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OCR for page 594
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
C
Dietary Intake Datafrom the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994
TABLE C-1 Mean and Percentiles for One-Day Intake of α-Carotene (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
5th
10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
793
359
0
0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
827
589
0
1
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,309
221
1
2
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,448
207
1
3
M 9 to 13 y
1,219
343
1
3
M 14 to 18 y
909
239
0
<1
M 19 to 30 y
1,902
425
<1
2
M 31 to 50 y
2,533
457
<1
2
M 51 to 70 y
1,942
582
<1
2
M 71+ y
1,255
535
<1
3
F 9 to 13 y
1,216
307
1
1
F 14 to 18 y
949
203
0
1
F 19 to 30 y
1,901
246
<1
1
F 31 to 50 y
2,939
468
<1
2
F 51 to 70 y
2,065
592
1
3
F 71+ y
1,368
588
1
4
F Pregnant
346
376
1
3
F Lactating
99
417
1
2
All Individuals
28,575
407
<1
2
All Indiv (+P/L)
29,015
406
<1
2
OCR for page 595
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
0
3
210
1,107
2,066
3,894
6
91
638
1,596
3,194
5,417
6
17
56
655
1,376
3,443
9
22
58
366
1,190
3,443
8
25
68
291
1,202
5,846
8
29
76
257
1,638
4,476
9
39
128
1,386
2,355
7,207
10
51
191
1,457
2,464
6,620
13
58
308
2,028
3,174
6,053
13
51
262
1,681
3,135
5,758
7
19
60
400
1,719
5,171
4
21
58
295
1,348
2,927
7
29
97
567
1,327
3,718
10
44
208
1,460
2,712
6,960
15
59
354
1,823
3,240
7,427
14
58
488
2,250
3,266
4,966
9
41
166
1,175
1,836
6,735
10
43
111
483
2,132
6,735
9
36
144
1,184
2,416
5,689
9
36
144
1,184
2,389
5,689
OCR for page 596
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
1st
5th
NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. Estimates represent the unadjusted distribution of the intake reported per individual (the distribution of the data does not meet the assumptions of the Iowa State University method, i.e., the C-Side program). The mean and percentiles for all distributions were calculated using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. All sample weights greater than 40,000 were truncated to 40,000 to reduce the influence of extreme intake patterns. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.
OCR for page 597
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000, Revised.
OCR for page 598
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-2 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of β-Carotene (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
5th
10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
793
1,159
1
1
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
827
1,950
42
79
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,309
1,020
75
110
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,448
1,722
1,037
1,148
Standard error
353
174
202
M 9 to 13 y
1,219
1,694
461
575
Standard error
499
89
124
M 14 to 18 y
909
1,420
492
600
Standard error
190
51
67
M 19 to 30 y
1,902
2,146
726
885
Standard error
164
63
71
M 31 to 50 y
2,533
2,299
736
913
Standard error
139
48
54
M 51 to 70 y
1,942
2,622
826
1,026
Standard error
163
73
82
M 71+ y
1,255
2,733
800
1,009
Standard error
166
64
72
F 9 to 13 y
1,216
1,826
584
720
Standard error
667
141
186
F 14 to 18 y
949
1,183
411
502
Standard error
124
35
44
F 19 to 30 y
1,901
1,595
538
660
Standard error
169
38
50
F 31 to 50 y
2,939
2,144
763
929
Standard error
100
46
49
F 51 to 70 y
2,065
2,665
931
1,141
Standard error
336
64
71
F 71+ y
1,368
2,634
983
1,196
Standard error
133
65
72
Pregnant
346
1,531
654
778
Standard error
217
112
138
Lactating
99
1,568
789
900
Standard error
425
147
176
All Individuals
28,575
1,985
617
774
Standard error
45
23
25
All Indiv (+P/L)
29,015
1,978
615
771
Standard error
44
23
25
NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.
