|
Items in cart [0] |
Questions? Call 888-624-8373 |
| Copyright © 2009. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement |
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
Page i
REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES
Seventh Report
Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Transportation Research Board
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C.
OCR for page R2
Page ii
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC
20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DTNH22–00–G–07519. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
Library of Congress Control Number:
2001094462
International Standard Book Number
0-309-07603-X
Available in limited supply from:
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
HA-270
Washington, DC 20418
202–334–3344
Additional copies are available for sale from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Box 285
Washington, DC
20055
800–624–6242
or
202–334–3313
(in the Washington metropolitan area)
http://www.nap.edu
Copyright
2001
by the
National Academy of Sciences
. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
Page iii
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A.Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I.Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts and Dr. Wm. A.Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
OCR for page R4
Page iv
OCR for page R5
Page v
STANDING COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES
CRAIG MARKS (Chair),
NAE,
1
AlliedSignal (retired), Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
VERNON P.ROAN (Vice Chair),
University of Florida, Gainesville
WILLIAM AGNEW,
NAE, General Motors Research Laboratories (retired), Washington, Michigan
KENNERLY H.DIGGES,
George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
W.ROBERT EPPERLY,
Epperly Associates, Mountain View, California
DAVID E.FOSTER,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
NORMAN A.GJOSTEIN,
NAE, University of Michigan, Dearborn
DAVID F.HAGEN,
Ford Motor Company (retired), Dearborn, Michigan
JOHN B.HEYWOOD,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
FRITZ KALHAMMER,
Electric Power Research Institute (retired), Palo Alto, California
JOHN G.KASSAKIAN,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
HAROLD H.KUNG,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
DAVID F.MERRION,
Detroit Diesel Corporation (retired), Brighton, Michigan
JOHN SCOTT NEWMAN,
NAE, University of California, Berkeley
ROBERTA NICHOLS,
NAE, Ford Motor Company (retired), Plymouth, Michigan
F.STAN SETTLES,
NAE, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
Committee Subgroup on Systems Analysis and Electrical and Electronic Systems
JOHN G.KASSAKIAN (Chair)
JOHN B.HEYWOOD
JOHN SCOTT NEWMAN
ROBERTA NICHOLS
F.STAN SETTLES
Committee Subgroup on Batteries
FRITZ KALHAMMER (Chair)
HAROLD H.KUNG
JOHN SCOTT NEWMAN
VERNON P.ROAN
1NAE=National Academy of Engineering
OCR for page R6
Page vi
Committee Subgroup on Fuels
W. ROBERT EPPERLY (Chair)
DAVID E. FOSTER
DAVID F. MERRION
ROBERTA NICHOLS
Committee Subgroup on Fuel Cells
VERNON P. ROAN (Chair)
FRITZ KALHAMMER
HAROLD H. KUNG
JOHN SCOTT NEWMAN
Committee Subgroup on Internal Combustion Enginesand Emissions Control
DAVID E. FOSTER (Chair)
WILLIAM AGNEW
W. ROBERT EPPERLY
DAVID F. HAGEN
JOHN B. HEYWOOD
DAVID F. MERRION
Committee Subgroup on Materials and Safety
NORMAN A. GJOSTEIN (Chair)
KENNERLY H. DIGGES
DAVID F. HAGEN
F. STAN SETTLES
Committee Subgroup on Cost Analysis
CRAIG MARKS (Chair)
WILLIAM AGNEW
DAVID F. HAGEN
DAVID F. MERRION
F. STAN SETTLES
OCR for page R7
Page vii
Project Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Responsible Staff Officer,
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)
NAN HUMPHREY, Senior Program Officer,
Transportation Research Board
SUSANNA E.CLARENDON, Senior Project Assistant and Financial Associate
(BEES)
OCR for page R8
Page viii
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
ROBERT L. HIRSCH (Chair),
RAND, Arlington, Virginia
RICHARD E. BALZHISER,
NAE,
1
Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. (retired), Menlo Park, California
DAVID L. BODDE,
University of Missouri, Kansas City
PHILIP R. CLARK,
NAE, GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired), Boonton, New Jersey
WILLIAM L. FISHER,
NAE, University of Texas, Austin
CHRISTOPHER FLAVIN,
Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D. C.
HAROLD FORSEN,
NAE, Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, D. C.
