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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

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1066
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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids

F
Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997

TABLE F-1 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Energy Intake (kcal), Canada (1990–1997)

 

 

 

Percentile

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

5th

10th

25th

M, 19–30 y

1,362

2,980.2

1,992

2,120

2,436

Standard error

 

45.2

75

33

25

M, 31–50 y

2,371

2,637.1

1,545

1,797

2,149

Standard error

 

33.5

81

44

24

M, 51–70 y

2,416

2,224.0

1,418

1,546

1,794

Standard error

 

35.8

81

30

31

M, 71–74 y

478

2,025.8

1,213

1,360

1,672

Standard error

 

55.6

99

57

69

F, 19–30 y

1,456

1,890.4

1,189

1,327

1,521

Standard error

 

27.8

57

19

17

F, 31–50 y

2,687

1,752.2

1,124

1,217

1,421

Standard error

 

24.0

42

14

14

F, 51–70 y

2,481

1,543.2

932

1,077

1,268

Standard error

 

28.2

51

27

19

F, 71–74 y

474

1,531.3

920

1,030

1,188

Standard error

 

70.8

64

39

35

Total

13,725

2,168.6

1,173

1,304

1,575

Standard error

 

16.0

30

11

12

a M = male, F = female.

NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Applications, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.
Page
1066
Front Matter (R1-R26)
Summary (1-20)
1. Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-37)
2. Methods and Approaches Used (38-52)
3. Relationship of Macronutrients and Physical Activity to Chronic Disease (53-83)
4. A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (84-106)
5. Energy (107-264)
6. Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches (265-338)
7. Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber (339-421)
8. Dietary Fats: Total Fat and Fatty Acids (422-541)
9. Cholesterol (542-588)
10. Protein and Amino Acids (589-768)
11. Macronutrients and Healthful Diets (769-879)
12. Physical Activity (880-935)
13. Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients (936-967)
14. A Research Agenda (968-971)
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms (972-977)
Appendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (978-984)
Appendix C: Acknowledgments (985-987)
Appendix D: Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (988-1027)
Appendix E: Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996, 1998 (1028-1065)
Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990-1997 (1066-1075)
Appendix G: Special Analyses for Dietary Fats (1076-1077)
Appendix H: Body Composition Data Based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (1078-1103)
Appendix I: Doubly Labeled Water Data Used to Predict Energy Expenditure (1104-1202)
Appendix J: Association of Added Sugar Intake and Intake of Other Nutrients (1203-1225)
Appendix K: Data Comparing Carbohydrate Intake to Intake of Other Nutrients from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996, 1998 (1226-1243)
Appendix L: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (1244-1249)
Appendix M: Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults (1250-1258)
Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (1259-1274)
Index (1275-1318)
Summary Tables, Dietary Reference Intakes (1319-1331)

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OCR for page 1066
Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997 TABLE F-1 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Energy Intake (kcal), Canada (1990–1997)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 5th 10th 25th M, 19–30 y 1,362 2,980.2 1,992 2,120 2,436 Standard error   45.2 75 33 25 M, 31–50 y 2,371 2,637.1 1,545 1,797 2,149 Standard error   33.5 81 44 24 M, 51–70 y 2,416 2,224.0 1,418 1,546 1,794 Standard error   35.8 81 30 31 M, 71–74 y 478 2,025.8 1,213 1,360 1,672 Standard error   55.6 99 57 69 F, 19–30 y 1,456 1,890.4 1,189 1,327 1,521 Standard error   27.8 57 19 17 F, 31–50 y 2,687 1,752.2 1,124 1,217 1,421 Standard error   24.0 42 14 14 F, 51–70 y 2,481 1,543.2 932 1,077 1,268 Standard error   28.2 51 27 19 F, 71–74 y 474 1,531.3 920 1,030 1,188 Standard error   70.8 64 39 35 Total 13,725 2,168.6 1,173 1,304 1,575 Standard error   16.0 30 11 12 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Applications, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 50th 75th 90th 95th 2,810 3,194 3,679 4,050 22 26 65 185 2,548 2,947 3,322 3,537 23 36 38 154 2,165 2,530 2,949 3,167 34 42 56 130 1,994 2,311 2,730 2,976 34 46 111 84 1,773 2,054 2,350 2,552 19 19 37 85 1,658 1,930 2,206 2,395 15 18 28 91 1,498 1,753 1,988 2,176 20 26 38 78 1,438 1,638 1,994 2,252 30 45 118 266 1,998 2,554 3,072 3,353 15 20 24 110