OCR for page 599
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
6
77
1,274
4,240
6,658
10,365
236
711
2,166
5,684
7,974
13,208
198
411
931
2,279
3,920
8,583
1,362
1,649
2,001
2,386
2,653
3,247
256
332
426
531
606
777
839
1,300
2,069
3,218
4,230
7,173
206
353
612
1,030
1,420
2,630
833
1,201
1,749
2,484
3,082
4,670
101
153
236
358
466
778
1,231
1,793
2,663
3,831
4,759
7,101
88
124
199
321
429
728
1,306
1,942
2,886
4,110
5,068
7,479
69
103
170
288
409
848
1,470
2,199
3,302
4,741
5,861
8,603
100
134
198
297
381
596
1,479
2,261
3,457
5,029
6,262
9,334
91
134
213
335
448
794
1,023
1,519
2,269
3,278
4,099
6,278
296
495
834
1,350
1,810
3,190
700
1,014
1,472
2,062
2,523
3,692
64
96
154
260
370
737
929
1,359
1,989
2,805
3,447
5,083
78
128
214
338
444
739
1,289
1,857
2,678
3,713
4,502
6,414
57
78
129
205
266
428
1,598
2,317
3,339
4,612
5,580
7,943
100
186
400
811
1,230
2,560
1,653
2,351
3,304
4,431
5,250
7,138
91
123
168
224
266
379
1,031
1,388
1,866
2,456
2,902
3,972
178
204
258
368
468
760
1,121
1,435
1,862
2,391
2,798
3,812
239
348
530
800
1,040
1,700
1,110
1,665
2,491
3,580
4,444
6,641
29
40
55
78
100
167
1,106
1,659
2,483
3,567
4,428
6,614
29
39
54
76
97
161
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.
OCR for page 600
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-3 Mean and Percentiles for One-Day Intake of β-Cryptoxanthin (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
5th
10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
793
18
0
0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
827
43
0
1
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,309
83
0
1
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,448
84
0
1
M 9 to 13 y
1,219
101
0
0
M 14 to 18 y
909
121
0
1
M 19 to 30 y
1,902
136
0
1
M 31 to 50 y
2,533
117
0
1
M 51 to 70 y
1,942
122
0
1
M 71+ y
1,255
135
0
1
F 9 to 13 y
1,216
94
0
0
F 14 to 18 y
949
88
0
0
F 19 to 30 y
1,901
98
0
0
F 31 to 50 y
2,939
84
0
1
F 51–70 y
2,065
107
0
1
F 71+ y
1,368
105
0
1
F Pregnant
346
159
1
2
F Lactating
99
172
0
1
All Individuals
28,575
104
0
1
All Indiv (+P/L)
29,015
105
0
1
NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. Estimates represent the unadjusted distribution of the intake reported per individual (the distribution of the data does not meet the assumptions of the Iowa State University method, i.e., the C-Side program). The mean and percentiles for all distributions were calculated using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. All sample weights greater than 40,000 were truncated to 40,000 to reduce the influence of extreme intake patterns. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.
OCR for page 601
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
0
7
23
45
65
177
8
23
51
103
143
258
4
39
113
213
326
544
3
27
120
239
337
596
3
20
139
263
373
662
3
14
167
334
463
1,376
4
19
177
392
556
1,262
5
27
152
326
476
982
4
34
160
312
442
892
4
39
154
278
384
1,336
3
23
147
266
344
787
3
13
92
266
422
836
3
13
118
260
421
1,009
3
18
100
245
357
738
4
41
157
266
383
715
5
52
153
273
345
635
6
46
184
367
813
1,357
16
91
179
474
1,003
1,003
4
24
134
277
410
830
4
24
135
279
413
850
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000, Revised.
OCR for page 602
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-4 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Lutein and Zeaxanthin (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
5th
10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
793
457
0
0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
827
790
60
98
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,309
927
159
217
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,448
1,277
530
616
Standard error
93
24
32
M 9 to 13 y
1,219
1,330
674
770
Standard error
68
30
38
M 14 to 18 y
909
1,418
693
801
Standard error
84
39
45
M 19 to 30 y
1,902
2,032
881
1,040
Standard error
353
71
95
M 31 to 50 y
2,533
2,192
929
1,097
Standard error
151
57
70
M 51 to 70 y
1,942
2,264
880
1,046
Standard error
110
29
36
M 71+ y
1,255
2,088
788
937
Standard error
132
44
52
F 9 to 13 y
1,216
1,280
569
668
Standard error
306
72
70
F 14 to 18 y
949
1,162
448
526
Standard error
102
34
37
F 19 to 30 y
1,901
1,704
532
645
Standard error
243
19
30
F 31 to 50 y
2,939
2,013
690
848
Standard error
102
32
39
F 51 to 70 y
2,065
1,960
691
840
Standard error
96
24
29
F 71+ y
1,368
1,921
675
817
Standard error
108
26
33
Pregnant
346
1,455
649
754
Standard error
132
50
60
Lactating
99
1,850
958
1,098
Standard error
277
144
171
All Individuals
28,575
1,719
583
714
Standard error
49
13
16
All Indiv (+P/L)
29,015
1,712
581
712
Standard error
44
11
14
NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.