WILLIAM FULKERSON,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (retired) and University of Tennessee, Knoxville
MARTHA A. KREBS,
California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, California
GERALD L. KULCINSKI,
NAE, University of Wisconsin, Madison
EDWARD S. RUBIN,
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
ROBERT W. SHAW JR. ,
Aretê Corporation, Center Harbor, New Hampshire
JACK SIEGEL,
Energy Resources International, Inc. , Washington, D. C.
ROBERT SOCOLOW,
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
KATHLEEN C. TAYLOR,
NAE, General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan
JACK WHITE,
Association of State Energy Research and Technology Transfer Institutions, Falls Church, Virginia
JOHN J. WISE,
NAE, Mobil Research and Development Corporation (retired), Princeton, New Jersey
Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Director
RICHARD CAMPBELL, Program Officer
ALAN CRANE, Program Officer
MARTIN OFFUTT, Program Officer
SUSANNA CLARENDON, Financial Associate
PANOLA GOLSON, Project Assistant
ANA-MARIA IGNAT, Project Assistant
SHANNA LIBERMAN, Project Assistant
1NAE = National Academy of Engineering
OCR for page R9
Page ix
Acknowledgments
The committee wishes to thank all of the members of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, who contributed a significant amount of their time and effort to this National Research Council (NRC) study by giving presentations at meetings, responding to requests for information, or hosting site visits. The committee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of other organizations that provided information on advanced vehicle technologies and development initiatives. Finally, the chair wishes to recognize the committee members and the staff of the NRC Board on Energy and Environmental Systems for their hard work in organizing and planning committee meetings and their individual efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report.
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Charles Amann (NAE), Gary L.Borman (NAE), Pat Flynn (NAE), Robert A. Frosch (NAE), Harvard University, Roger McClellan (IOM), Jerome G.Rivard (NAE), Global Technology and Business Development, Dale F.Stein (NAE), R.Rhoads Stephenson, and Supramaniam Srinivasan, Princeton University.
OCR for page R10
Page x
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions and recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Trevor Jones, Biomec, Inc., appointed by the NRC's Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, and Gary Byrd, consulting engineer, appointed by the Report Review Committee, who were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
OCR for page R11
Page xi
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
1
INTRODUCTION
13
Program Progress,
16
The Evolving Context,
17
Scope of Review,
18
2
DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE SUBSYSTEMS
20
Candidate Systems,
20
Internal Combustion Reciprocating Engines,
22
Fuel Cells,
37
Electrochemical Energy Storage,
43
Power Electronics and Electrical Systems,
50
Structural Materials,
55
Vehicle Safety,
63
Fuel Issues,
66
3
VEHICLE ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENTS
71
Systems Analysis,
71
Hybrid Production Vehicles,
72
Concept Cars and Production Prototypes,
76
OCR for page R12
Page xii
4
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
78
The Changing Context,
78
Program Perspectives,
79
Summary,
82
5
PNGV's RESPONSE TO THE SIXTH REPORT
84
REFERENCES
86
APPENDIXES
A
Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
93
B
The PNGV Response to Recommendations in the Sixth Report
100
C
Presentations and Committee Activities
111
D
United States Council for Automotive Research Consortia
114
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
115
OCR for page R13
Page xiii
Tables and Figures
TABLES
2–1
CIDI Engine Technology R&D Plan Technical
Targets for an 80-mpg PNGV Vehicle,
25
2–2
Fuel Properties of Ad Hoc Fuel Test Program,
33
2–3
Engine Operating Conditions of Ad Hoc Fuel
Test Program,
34
2–4
Proposed Revised Technical Targets for Integrated
Fuel Cell Power Systems,
44
2–5
New Targets for Batteries,
46
2–6
Current Status and Targets for Power Electronics
and Motors,
51
2–7
New Target Specifications for Two System
Sizes for the AEMD,
52
2–8
Weight-Reduction Targets for the Goal 3 Vehicle,
55
2–9
Selected Attributes of PNGV 2000 Concept
Vehicles,
56
2–10
Weight Savings for Lightweight Materials,
56
FIGURES
2–1
Lightweight materials: affordability influences,
58
2–2
Polymer composite pickup box,
60
2–3
Cost of polymer composite pickup box relative
to the cost of steel pickup box,
60
2–4
The ACC Focal Project III body-in-white structure,
61
3–1
Honda Insight power-train configuration,
73
3–2
Toyota Prius power-train configuration,
74
OCR for page R14
Page xiv
OCR for page R15
Page xv
REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP
FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES
Seventh Report
OCR for page R16
Page xvi
