since Galileo corresponded with Kepler, the community of scientists has become increasingly international. A DNA sequence is as significant to a researcher in Novosibirsk as it is to one in Pasadena. And with the advent of electronic communications technology, these experts can share information within minutes. What are the consequences when more bits of scientific data cross more national borders and do it more swiftly than ever before? Bits of Power assesses the state of international exchange of data in the natural sciences, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and challenges. Also found in: Copyright ~ Database Protection ~ Licensing ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Internet ~ Publications |
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Public Symposium on the Proposed WIPO “Webcasting Treaty” On the afternoon of Wednesday, February 22, from 1:15 to 5:00 p.m., the National Academies will hold a public symposium on the application of the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) proposed Treaty on the Protection of Broadcasting Organizations to webcasts on the Internet. The meeting will be at the National Academy of Sciences main auditorium, at 2100 C Street NW, Washington, DC. The purpose of this symposium is to convene a public forum for both the proponents and opponents of the proposed treaty to present their arguments and to provide an opportunity for public discussion of these issues. The results of the discussions also will help inform the National Academies about the merits of this proposed treaty and to develop any public position with respect to it. The symposium will include presentations by a representative of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and by representatives of several organizations that favor and oppose the treaty. Senate staff members also have been invited to express their views. A general discussion is scheduled among all the speakers, as well as with the audience following the presentations. The symposium will be chaired by Wm. A. Wulf, president, National Academy of Engineering. Attendance by the public is free and open and no advance registration is necessary. However, a valid photo ID is required for entry into the building. The symposium proceedings also will be webcast. You may participate in the symposium by listening to the live audio webcast and submitting questions using an e-mail form at http://national-academies.org. The webcast requires RealPlayer software, available free at http://www.real.com/player. |
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USNC/CODATA Involvement in the World Summit on the Information Society The second phase of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) (http://www.itu.int/wsis/) was held in Tunis, Tunisia on 16-18 November 2005. The USNC/CODATA played a supporting role on behalf of the United States and the international scientific and technical (S&T) community leading up to and during the WSIS. At the national level, the committee: (a) compiled an inventory of U.S. public sector scientific and technical activities that respond to the actions items proposed in the WSIS I Agenda for Action (available at http://www.nap.edu/shelves/uswsis/); (b) held public meetings as a forum for discussing national S&T interests in WSIS; (c) worked with S&T organizations at the national level to coordinate input into the WSIS process; (d) coordinated with the State Department on issues and positions leading up to WSIS II; and (e) maintained and updated the National Academies' WSIS Web portal (see http://wsis.nap.edu/). At the international level, the USNC: (a) tracked the international developments related to WSIS II, with specific attention to S&T issues and activities; (b) worked with other foreign S&T organizations, particularly ICSU and CODATA, to coordinate activities and develop common positions for WSIS II; (c) developed in conjunction with CODATA the Global Information Commons for Science Initiative, which was formally announced at the WSIS in Tunis; and (d) actively participated in WSIS II, including S&T-related side meetings in Tunis. Also found in: Internet |
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CODATA Workshop on Permanent Access to Scientific Information in Southern Africa The U.S. National Committee (USNC) for CODATA co-organized a major workshop in Pretoria, South Africa on 5-7 September 2005, together with the South African CODATA Committee, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, and the CODATA Task Group on Preservation and Access to Scientific and Technical Data in Developing Countries. The focus of the Workshop was on health and environmental data and information. Also found in: Technology Transfer ~ Internet |
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A Patent System for the 21st Century, 2004 This report focuses on how well the system fulfills its mission of encouraging research, innovation, and the dissemination of knowledge and how it is adapting to rapid technological and economic changes. The panel concludes that the system has shown admirable flexibility in accommodating new technologies and reflecting the greater importance of intangible capital of all sorts. On the other hand, there is reason to be concerned about the quality of issued patents (whether they meet the statutory standards of novelty, utility, nonobviousness, and adequate written description), the resources available to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to keep up with the pace of change and volume of applications, features of U.S. law that inhibit the dissemination of information contained in patents and that raise the cost and uncertainty of litigation over patent validity and infringement, access to patented research technologies for basic non-commercial research, and redundancies and inconsistencies among national patent systems that raise the cost of global intellectual property protection. Also found in: Licensing ~ Litigation and Dispute Resolution ~ Patent Administration ~ Technology Transfer ~ Internet ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Business Methods ~ Software ~ Publications |
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Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century: This report provides an overview of the specific technologies and practices under the umbrella of precision agriculture, exploring the full implications of their adoption by farmers and agricultural managers. The volume discusses how precision agriculture could dramatically affect decisionmaking in irrigation, crop selection, pest management, environmental issues, and pricing and market conditions. It also examines the geographical dimensions--farm, regional, national--of precision agriculture and looks at how quickly and how widely the agricultural community can be expected to adopt the new information technologies. Also found in: Copyright ~ Technology Transfer ~ Agriculture ~ Publications |
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Biotechnology: Science, Engineering, and Ethical Challenges for the 21st Century Biotechnology-the manipulation of the basic building blocks of life-is rapidly advancing in laboratories around the world. It has become routine to refer to DNA fingerprints and genetically engineered foods. Yet the "how to" of biotechnology is only the beginning. For every report of new therapies or better ways to produce food, there is a Jurassic Park scenario to remind us of the potential pitfalls. Biotechnology raises serious issues for scientists and nonscientists alike: Who will decide what is safe? Who will have access to our personal genetic information? What are the risks when advanced science becomes big business? In Biotechnology, experts from science, law, industry, and government explore a cross-section of emerging issues. Also found in: Licensing ~ Litigation and Dispute Resolution ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Publications |
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U.S. Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Performance U.S. industry faced a gloomy outlook in the late 1980s. Then, industrial performance improved dramatically through the 1990s and appears pervasively brighter today. A look at any group of industries, however, reveals important differences in the factors behind the resurgence--in industry structure and strategy, research performance, and location of activities--as well as similarities in the national policy environment, impact of information technology, and other factors. Also found in: Biotech/Pharma ~ Software ~ Publications |
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Intellectual Property Issues in Software Software is the product of intellectual creativity, but protection of the intellectual property residing in software is the subject of some controversy. This book captures a wide range of perspectives on the topic from industry, academe, and government, drawing on information presented at a workshop and forum. Also found in: Copyright ~ Patent Administration ~ Trade Secrets ~ Software ~ Publications |
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Technology Transfer Systems in the United States and Germany: Lessons and Perspectives This book explores major similarities and differences in the structure, conduct, and performance of the national technology transfer systems of Germany and the United States. It maps the technology transfer landscape in each country in detail, uses case studies to examine the dynamics of technology transfer in four major technology areas, and identifies areas and opportunities for further mutual learning between the two national systems. Also found in: Licensing ~ Patent Administration ~ Trade Secrets ~ Technology Transfer ~ Agriculture ~ Biotech/Pharma ~ Internet ~ Software ~ Publications |
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NAP Report: Global Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights in Science and Technology (1993, 450 pp.) Also found in: Biotech/Pharma ~ Publications |
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