OCR for page 603
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
1
94
353
1,083
2,407
5,703
214
398
832
1,512
2,788
5,673
365
624
1,068
1,823
2,572
7,542
801
1,099
1,537
2,135
2,625
3,965
48
74
119
190
261
471
960
1,228
1,583
2,009
2,328
3,099
52
65
84
113
138
217
1,016
1,317
1,707
2,159
2,487
3,247
57
76
104
144
179
284
1,366
1,839
2,469
3,240
3,834
5,342
126
234
554
880
1,090
1,700
1,443
1,957
2,669
3,560
4,251
5,986
94
130
186
269
339
539
1,405
1,966
2,776
3,825
4,656
6,800
51
83
140
228
308
543
1,261
1,778
2,552
3,590
4,430
6,649
72
107
168
260
342
582
866
1,152
1,544
2,038
2,426
3,408
135
298
430
547
669
1,210
699
993
1,421
1,989
2,452
3,700
57
79
128
210
292
608
906
1,353
2,071
3,111
4,026
6,743
65
142
296
558
819
1,730
1,185
1,712
2,486
3,514
4,346
6,541
55
82
127
199
266
473
1,167
1,684
2,437
3,404
4,161
6,077
43
65
111
226
363
857
1,130
1,634
2,381
3,359
4,133
6,124
50
82
137
228
320
626
973
1,306
1,767
2,335
2,764
3,811
80
113
166
243
311
502
1,373
1,750
2,217
2,730
3,087
3,874
220
278
340
406
457
593
1,004
1,466
2,144
3,021
3,711
5,470
23
36
61
99
133
231
1,001
1,461
2,135
3,007
3,694
5,442
20
32
55
91
123
218
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.
OCR for page 604
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-5 Mean and Percentiles for One-Day Intake of Lycopene (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
5th
10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
793
164
0
0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
827
1,873
0
0
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,309
5,278
0
0
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,448
6,951
0
0
M 9 to 13 y
1,219
10,111
0
0
M 14 to 18 y
909
11,547
0
0
M 19 to 30 y
1,902
12,656
0
0
M 31 to 50 y
2,533
9,882
0
0
M 51 to 70 y
1,942
6,635
0
0
M 71+ y
1,255
6,666
0
0
F 9 to 13 y
1,216
8,262
0
0
F 14 to 18 y
949
7,980
0
0
F 19 to 30 y
1,901
7,438
0
0
F 31 to 50 y
2,939
5,972
0
0
F 51 to 70 y
2,065
5,388
0
0
F 71+ y
1,368
4,332
0
0
F Pregnant
346
8,713
0
0
F Lactating
99
9,513
0
0
All Individuals
28,575
7,753
0
0
All Indiv (+P/L)
29,015
7,774
0
0
NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. Estimates represent the unadjusted distribution of the intake reported per individual (the distribution of the data does not meet the assumptions of the Iowa State University method, i.e., the C-Side program). The mean and percentiles for all distributions were calculated using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. All sample weights greater than 40,000 were truncated to 40,000 to reduce the influence of extreme intake patterns. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.
OCR for page 633
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
0.24c
0.64
0.86
1.34
2.36c
2.44c
2.94c
0.09c
0.33
1.16
2.37
3.32c
4.30c
5.88c
0.69
1.54
2.49
2.50
4.64
5.07
8.30c
0.70
1.82
2.37
2.50
4.80
5.07
7.88c
2.09c
3.70c
4.15c
4.59c
4.86c
4.94c
6.89c
0.57
1.39
2.49
2.50
4.73
5.00
8.09
0.58
1.42
2.49
2.50
4.78
5.00
8.08
c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
9.2c
14.5
17.4
21.1
44.9c
66.1c
120.9c
2.0c
3.9
14.4
22.9
31.7c
50.4c
145.9c
6.4
14.0
22.7
24.6
36.4
79.6
159.3c
7.4
14.7
23.9
24.7
37.7
83.7
161.0c
14.3c
21.9c
23.0c
24.1c
24.7c
24.9c
31.5c
6.5
14.5
23.9
24.7
38.3
79.1
160.3
6.5
14.7
23.9
24.7
33.7
78.9
160.2
c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.