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE F-2 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Carbohydrate Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 5st 10th 25th M, 19–30 y 1,362 47.7 37.9 40.2 43.8 Standard error   0.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 M, 31–50 y 2,371 47.0 37.0 39.5 43.2 Standard error   0.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 M, 51–70 y 2,416 47.2 36.7 39.5 43.3 Standard error   0.4 1.3 0.6 0.4 M, 71–74 y 478 49.2 36.5 38.9 43.9 Standard error   0.8 1.7 1.0 1.0 F, 19–30 y 1,456 49.6 40.5 42.6 45.7 Standard error   0.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 F, 31–50 y 2,687 48.3 38.9 40.8 45.2 Standard error   0.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 F, 51–70 y 2,481 51.6 41.3 44.1 47.2 Standard error   0.4 1.2 0.6 0.5 F, 71–74 y 474 52.1 42.9 46.0 49.8 Standard error   0.8 1.7 1.2 0.8 Total 13,725 48.5 38.4 40.8 44.5 Standard error   0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Applications, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 50th 75th 90th 95th 47.4 51.4 55.2 57.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 46.9 50.8 54.7 56.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 47.4 51.3 55.3 57.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 49.2 54.2 59.2 61.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.0 49.4 53.2 56.2 58.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 48.9 52.5 56.4 58.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 51.3 54.9 57.9 60.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 52.7 55.0 57.7 60.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.4 48.6 52.6 56.1 58.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE F-3 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Fat Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 5st 10th 25th M, 19–30 y 1,362 33.7 26.8 28.8 31.7 Standard error   0.3 1.0 0.4 0.2 M, 31–50 y 2,371 33.8 25.9 27.6 31.0 Standard error   0.3 0.8 0.3 0.3 M, 51–70 y 2,416 33.2 23.6 25.9 29.7 Standard error   0.5 0.9 0.4 0.3 M, 71–74 y 478 32.7 22.8 24.4 27.9 Standard error   0.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 F, 19–30 y 1,456 33.0 24.5 26.8 29.6 Standard error   0.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 F, 31–50 y 2,687 33.4 24.8 26.8 29.8 Standard error   0.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 F, 51–70 y 2,481 30.8 22.9 24.9 27.8 Standard error   0.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 F, 71–74 y 474 30.5 21.8 24.8 27.1 Standard error   0.7 1.2 0.7 0.4 Total 13,725 33.1 24.6 26.7 29.8 Standard error   0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Applications, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 50th 75th 90th 95th 34.2 36.5 38.2 39.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 33.9 36.8 39.6 41.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 33.4 36.6 40.1 42.0 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.1 32.4 36.8 41.5 43.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.0 33.1 36.4 39.1 40.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 33.1 36. 39.4 41.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 31.2 34.8 37.5 39.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.0 30.5 33.6 37.0 39.7 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.2 33.3 36.3 39.2 41.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE F-4 Mean and Percentages for Dietary Saturated Fat Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 5st 10th 25th M, 19–30 y 1,362 12.4 8.6 9.5 10.7 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 31–50 y 2,371 12.2 8.0 9.0 10.5 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 M, 51–70 y 2,416 12.0 6.7 7.9 9.6 Standard error   0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 M, 71–74 y 478 11.6 6.3 7.3 9.3 Standard error   0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 F, 19–30 y 1,456 12.1 7.8 8.8 10.2 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 F, 31–50 y 2,687 12.0 7.5 8.3 9.9 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 F, 51–70 y 2,481 10.9 6.5 7.4 8.9 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 F, 71–74 y 474 10.7 6.2 6.7 8.5 Standard error   0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Total 13,725 12.0 7.4 8.4 10.0 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Applications, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 50th 75th 90th 95th 12.2 13.6 15.0 15.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 12.0 13.6 15.0 16.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 11.8 13.7 15.8 16.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 11.2 13.2 14.6 17.2 0.4 0.3 0.7   11.8 13.4 15.0 16.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 11.5 13.2 14.8 16.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 10.8 12.5 14.1 15.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 10.2 12.4 14.5 15.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 11.7 13.4 15.0 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE F-5 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Protein Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 5st 10th 25th M, 19–30 y 1,362 15.9 12.8 13.4 14.4 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 31–50 y 2,371 16.3 12.9 13.6 14.6 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 51–70 y 2,416 16.7 12.8 13.5 14.4 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 71–74 y 478 17.1 12.2 13.3 14.1 Standard error   0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 F, 19–30 y 1,456 16.0 12.6 13.2 14.4 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 F, 31–50 y 2,687 16.7 12.6 13.4 14.7 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 F, 51–70 y 2,481 16.6 12.7 13.6 14.8 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 F, 71–74 y 474 16.9 13.1 13.6 14.7 Standard error   0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 Total 13,725 16.4 12.8 13.5 14.5 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Applications, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 50th 75th 90th 95th 15.3 16.3 17.3 18.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 15.8 17.0 18.2 19.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 16.0 17.5 18.9 20.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 15.8 17.6 20.6 22.2 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.1 15.5 16.4 17.5 18.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 15.8 17.2 18.6 19.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 15.9 17.4 18.8 19.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 16.0 17.4 19.1 20.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 15.7 17.0 18.4 19.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Representative terms from entire chapter:

estimated using