OCR for page 634
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-22 Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Nickel (μg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
SEMb
Percentile
5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y
26
5.65c
0.98
0.66c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y
89
3.97
0.50
0.17c
M 19+ y
571
4.46
0.13
0.71
F 19+ y
737
4.80
0.13
0.82
Pregnant/Lactating
8
5.55c
0.65
2.09c
All Individuals
1,423
4.62
0.10
0.63
All Individuals (+P/L)
1,431
4.63
0.10
0.63
NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b SEM = standard error of the mean.
TABLE C-23 Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Silicon (mg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
SEMb
Percentile
5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y
20
1.57c
0.21
0.10c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y
85
2.69
0.89
0.07c
M 19+ y
560
4.32
0.82
0.29
F 19+ y
727
7.04
0.89
0.26
Pregnant/Lactating
8
68.59c
17.83
0.44c
All Individuals
1,392
5.66
0.71
0.24
All Individuals (+P/L)
1,400
5.85
0.72
0.24
NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b SEM = standard error of the mean.
OCR for page 635
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
1.28c
3.44c
4.30c
5.55c
7.22c
11.62c
14.52c
0.36c
0.82
4.55
4.83
5.00c
9.33c
15.18c
1.32
3.63
4.68
4.86
4.97
6.56
10.14c
1.60
4.53
4.70
4.87
4.98
7.27
15.18c
2.26c
2.79c
3.68c
4.56c
6.02c
8.01c
9.60c
1.41
4.50
4.69
4.87
4.98
7.09
14.62c
1.41
4.50
4.69
4.87
4.98
7.10
14.61c
c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
0.71c
0.94c
1.24c
1.69c
1.96c
2.01c
2.03c
0.09c
0.29
1.26
1.75
1.96c
2.63c
44.36c
0.54
1.40
1.78
1.91
1.99
8.48
65.22c
0.66
1.75
1.85
1.95
4.35
73.08
78.69c
0.79c
1.83c
31.32c
63.83c
96.31c
128.15c
153.63c
0.58
1.58
1.84
1.94
2.03
32.10
78.19c
0.58
1.61
1.84
1.94
2.48
33.09
78.33c
c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.
OCR for page 636
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-24 Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Vanadium (μg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
SEMb
Percentile
5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y
26
6.09c
1.51
0.10c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y
89
6.50
0.94
0.12c
M 19+ y
571
8.37
0.26
0.89
F 19+ y
742
8.61
0.19
0.91
Pregnant/Lactating
8
11.01c
1.33
0.55c
All Individuals
1,428
8.37
0.18
0.80
All Individuals (+P/L)
1,436
8.38
0.18
0.80
NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b SEM = standard error of the mean.
OCR for page 637
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
0.52c
0.90c
5.09c
7.57c
9.06c
9.55c
9.95c
0.25c
1.12
6.25
8.79
9.75c
13.36c
20.90c
2.08
6.14
8.85
9.45
9.81
9.93
19.29c
2.12
7.80
9.34
9.69
9.90
9.97
20.03c
1.12c
2.84c
5.71c
8.57c
12.04c
16.02c
19.20c
1.68
5.68
9.31
9.68
9.89
9.97
19.99c
1.69
5.72
9.31
9.68
9.89
9.97
19.98c
c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.
OCR for page 638
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-25 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
5th
10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
793
5.51
2.60
3.20
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
827
6.11
2.90
3.50
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,309
6.94
3.00
3.60
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,448
8.95
6.40
6.90
Standard error
0.13
0.11
0.11
M 9 to 13 y
1,219
11.83
8.20
8.90
Standard error
0.25
0.19
0.19
M 14 to 18 y
909
15.12
8.30
9.30
Standard error
0.67
0.28
0.32
M 19 to 30 y
1,902
15.40
8.80
9.90
Standard error
0.36
0.25
0.25
M 31 to 50 y
2,533
14.83
8.60
9.60
Standard error
0.26
0.17
0.18
M 51 to 70 y
1,942
13.77
7.60
8.60
Standard error
0.27
0.16
0.17
M 71+ y
1,255
12.17
6.70
7.50
Standard error
0.53
0.20
0.22
F 9 to 13 y
1,216
9.64
6.50
7.10
Standard error
0.32
0.17
0.18
F 14 to 18 y
949
9.26
5.20
5.90
Standard error
0.32
0.19
0.20
F 19 to 30 y
1,901
9.52
5.40
6.10
Standard error
0.22
0.14
0.14
F 31 to 50 y
2,939
9.67
5.70
6.40
Standard error
0.17
0.10
0.10
F 51 to 70 y
2,065
9.19
5.30
5.90
Standard error
0.18
0.11
0.11
F 71+ y
1,368
8.62
5.00
5.50
Standard error
0.19
0.10
0.11
Pregnant
346
11.24
6.90
7.70
Standard error
0.50
0.47
0.47
Lactating
99
14.78
9.30
10.30
Standard error
0.93
0.60
0.61
All Individuals
28,575
11.27
6.10
6.90
Standard error
0.12
0.12
0.12
All Indiv (+P/L)
29,015
11.29
6.20
7.00
Standard error
0.13
0.14
0.14
NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.
OCR for page 639
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
4.20
5.30
6.60
8.10
8.90
11.60
4.50
5.90
7.30
8.90
10.10
12.90
4.80
6.40
8.40
10.60
12.90
17.80
7.70
8.80
10.00
11.20
12.00
13.60
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.23
10.10
11.60
13.30
15.10
16.20
18.50
0.20
0.23
0.30
0.40
0.48
0.68
11.40
14.30
17.90
22.00
24.90
31.40
0.39
0.54
0.86
1.39
1.85
3.13
12.00
14.80
18.10
21.60
23.90
28.90
0.28
0.33
0.44
0.61
0.75
1.12
11.50
14.20
17.40
20.90
23.30
28.60
0.21
0.25
0.31
0.41
0.51
0.78
10.50
13.10
16.30
19.80
22.30
27.80
0.18
0.23
0.35
0.55
0.73
1.21
9.10
11.40
14.40
17.90
20.40
26.30
0.27
0.40
0.66
1.05
1.39
2.30
8.10
9.40
10.90
12.50
13.50
15.50
0.21
0.28
0.39
0.54
0.66
0.95
7.20
8.90
10.90
13.10
14.50
17.50
0.23
0.29
0.40
0.57
0.72
1.08
7.40
9.20
11.20
13.40
14.90
18.10
0.16
0.20
0.26
0.36
0.44
0.67
7.60
9.30
11.30
13.40
14.80
17.90
0.12
0.15
0.21
0.31
0.40
0.62
7.10
8.80
10.80
13.00
14.50
17.80
0.12
0.15
0.23
0.37
0.48
0.80
6.70
8.20
10.10
12.20
13.60
16.70
0.13
0.17
0.24
0.33
0.41
0.63
9.10
10.90
13.00
15.20
16.60
19.60
0.47
0.49
0.55
0.68
0.82
1.19
12.20
14.50
17.10
19.60
21.30
24.60
0.68
0.88
1.19
1.59
1.88
2.56
8.50
10.70
13.40
16.30
18.40
23.00
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.17
0.21
0.33
8.50
10.70
13.40
16.30
18.40
23.00
0.14
0.13
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.33
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.
OCR for page 640
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-26 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food and Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
Percentile
5th
10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
793
5.51
2.60
3.20
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
827
6.11
2.90
3.50
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,309
6.94
3.00
3.60
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,448
9.56
6.56
6.94
M 9 to 13 y
1,219
12.34
8.18
8.85
M 14 to 18 y
909
15.83
8.55
9.56
M 19 to 30 y
1,902
16.94
8.81
10.21
M 31 to 50 y
2,533
16.44
8.74
10.02
M 51 to 70 y
1,942
16.29
7.94
9.07
M 71+ y
1,255
15.08
7.08
7.94
F 9 to 13 y
1,216
10.17
6.68
7.35
F 14 to 18 y
949
9.78
5.19
6.18
F 19 to 30 y
1,901
11.23
5.60
6.33
F 31 to 50 y
2,939
12.14
5.98
6.63
F 51 to 70 y
2,065
12.15
5.36
6.22
F 71+ y
1,368
12.08
5.05
5.66
Pregnant
346
19.97
7.09
8.31
Lactating
99
24.67
10.05
10.60
All Individuals
28,575
13.00
6.34
7.23
All Indiv (+P/L)
29,015
13.14
6.35
7.24
NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted; the total nutrient intake is the sum of the unadjusted food intake and the daily supplement intake. For all other groups, individual total nutrient intakes were obtained as the sum of the adjusted individual usual intake from food alone and the daily supplement intake. The mean and percentiles of the estimated usual intake distributions were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.
OCR for page 641
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
4.20
5.30
6.60
8.10
8.90
11.60
4.50
5.90
7.30
8.90
10.10
12.90
4.80
6.40
8.40
10.60
12.90
17.80
7.88
8.95
10.22
11.64
14.22
24.36
10.26
11.71
13.34
15.42
17.30
30.35
11.82
14.80
18.33
22.11
26.16
39.03
12.71
15.34
19.52
25.75
29.76
43.00
12.10
14.77
18.87
25.18
30.46
42.60
11.07
13.90
18.10
26.95
31.55
59.70
9.73
12.12
16.93
26.13
30.05
56.85
8.26
9.55
11.01
12.87
14.48
25.52
7.49
8.98
11.11
13.39
15.54
26.26
7.81
9.64
12.09
18.58
24.64
36.90
8.02
10.08
12.67
22.49
25.76
36.73
7.48
9.52
13.04
23.73
26.13
37.26
7.07
8.92
12.41
23.97
26.20
49.72
10.11
13.09
31.35
37.49
39.86
47.97
13.08
20.42
38.59
42.64
46.70
46.70
8.86
11.21
14.55
21.67
26.39
38.29
8.87
11.22
14.61
22.24
26.82
39.37
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.
OCR for page 642
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE C-27 Mean and Percentiles for Drinking Water Intake (mL/day), NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Number of Persons Examined
Mean
SEMb
Percentile
5th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo
784
115
8
0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo
809
172
8
0
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
3,172
382
10
0
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
3,247
620
24
0
M 9 to 13 y
1,188
1,107
42
64
M 14 to 18 y
891
1,402
59
0
M 19 to 30 y
1,872
1,389
41
0
M 31 to 50 y
2,495
1,294
35
0
M 51 to 70 y
1,872
1,253
41
0
M 71+ y
1,186
1,198
39
0
F 9 to 13 y
1,181
1,008
45
56
F 14 to 18 y
937
1,117
43
0
F 19 to 30 y
1,885
1,163
33
0
F 31 to 50 y
2,906
1,219
30
0
F 51 to 70 y
2,002
1,278
32
0
F 71+ y
1,317
1,147
25
0
Pregnant
341
1,413
79
147
Lactating
98
1,628
147
225c
P/L
434
1,462
69
166
All Individuals
27,744
1,144
13
0
All Indiv (+P/L)
28,178
1,149
13
0
NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b SEM = standard error of the mean.
OCR for page 643
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
99th
0
0
54
131
230
457
876c
0
0
107
205
446
472
902c
0
104
228
467
903
1,135
1,789
98
206
453
848
1,265
1,686
2,638
204
453
877
1,383
2,347
2,726
4,105c
211
608
1,038
1,772
2,648
3,642
5,612c
208
435
939
1,824
2,803
3,729
7,195
101
435
921
1,835
2,760
3,623
6,206
172
454
941
1,703
2,623
3,533
5,440
215
602
942
1,657
2,258
2,819
3,730c
178
351
709
1,320
2,103
2,628
4,371c
62
337
857
1,519
2,537
2,946
4,972c
94
368
889
1,704
2,603
3,128
4,717
95
334
897
1,734
2,645
3,411
4,723
189
468
966
1,768
2,614
3,341
4,625
222
470
945
1,545
2,064
2,634
3,724c
315
661
1,136
1,900
2,621
2,831
5,057c
453c
951
1,301
1,914
3,121c
3,721c
4,717c
353
694
1,251
1,902
2,665
3,562
4,865c
99
343
878
1,610
2,530
3,240
5,261
100
347
884
1,614
2,538
3,244
5,258
c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
nhanes iii
